湖北广水蔡家河地区混合岩研究

在详细的野外工作及室内工作的基础上,研究了湖北广水蔡家河地区较为广泛分布的条带状混合岩的成因。 本区条带状混合岩主要分布于桐柏造山带根部的桐柏杂岩内的表壳岩系中。表壳岩系在工作区主要分布于杨家西湾及曾家老门,由5大类岩石组成:大理岩、磁铁石英岩、绿帘石英岩、斜长角闪岩、混合岩化黑云斜长片麻岩。表壳岩系早期经历了区域性混合岩化,后期随元古代及中生代花岗岩侵入还分别发生了边缘混合岩化作用。在杨家西湾混合岩化作用由南西向北东逐渐增强,在曾家老门混合岩化作用较为均一.条带状黑云斜长片麻岩基体的岩石类型为:黑云斜长片麻岩、角闪黑云斜长片麻岩、角闪斜长片麻岩、黑云角闪斜长片麻岩、黑云二长片麻岩、绿帘黑云斜长片麻岩。脉体的岩石类型有:石英岩、富石英花岗岩、石英闪长岩、闪长岩、英云间长岩、花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩、花岗伟晶岩。条带状混合片麻岩的主要矿物为黑云母、角闪石、绿帘石、斜长石,它们均未因母岩的不同及是否经历了混合岩化作用而显示成分的显著差。基体中的斜长石牌号较脉体中的斜长石牌号稍高,但彼此有重叠。本区斜长石延性系数分布型式相似,没有指示出热液中心.条带状混合岩中发育着极为丰富的变晶结构和     

北山北亚带干河梁岩体地质特征

干河梁岩体是中酸性复式岩体,不同岩石类型之间接触关系清楚,由早到晚其侵位顺序为石英闪长岩→英云闪长岩→花岗闪长岩→斑状二长花岗岩→黑云二长花岗岩→钾长花岗岩。岩石地球化学资料表明,该岩体与碰撞后型花岗岩相似。依据同位素测年结果,确定其侵位时代为晚古生代晚期。     

西藏冈底斯带昂仁县差绒—丁欧复式花岗岩的成因：锆石U-Pb年代学及地球化学制约

西藏冈底斯带昂仁县措迈乡差绒—丁欧复式花岗岩岩石类型为石英闪长岩、黑云二长花岗岩和二长花岗岩,各侵入体之间为突变接触关系,闪长岩U- Pb同位素年龄为155.4±2.7Ma;黑云二长花岗岩U- Pb同位素年龄为152.0±13Ma、153.96±0.92Ma,时代均为晚侏罗世。岩石地球化学显示三者均为高钾钙碱性系列岩石,石英闪长岩为弱铝质―准铝质;黑云二长花岗岩和二长花岗岩则为准铝质—过铝质。黑云二长花岗岩和二长花岗岩相比石英闪长岩表现为富硅、富碱、贫Ca、Ti、Mg,轻稀土元素更富集,轻稀土分馏程度更高,分异更加明显的特点,微量元素二长花岗岩Ba、Sr、P、Ti亏损最为明显,黑云二长花岗岩的Rb、Th、K富集最为明显,石英闪长岩相比黑云二长花岗岩和二长花岗岩的Rb/Sr（0.18~0.46）、Rb/Ba值（0.13~0.26）最低,指示其分异演化程度较低。差绒—丁欧花岗岩应是同时代不同期次侵入的复式岩体,早期为I型的石英闪长岩和黑云二长花岗岩,晚期为S型二长花岗岩,该复式岩体并非产出于单一的俯冲环境,二长花岗岩可能为弧陆碰撞时的产物。     

西藏拉萨曲水花岗岩类岩基中的包体

在西藏南部冈底斯岩带的花岗岩类岩石中经常可以看到一些形态各异的包体。特别是在拉萨曲水岩基中,在拉(萨)曲(水)公路的30公里附近地段,以及拉萨河东岸的似斑状石英二长岩和似斑状石英二长闪长岩中的包体尤其引人注目。一、包体地质和岩石学曲水岩基为一多期花岗岩类组成的复式岩基,其岩相主要为花岗闪长岩、似斑状石英二长岩、石英二长闪长岩、石英闪长岩、角闪石花岗岩和辉长岩、辉长闪长岩等(金成伟、许荣华,1984)。曲水花岗岩类岩基,侵入于晚三叠到早侏罗世的由中基性火山岩、板岩和灰岩组成的一套沉积火山岩系中。围岩遭大理岩     

