南极格罗夫山普通球粒陨石的岩石学和矿物学特征及分类

从南极格罗夫山地区回收的11个陨石均具有球粒结构,确定为普通球粒陨石。研究了这些陨石的岩相学特征和矿物化学特征,进行了化学群-岩石类型的划分。结果表明,在所研究的11个普通球粒陨石中,4个为H群,6个为L群,1个为LL群。其中GRV 020010（LL3）和GRV 021481（H3）的两个陨石是稀少的、在我国尚末见过的非平衡普通球粒陨石。进行了陨石磁化率的测试,初步探讨了磁化率在陨石化学群分类中的作用。     

我国南极陨石研究与展望

继1998～2000年我国第15、16次南极科考队在南极格罗夫山发现32块陨石之后，2002～2003年第19次科考队成立了以回收陨石为中心任务的格罗夫山综合考察分队，在同一地区成功回收4448块陨石。我国的南极陨石回收工作不但实现了零的突破，而且成为继日本和美国之后拥有南极陨石数量最多的国家之一。通过对第15、16次队回收的32块陨石以及第19次队4448块陨石中的38块代表性样品的化学一岩石类型划分工作,除平衡型普通球粒陨石外，发现了2块火星陨石、2块橄辉无球粒陨石、6块非平衡L3型陨石、4块碳质球粒陨石和1块非平衡型顽辉石球粒陨石等特殊类型陨石。本文主要介绍了南极陨石的回收和研究进展，以及我国在南极格罗夫山回收陨石的情况和已取得的初步研究成果。同时对我国今后的陨石回收与研究工作提出初步设想。     

南极格罗夫山6块非平衡型普通球粒陨石的矿物-岩石学特征

主要报导了南极格罗夫山新回收的6块非平衡型普通球粒陨石的岩石学和矿物化学特征.它们都保存了原始的矿物-岩石学特征,包括非常清晰的球粒结构、基质不透明、橄榄石和低钙辉石颗粒具有明显的成分环带、以及颗粒之间极不均匀的化学组成等.这6块陨石包括3块高铁群(H3)和3块低铁群(L3)群.根据非平衡型普通球粒陨石中橄榄石成分Fa变化的PMD(相对标准偏差)值与陨石热变质程度的相关性,进一步划分岩石类型亚类:CRV 020016为H3.7型、GRV 020162为H3.5型、GRV 020166为H3.4型、GRV 020106为L3.7型、GRV 020164为L3.7型、GRV 020165为L3.7型.全部6块陨石的冲击变质程度很低,为S1-S2;样品比较新鲜,风化作用划分为W1-W2.     

南极格罗夫山陨石GRV 020043—一个特殊的E/H过渡型球粒陨石

南极格罗夫山陨石GRV 020043是一块特殊的球粒陨石,虽与普通球粒陨石有着相似的矿物组合,但矿物成分超出普通球粒陨石范围.主要矿物组合及其模式含量(vol%)是:斜方辉石40、橄榄石24、透辉石8、斜长石10、 Fe-Ni合金14、陨硫铁4 vol%、及少量铬铁矿和磷灰石.主要组成矿物成分均一,如斜方辉石(Fs10...     

6块新回收沙漠陨石的矿物岩石学特征及类型划分

干旱沙漠地区与南极冰盖均有利于陨石样品保存。2013年4-5月,通过首次新疆哈密沙漠陨石考察,回收了陨石样品47块。文中报导其中6块样品的矿物岩石学特征,并划分它们的化学岩石类型。Arlatager004、006、0014、0022和TuzLeik001等5块样品主要由橄榄石、辉石、长石、铁镍金属和陨硫铁组成,具有典型的普通球粒陨石岩石结构特征,其球粒结构不明显,表明经历过较强的热变质,岩石类型划分为5型;根据样品中橄榄石Fa值,低钙辉石Fs值和样品的金属含量等,将Arlatager004、006、0014、0022划分为L5型普通球粒陨石;TuzLeik001划分为H5型普通球粒陨石。Kumtag005具有典型的球粒结构,结合橄榄石Fa值和低钙辉石Fs值以及岩石学特征,将其划分为L3型普通球粒陨石。根据橄榄石Fa值与其百分标准平均方差(PMD)之间的关系,将Kumtag005的岩石类型亚型划分为L 3.4。这6块样品代表了3个化学群,结合该地区回收到的其他陨石分析结果,表明新疆哈密沙漠是一个新的陨石富集区,这些沙漠陨石的发现和研究,必将极大促进中国陨石学和天体化学的发展。     

