精密单点定位中对流层延迟改正模型分析

在精密单点定位中,通过有效的方法减小对流层误差源对定位精度的影响。其中Saastamoinen模型和Niell模型对减小对流层延迟误差效果较好。重点介绍了这两种模型,并通过实验分析了两种模型在精密单点定位中对对流层延迟误差的改正效果。实验结果以标准偏差和均方根的形式给出,说明了Saastamoinen模型与Niell模型对定位结果都有所改善,但Niell模型结果较好。     

Bernese 5.0软件下的精密单点定位精度分析

Bernese软件是当前国内外广泛应用的高精度GPS数据处理软件之一。本文简单介绍了Bernese5.0软件精密单点定位的数据处理策略,采用bjfs、harb两个IGS站1570周的数据,分析了静态精密单点定位时不同星历产品、钟差采样间隔对定位精度的影响;选取bjfs、harb站1570周第一天的数据,分析了动态精密单点定位中卫星截止高度角、先验对流层模型、钟差采样间隔对定位精度的影响。最后,结合2011年日本"3·11"地震时mizu站的数据,提取GPS地表同震形变,验证了Bernese 5.0精密单点定位的可靠性。     

卫星星历误差对GPS定位精度的影响与分析

分析了广播星历误差对GPS单点定位精度的影响，通过引入精密星历处理某机载GPS数据检验了广播星历误差对GPS单点定位的影响程度；理论推导了广播星历误差对单基站差分GPS数据的影响及规律，同时通过引入精密星历差分处理某机载GPS数据对广播星历误差的影响程度及规律进行了验证。     

GPS精密单点定位(静态)影响收敛速度的因素分析

GPS精密单点定位是最近几年发展起来的一项GPS定位新技术,是目前GPS界研究的热点之一.本文简要介绍了GPS精密单点定位的原理,通过对实验数据的处理,计算出利用IGS分析中心提供的五种精密星历和卫星钟差进行单点定位所能达到的精度,又较为详细的分析了影响收敛速度的因素,得出COD的定位精度是最高的,其收敛速度也是最快的,另外减小对流层延迟和GDOP大小对提高收敛速度也是有效的方法.     

精密单点定位及其精度分析

介绍精密单点定位的原理,并且以我国中部和东部GPS跟踪站精密单点定位为例,分析精密单点定位的精度.结果表明,精密单点定位精度与各跟踪站的误差小于0.2m,可以满足某些工程和海洋测绘的精度要求.     

融合GNSS兼容频率静态PPP对流层延迟评估

为进一步评估周边对流层延迟,本文基于中国境内以及周边5个MGEX跟踪站,对比分析BDS-3及与BDS-3兼容频率组合静态精密单点定位精度以及评估对流层延迟结果。实验结果表明,双系统组合能有效改善卫星状况,BDS-3以及其他情况静态精密单点定位水平精度优于1.5 cm,高程定位精度优于3 cm,评估对流层延迟结果较好,JFNG站评估对流层延迟结果误差在1 cm以内,其余测站评估对流层延迟结果误差在1—2 cm之间。     

不同解算条件下PANDA软件静态精密单点定位分析

分析了PANDA软件精密单点定位的数据处理策略,并采用SDCORS网 81个测站2012年第一周的GPS观测数据进行静态精密单点定位处理,通过得到的各测站年积日001～007的单天解进行统计分析,验证了该软件在山东区域进行精密单点定位的精度及可靠性。通过对比分析,研究了不同卫星截止高度角、不同对流层映射函数、不同星历钟差产品以及不同观测数据时长对其精密单点定位精度的影响。结果显示,当卫星截止高度角设置为10°、采用GMF对流层映射函数、利用精密星历和钟差、观测数据时长超过18 h时,PANDA软件静态精密单点定位的精度能够达到2 cm.      

对流层参数估计策略对PPP精度影响分析

精密单点定位(Precise Point Position,PPP)技术是当今卫星导航定位领域的研究热点。该技术能够在全球范围内快速获取高精度框架坐标。针对精密单点定位中对流层参数估计问题,提出单参数模型、分段常参数模型和附加随机漫步过程约束的分段常参数模型中对流层参数估计策略,选取10个全球IGS测站进行精密单点定位实验。结果表明:对流层改正主要影响U方向的定位精度,且3种对流层参数估计策略均能够使定位精度U方向优于0.020m;但不同的对流层参数估计策略对定位精度有一定差异,其中单参数模型与分段常参数模型相比,U方向定位精度最大差异超过0.015m,而附加随机漫步过程约束的分段常参数模型与分段常参数模型定位精度相当。     