藏南泽当岛弧花岗岩成因限定——来自角闪石岩锆石U-Pb、地球化学和Sr-Nd同位素的证据

泽当岛弧位于藏南乃东县境内,主要由英云闪长岩、花岗闪长岩、奥长花岗岩和角闪石岩组成,是晚侏罗世洋壳俯冲的产物。本文对该地区出露的角闪石岩开展了野外地质调查,通过室内SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年、全岩地球化学和Sr-Nd同位素等研究,探讨了泽当角闪石岩的成因、源区及其与花岗岩的成因关系,获得以下认识:角闪石岩成岩年龄为159.1±7.2 Ma;角闪石岩具有较低Sr含量、较高的Y含量和较低的Sr/Y值,富集MREE;角闪石岩与花岗岩Sr-Nd同位素特征一致,角闪石岩~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr (t)值(0.704 0～0.704 5)较低,εNd (t)值变化范围为+5.5～+6.1。结合前人研究认为,泽当岛弧的英云闪长岩、花岗闪长岩、奥长花岗岩和角闪石岩均来自地幔楔部分熔融作用。英云闪长岩为相对原始的岩浆,在角闪石分离结晶作用未结束前,先从岩浆房中分离出来;残余岩浆继续发生角闪石分离结晶作用,导致Sr/Y值进一步升高和Cr、Ni、MREE含量进一步降低。因此,角闪石的分离结晶作用是泽当岛弧高Sr/Y花岗岩形成的关键因素。     

西天山西段乌什布拉克岩体特征及其形成意义

西天山西段特克斯地区乌什布拉克岩体,总体呈东西向椭圆状,面积约51.2km2。按岩石谱系单位划分为:一单元中粒黑云英云闪长岩、二单元中粒含黑云花岗闪长岩和三单元中细粒含黑云二长花岗岩,合并为———乌什布拉克序列。同位素测年(单颗粒锆石U-Pb)为296±31Ma。它们在岩石学、岩石化学、地球化学特征上具有明显的同源岩浆演化的特征。地球化学特征显示具有后碰撞花岗岩的特征,表明在晚石炭世西天山已进入陆内拉张演化阶段。     

秘鲁南部阿雷基帕段海岸岩基带找矿方向探讨

通过详细的岩相学和锆石U-Pb年龄的研究,秘鲁海岸岩基带阿雷基帕段的填图工作得到了补充,该岩基带岩浆活动可分为7个阶段和4个旋回,各阶段都显示出不同的岩浆容量,其地貌主要表现为岩基和岩脉。旋回Ⅰ和旋回Ⅱ代表侏罗纪岩浆活动阶段（201~145Ma）,岩浆分异为辉长岩到花岗岩;旋回Ⅲ和旋回Ⅳ代表白垩纪岩浆,岩浆分异为英云闪长岩-二长花岗岩、闪长岩与花岗闪长岩及英云闪长岩-花岗闪长岩。对角闪石和黑云母矿物晶体的数量关系研究表明,旋回Ⅰ的侵入岩有大量辉石和角闪石结晶,并伴随金-铁成矿作用;旋回Ⅱ有大量的群集角闪石晶体和呈定向排列或群集的六边形黑云母,且伴随铜-金-铁成矿作用;旋回Ⅲ侵入岩内发育角闪石和黑云母,伴随着金-铜和铁成矿作用;旋回Ⅳ发育大量角闪石和六边形黑云母,岩石更偏长英质,并伴随铜-锌-金-银-铁和铜-金-钼成矿作用。     

秘鲁南部阿雷基帕段海岸岩基带找矿方向探讨（英文）

通过详细的岩相学和锆石U-Pb年龄的研究,秘鲁海岸岩基带阿雷基帕段的填图工作得到了补充,该岩基带岩浆活动可分为7个阶段和4个旋回,各阶段都显示出不同的岩浆容量,其地貌主要表现为岩基和岩脉。旋回Ⅰ和旋回Ⅱ代表侏罗纪岩浆活动阶段(201~145Ma),岩浆分异为辉长岩到花岗岩;旋回Ⅲ和旋回Ⅳ代表白垩纪岩浆,岩浆分异为英云闪长岩-二长花岗岩、闪长岩与花岗闪长岩及英云闪长岩-花岗闪长岩。对角闪石和黑云母矿物晶体的数量关系研究表明,旋回Ⅰ的侵入岩有大量辉石和角闪石结晶,并伴随金-铁成矿作用;旋回Ⅱ有大量的群集角闪石晶体和呈定向排列或群集的六边形黑云母,且伴随铜-金-铁成矿作用;旋回Ⅲ侵入岩内发育角闪石和黑云母,伴随着金-铜和铁成矿作用;旋回Ⅳ发育大量角闪石和六边形黑云母,岩石更偏长英质,并伴随铜-锌-金-银-铁和铜-金-钼成矿作用。     