我国南极陨石研究的新进展

近年来,因在南极发现了大量的陨石样品,我国天体化学和陨石学研究得到了快速发展,并取得了一系列可喜的成果,如:①在南极已收集了近万块南极陨石样品,使我国已成为南极陨石拥有大国;②大量的陨石发现和研究成果表明格罗夫山地区为我国发现的新的陨石富集区,填补了我国在南极陨石领域的空白;③发现了许多我国奇缺的陨石类型,如火星陨石、CR型碳质球粒陨石等;④开展了较深入的CAI研究等.这些都将为我国天体化学和比较行星学的发展展示广阔的前景.提出了一些南极陨石研究工作中存在的问题和今后的工作方向.     

10块新疆哈密沙漠陨石的类型及其岩石矿物学特征

沙漠是除南极地区之外的另一陨石样品的主要来源地。我国拥有面积辽阔的沙漠,为陨石的收集提供了有利的地理条件。2013年5月,在首次新疆库姆塔格沙漠陨石考察中,发现并收集到46块陨石样品,确定了3个陨石富集区:Hami、Alatage Mountain(AM)和Kumtag。对其中的10块代表性陨石样品进行了矿物岩石学研究,在此基础上确定了它们的化学群、岩石类型、冲击变质程度和风化程度。10块库姆塔格陨石均为普通球粒陨石,其中1块样品Kumtag014(Fa摩尔百分比为9.1~48.3,相对标准偏差PMD为51.0;Fs摩尔百分比为2.8~30.3,PMD为54.2)属于非平衡型L群。依据橄榄石Fa的PMD将其进一步划分为3.4亚型,属于相当原始的球粒陨石样品。另外9块经历了明显的热变质作用,为5型普通球粒陨石,包括7块L群(Fa22.6~25.9,Fs 17.6~21.4)和2块H群(Fa 18.2~20.8,Fs 16.0~17.8)。这些陨石的冲击变质程度:5块S3型,4块S2型,1块S1型;风化程度:3块W1型,6块W2型,1块W3型。     

风化作用对普通球粒陨石物理性质的影响

陨石的物理性质在陨石母体的演化过程中起到了重要作用。地球上的风化作用也会对陨石的一些物理性质造成显著影响。为了探讨风化对普通球粒陨石物理性质的影响,本文以库姆塔格普通球粒陨石为研究对象,使用密度仪、磁化率仪、热导仪、分光光度计等测量了其不同部位的物质性质,如颗粒密度,体积密度、孔隙度、磁化率、热导率、反射光谱强度等。研究结果表明:H型普通球粒陨石的颗粒密度、孔隙度、磁化率以及反射光谱强度会随着风化程度的加深而降低,而热导率和体密度受风化作用的影响相对较小。     

我国普通球粒陨石岩石学,化学组成及分类的研究

对69个普通球粒陨石进行了岩石学及化学组成的研究,在此基础上提出橄榄石成分(mol％Fa)-铁纹石中钴含量两维分类参数,69个球粒陨石包括25个H、20个L、17个LL、2个介于H与L之间及5个介于L与LL之间的类型。根据矿物学的分类参数及化学组成的研究,普通球粒陨石母体至少有5个,即H、H/L、L、L/LL及LL,而不是3个(H、L及LL)。每群球粒陨石的不同岩石类型之间化学成分无重大的变化,表明球粒陨石的变质作用是在封闭体系的条件下发生的。本文给出了普通球粒陨石不同化学群和不同岩石类型的平均化学成分。     

我国新近降落陨石和地球岩石的反射谱研究

本文通过我国新近降落的几块普通球粒陨石、顽火辉石球粒陨石、新疆铁陨石和某些地球岩石的粉末样的反测谱测定,可以看出,随着陨石中Fe~o/Fe_t值增加,球粒陨石的近紫外、可见光和近红外光谱反射率强度,依LL—L—H—E顺序递减,吸收带趋于平缓。同一化学群的陨石,变质程度越高吸收谷越深。而地球火成岩反射谱,则依酸性、基性和超基性逐渐显示出H群球粒陨石的反射谱型。 各类陨石的反射谱特征,可用来判定行星表面和某些小行星的物质组成。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of