GPS/GLONASS组合精密单点定位研究

讨论了GPS/GLONASS组合精密单点定位的数学模型,并以IRKJ跟踪站的观测数据为例,分别利用GPS和GPS/GLONASS组合两种方式进行精密单点定位解算。计算结果表明,当GPS观测卫星数较多(9~10颗)时,组合GPS/GLONASS较单系统GPS的精密单点定位精度及收敛速度有一定改善,但效果不明显。当GPS卫星数较少(4~5颗)时,引入GLONASS卫星进行GPS/GLONASS组合精密单点定位,其定位精度及收敛速度较单系统GPS精密单点均有显著改善。     

基于PPP的动对动定位技术与精度分析

介绍了GPS精密单点定位和动对动实时差分定位技术，提出了基于GPS精密单点定位的动对动定位方法，实现了分米级的定位精度。     

电离层延迟高阶项对GPS精密单点定位精度影响分析

随着GPS卫星轨道、钟差及各种误差修正模型的不断精化,静态精密单点定位(PPP)定位精度达到mm级,进行电离层延迟高阶项较小量级的误差改正研究,对改进PPP数据处理策略具有重要的参考价值。本文利用分布在不同地理纬度的5个IGS跟踪站3天的观测数据,对比分析了电离层延迟二阶项、三阶项对GPS观测值精度及静态PPP定位精度的影响。分析结果表明,电离层延迟二阶项、三阶项对GPS观测值精度的影响分别为cm级和mm级,对低纬度地区PPP定位精度的影响大于3 mm,但对中高纬度的测站观测值、定位精度的影响比低纬度地区小很多。      

The application of GPS precise point positioning technology in aerial triangulation

In traditional GPS-supported aerotriangulation, differential GPS (DGPS) positioning technology is used to determine the 3-dimensional coordinates of the perspective centers at exposure time with an accuracy of centimeter to decimeter level. This method can significantly reduce the number of ground control points (GCPs). However, the establishment of GPS reference stations for DGPS positioning is not only labor-intensive and costly, but also increases the implementation difficulty of aerial photography. This paper proposes aerial triangulation supported with GPS precise point positioning (PPP) as a way to avoid the use of the GPS reference stations and simplify the work of aerial photography.Firstly, we present the algorithm for GPS PPP in aerial triangulation applications. Secondly, the error law of the coordinate of perspective centers determined using GPS PPP is analyzed. Thirdly, based on GPS PPP and aerial triangulation software self-developed by the authors, four sets of actual aerial images taken from surveying and mapping projects, different in both terrain and photographic scale, are given as experimental models. The four sets of actual data were taken over a flat region at a scale of 1:2500, a mountainous region at a scale of 1:3000, a high mountainous region at a scale of 1:32000 and an upland region at a scale of 1:60000 respectively. In these experiments, the GPS PPP results were compared with results obtained through DGPS positioning and traditional bundle block adjustment. In this way, the empirical positioning accuracy of GPS PPP in aerial triangulation can be estimated. Finally, the results of bundle block adjustment with airborne GPS controls from GPS PPP are analyzed in detail.The empirical results show that GPS PPP applied in aerial triangulation has a systematic error of half-meter level and a stochastic error within a few decimeters. However, if a suitable adjustment solution is adopted, the systematic error can be eliminated in GPS-supported bundle block adjustment. When four full GCPs are emplaced in the corners of the adjustment block, then the systematic error is compensated using a set of independent unknown parameters for each strip, the final result of the bundle block adjustment with airborne GPS controls from PPP is the same as that of bundle block adjustment with airborne GPS controls from DGPS. Although the accuracy of the former is a little lower than that of traditional bundle block adjustment with dense GCPs, it can still satisfy the accuracy requirement of photogrammetric point determination for topographic mapping at many scales.     

傅里叶级数拟合LEO轨道误差下的BDS/GPS/LEO 精密单点定位

针对目前多数低轨道地球卫星(LEO)设计处于初步论证阶段,LEO轨道无法精确获取,轨道误差难以准确表述的问题,提出了一种傅里叶级数拟合LEO轨道误差下的BDS/GPS/LEO 精密单点定位(PPP)分析方法. 该方法根据LEO精密定轨后的轨道误差呈现准周期正弦特性,利用傅里叶级数拟合LEO轨道误差,并仿真生成LEO观测数据和星历产品,分析了LEO轨道误差对BDS/GPS/LEO PPP精度与收敛时间影响. 仿真结果表明:BDS/GPS/LEO PPP定位误差随着LEO轨道误差的增加而逐渐增大,但与测站纬度和LEO星座构型无明显关联. 且为保证全球区域BDS/GPS/LEO PPP收敛时间均短于BDS/GPS PPP收敛时间,引入6×10、12×10、18×10 LEO星座后,其LEO轨道误差均方根(RMS)应小于5 cm、11 cm、12 cm.      