西藏冈底斯带中段以东得明顶地区晚白垩世花岗岩类锆石U-Pb年代学和地球化学证据

得明顶地区花岗岩位于西藏冈底斯火山岩浆弧中段以东,主要岩石类型有:石英闪长岩、石英二长闪长岩、英云闪长岩、黑云花岗闪长岩、斑状黑云二长花岗岩,岩石具钙碱性特征,w(SiO2)在57.19%～71.78%之间,K2O/Na2O=0.39～0.98,相对富钠,A/CNK=0.80～1.02,Al2O3变化于13.64%～18.74%之间,为准铝质岩石,花岗岩体稀土元素总量ΣREE变化于94.69×10-6～227.28×10-6之间;轻稀土元素富集,负Eu异常由不明显到明显,富K,Rb,Ba,Th等大离子亲石元素和亏损Nb,Y,Yb等高场强元素为特征。岩石学和岩石地球化学研究表明,该时期的花岗岩有由中性向酸性演化的规律,为同源岩浆,具俯冲I型花岗岩的特点,形成于板块俯冲下的岛弧环境。冈底斯岩带中东段雪拉岩体花岗闪长岩锆石的SHRIMPU-Pb年龄为70.4Ma±2.2Ma,表明冈底斯岩浆弧带在白垩世从早到晚岩浆均在剧烈地活动,是新特提斯洋向北俯冲作用的产物。     

西藏克鲁-冲木达矿集区晚白垩世花岗岩类地质地球化学特征及成矿潜力浅析

克鲁-冲木达矿集区位于西藏南部扎囊-桑日之间.通过对其晚白垩世花岗岩类岩石学、地球化学特征、形成的大地构造环境以及成矿专属性等的综合研究得出以下两点认识:(1)晚白垩世花岗岩类的岩石组合为闪长岩、石英闪长岩和二长花岗岩,为准铝质高钾钙碱性Ⅰ型花岗岩,具弱的斜长石分异结晶,富集Th、Sr等元素,亏损Ba、Nb等元素,形成于造山带环境,是角闪岩部分熔融的产物;(2)晚白垩世花岗岩类成矿作用主要集中在似斑状黑云二长花岗岩和黑云二长花岗岩阶段,部分闪长岩和石英闪长岩岩体中也含矿,主要的矿化表现为Cu、Pb-Zn和Mo的组合.     

酸性岩的变质相

在沸石相变质条件下,花岗岩里浊沸石交代了斜长石和石英,在酸性火山岩里产生明矾石、埃洛石或高岭石。经受绿纤石-葡萄石相变质的花岗岩,其中黑云母变为钙铝榴石、帘石、绿纤石和葡萄石集合体,同时斜长石发生绢云母化。绿片岩相内酸性岩的浅色矿物有石英、微斜长石、钠长石和绿帘石,暗色矿物有绿泥石和黑云母。在角闪岩相变质的酸性岩中,开始出现中、基性斜长石,其中暗色矿物黑云母的镁铁比值要大于角闪石的镁铁比值。经受麻粒岩相变质后,紫苏花岗岩的矿物组成没有变化,但有铀、钍和钾的迁出。     

洛宁花山岩体地球化学特征及成因的探讨

出露在河南省洛宁县境内的花山花岗岩复式岩体从早到晚依次划分为似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩，似斑状黑云母角闲石英二长岩，中细粒角闪黑云母二长花岗岩三个阶段。本文简要叙述了花山岩体各阶段岩石的地球化学特征，并结合已有基础地质、同位素资料，探讨了花山岩体的成因机制。结果表明，花山岩体属Ｉ型花岗岩类，为大陆板块内部的同熔型花岗岩，形成花山岩体的岩浆来源于混有地幔物质的太华群地层。     

通化地区古元古代晚期花岗质岩浆作用与地壳演化

广泛出露于华北板块东部辽吉地区的古元古代变质杂岩,多年来一直被认为是古老的陆内裂谷作用的产物,我们通过详细的野外地质调查工作发现,该变质杂岩中以往所划定的混合岩实际是不同变质程度和变形特征的岩浆成因花岗岩岩体,其岩石类型除典型的片麻状角闪正长花岗岩（俗称“条痕状花岗岩”或“辽吉花岗岩”）外,另有片麻状石英闪长岩、巨斑状黑云母二长花岗岩、巨斑状一环斑状舍石榴石花岗岩和角闪辉石正长岩等、,应用SHRIMP技术,本文对片麻状石英闪长岩和巨斑状一环斑状含石榴石花岗岩进行了结石U—Pb同位素年龄测定,结果显示它们的侵位时代为1872～1850Ma,与巨癍状黑云母二长花岗岩和角闪辉石正长杂岩侵位时代相近,岩石学一地球化学特征显示片麻状石英闪长岩是“Ⅰ”型花岗岩,具有岛弧型花岗岩地球化学特征;而巨斑状一环斑状含石榴石花岗岩（局部具有球斑状结构）属“S”型花岗岩结合区内与花岗岩形成同时发生的变质作用P—T特征,这种I-、S-和A-型花岗岩的同时产出,反映他们可能形成于造山后构造背景,结合朝鲜狼林一中国辽南和龙岗太古宙陆块的结晶基底差别,可以认定华北板块在太古宙末期并非仅由东、西部陆块组成,在东部陆块至少还存在朝鲜狼林-辽南-胶东联合陆块和龙岗-鲁西-五准陆块两个微陆块,这两个微陆块大约在1．90Ga左右发生拼合,然后它们再于1．85Ga左右与西部地块拼合     

Geochemical characteristics and origin of the Neoproterozoic high-K calc-alkaline granitoids in the northern part of Mandara hills,northeastern Nigeria

The high-K calc-alkaline granitoids in the northern part of the Mandara Hills are part of the well-exposed post-collisional plutons in northeastern Nigeria. The calc-alkaline rock association consists of quartz monzodiorite, hornblende biotite granite, biotite granites and aplite which intruded the older basement consisting mainly of low-lying migmatitic gneisses and amphibolites during the Neoproterozoic Pan-African Orogeny. Petrological and geochemical studies have revealed the presence of hornblende, iron oxide, and metaluminous to slightly peraluminous characteristics in the granitoids which is typical of I-type granite. The granitoids are also depleted in some high field strength elements (e.g. Nb and Ta) as well as Ti. Plots of Mg# versus SiO₂ indicate that the granite was derived from partial melting of crustal sources. Lithospheric delamination at the waning stage of the Pan-African Orogeny possibly triggered upwelling of hot mafic magma from the mantle which underplated the lower crust. This, in turn, caused partial melting and magma generation at the lower to middle-crustal level. However, the peculiar geochemical characteristics of the quartz monzodiorite especially the enrichment in compatible elements such as MgO, Cr, and Ni, as well as LILE element (e.g. K, Ce, Cs, Ba, and Sr), signify that the rock formed from an enriched upper mantle source. The emplacement of high-K granites in the Madara Hill, therefore, marked an important episode of crustal reworking during the Neoproterozoic. However, further isotopic work is needed to confirm this model.

     

青藏高原西部喜马拉雅期花岗岩类特征及岩石系列

青藏高原西部喜马拉雅期花岗岩类岩石组合为透辉石正长岩－透辉石花岗岩－黑云母（二长）花岗岩,主要造岩矿物有钾长石、斜长石、石英、黑云母、透辉石和角闪石。岩石化学成分富碱、高钾、Ｋ２Ｏ／Ｎａ２Ｏ比值大,微量元素富集Ｒｂ,Ｓｒ、Ｂａ、Ｔｈ、Ｕ和ＬＲＥＥ,Ｓｒ、Ｎｄ同位素组成具有幔源特征,岩石属于钾玄岩（ｓｈｏｓｈｏｎｉｔｅ）系列。     

The Pikes Peak batholith,Colorado front range,and a model for the origin of the gabbro—anorthosite—syenite—potassic granite suite