GPS技术在大气探测中的应用

介绍了GPS遥感大气水汽含量技术的类型、实时GPS遥感水汽技术的研究现状以及地基GPS大气探测的基本原理。提出了用非差精密单点定位模式进行实时GPS遥感水汽探测的基本构想和需要解决的关键问题,并对非差精密单点定位的主要误差源进行了简要分析和评述。     

Equivalence of network-solution and PPP-solution

The technique of precise point positioning (PPP) is gradually becoming a popular method in GPS data-processing. In GPS observation equation, the unknown parameters can be separated into two parts: global parameters and local parameters. The global parameters include orbit, satellite clock and geodynamic parameters. The local parameters are site-occupation-spectific, such as position, tropospheric delay, etc. The formulas of local parameters are firstly derived under the network-solution and the PPP-solution conditions respectively. If the weight matrix of global parameters in PPP-solution is small enough, the cofactor matrices of local parameters are the same as that in network-solution. Then, 16 daily solutions are obtained in both PPP mode and network mode. Three sites are selected to compare the solutions. The experimental results demonstrated that the difference between two solutions in coordinates and tropospheric delays are only few millimeters. This level of difference can be neglected so that the solutions from both PPP mode and network mode can be taken as the same in the actual application.     

Integrating GPS and GLONASS to accelerate convergence and initialization times of precise point positioning

The main challenge of dual-frequency precise point positioning (PPP) is that it requires about 30 min to obtain centimeter-level accuracy or to succeed in the first ambiguity-fixing. Currently, PPP is generally conducted with GPS only using the ionosphere-free combination. We adopt a single-differenced (SD) between-satellite PPP model to combine the GPS and GLONASS raw dual-frequency carrier phase measurements, in which the GPS satellite with the highest elevation is selected as the reference satellite to form the SD between-satellite measurements. We use a 7-day data set from 178 IGS stations to investigate the contribution of GLONASS observations to both ambiguity-float and ambiguity-fixed SD PPP solutions, in both kinematic and static modes. In ambiguity-fixed PPP, we only attempt to fix GPS integer ambiguities, leaving GLONASS ambiguities as float values. Numerous experimental results show that PPP with GLONASS and GPS requires much less convergence time than that of PPP with GPS alone. For ambiguity-float PPP, the average convergence time can be reduced by 45.9 % from 22.9 to 12.4 min in static mode and by 57.9 % from 40.6 to 17.7 min in kinematic mode, respectively. For ambiguity-fixed PPP, the average time to the first-fixed solution can be reduced by 27.4 % from 21.6 to 15.7 min in static mode and by 42.0 % from 34.4 to 20.0 min in kinematic mode, respectively. Experimental results also show that the less the GPS satellites are used in float PPP, the more significant is the reduction in convergence time when adding GLONASS observations. In addition, on average, more than 4 GLONASS satellites can be observed for most 2-h observation sessions. Nearly, the same improvement in convergence time reduction is achieved for those observations.     

High-rate precise point positioning (PPP) to measure seismic wave motions: an experimental comparison of GPS PPP with inertial measurement units

High-rate GPS has been widely used to construct displacement waveforms and to invert for source parameters of earthquakes. Almost all works on internal and external evaluation of high-rate GPS accuracy are based on GPS relative positioning. We build an experimental platform to externally evaluate the accuracy of 50-Hz PPP displacement waveforms. Since the shake table allows motion in any of six degrees of freedom, we install an inertial measurement unit (IMU) to measure the attitude of the platform and transform the IMU displacements into the GPS coordinate system. The experimental results have shown that high-rate PPP can produce absolute horizontal displacement waveforms at the accuracy of 2–4 mm and absolute vertical displacement waveforms at the sub-centimeter level of accuracy within a short period of time. The significance of the experiments indicates that high-rate PPP is capable of detecting absolute seismic displacement waveforms at the same high accuracy as GPS relative positioning techniques, but requires no fixed datum station. We have also found a small scaling error of IMU and a small time offset of misalignment between high-rate PPP and IMU displacement waveforms by comparing the amplitudes of and cross-correlating both the displacement waveforms.     

CHAMP卫星的纯几何定轨及动力平滑中的动力模型补偿研究

探讨了利用CHAMP卫星星载GPS数据实现纯几何PPP定轨的方法 ,对该几何轨道的动力平滑过程进行了分析 ,提出了增加非参数项吸收动力模型误差的半参数动力平滑方法。