This study of the Pikes Peak batholith includes the mineralogy and petrology of quartz syenite at West Creek and of fayalite-bearing and fayalite-free biotite granite near Mount Rosa; major element chemistry of the batholith; comparisons with similar postorogenic, intracratonic, sodic to potassic intrusives; and genesis of the batholith.The batholith is elongate in plan, 50 by 100 km, composite, and generally subalkalic. It was emplaced at shallow depth 1,040 m. y. ago, sharply transects its walls and may have breached its roof. Biotite granite and biotite—hornblende granite are predominant; quartz syenite, fayalite granite and riebeckite granite are present in minor amounts.Fayalite-bearing and fayalite-free quartz syenite, fayalite-biotite granite and riebeckite granite show a well-defined sodic differentiation trend; the less sodic fayalite-free granites exhibit a broader compositional range and no sharp trends.Crystallization was largely at P_H2O < P_total; P_H2O approached P_total only at late stages. Aplite residual to fayalite-free biotite granite in the north formed at about 1,500 bars, or 5 km depth. Feldspar assemblages indicate late stages of crystallization at about 720°C. In the south ilmenite and manganian fayalite indicate f_O2 of 10^?17 or 10^?18 bars. Biotite and fayalite compositions and the ‘granite minimum’ imply completion of crystallization at about 700°C and 1,500 bars. Nearby fayalite-free biotite granite crystallized at higher water fugacity.All types of syenite and granite contain 5–6% K₂O through a range of SiO₂ of 63–76%. Average Na₂O percentages in quartz syenite are 6.2, fayalite granite 4.2, and fayalite-free granite 3.3 MgO contents are low, 0.03–0.4%; FeO averages 1.9–2.5%. FeO/Fe₂O₃ ratios are high. Fluorine ranges from 0.3 to 0.6%.The Pikes Peak intrusives are similar in mode of emplacement, composition, and probably genesis to rapakivi intrusives of Finland, the Younger Granites of Nigeria, Cape Ann Granite and Beverly Syenite, Mass., and syenite of Kungnat, Greenland, among others — allowing for different levels of erosion. A suite that includes gabbro or basalt, anorthosite, quartz syenite, fayalite granite, riebeckite granite, and biotite and/or hornblende granites is of worldwide occurrence.A model is proposed in which mantle-derived, convecting alkali olivine basaltic magma first reacts with K₂O-poor lower crust of granulite facies to produce magma of quartz syenitic composition. The syenitic liquid in turn reacts with granodioritic to granitic intermediate crust of amphibolite facies to produce the predominant fayalite-free biotite and biotite-hornblende granites of the batholith. This reaction of magma and roof involves both partial melting and the reconstitution and precipitation of refractory phases, as Bowen proposed. Intermediate liquids include MgO-depleted and Na₂O-enriched gabbro, which precipitated anorthosite, and alkali diorite. The heat source is the basaltic magma; the heat required for partial melting of the roof is supplied largely by heats of crystallization of phases that settle out of the liquid — mostly olivine, clinopyroxene and plagioclase.     

Geology, geochemistry and origin of the banded and granite gneisses in the basement complex of the Ilesha area, southwestern Nigeria

The basement complex in the Ilesha area consists of two distinct units — the gneisses and the schists. The Ilesha Schist Belt is a back-arc basin where there has been a subduction of an ocean slab into the mantle. This was followed by partial melting of mantle and ocean sediments to generate a wet basaltic magma, as revealed by spidergrams and REE fractionation patterns for the rocks in this belt. In this environment, differentiation of the wet basaltic magma led to the emplacement of a set of rocks, which formed a proto-continent. These rocks were then eroded to generate a sedimentary sequence which was metamorphosed into banded gneiss from which the granite gneisses were derived. The banded gneiss, characterised by alternation of felsic and mafic bands, is composed of medium to very coarse plagioclase, hornblende, quartz and biotite. The granite gneiss, composed of biotite, K--feldspars, quartz and minor garnet, occurs in close association with the banded gneiss.Chemical evidence revealed that elements that are depleted in the banded gneiss are concentrated in the granite gneiss and vice-versa; suggesting a petrogenetic link between these rocks.The schists were deposited as sediments composed of quartz, muscovite, biotite and Fe oxides. These sediments were metamorphosed to form quartzite schists which were folded into the gneisses. After the emplacement of these rocks, there was transpressive tectonic activity in this schist belt, causing deformation of these rocks, and emplacement of the northeast-southwest Ifewara-Zungeru Fault System, which separates the Ilesha Schist Belt into two halves.     

Geochemical aspects of the evolution and mineralization of the Amo Younger Granite Complex (northern Nigeria)

The Amo Complex forms one of the prominent ring intrusions in the Jos Plateau and it is lithologically composed of granite porphyry, riebeckite biotite granite, hornblende biotite granite and later intrusives of biotite granite. There are also small intrusions of albite riebeckite granite and albite biotite granite.

Major-element compositions of the principal rock units do not show significant differences. Comparison of the variations found in the granites with results of laboratory studies suggest either that water vapor and volatile transfer were important in the local magma series or at least they accompanied other systematic variations.

Trace-element associations vary; anomalous enrichments of Rb, Li, F, U, Th, Zr, Nb and HREE occur over mildly peralkaline riebeckite biotite granite, peralkaline albite riebeckite granite and albite biotite granite with peralkaline tendency, in contrast to their peraluminous equivalents. These cannot be explained by crystal-liquid fractionation processes and require the evolution of a Na-enriched fluid.

It is suggested that in the albite riebeckite granite and the albite biotite granite the combined effect of F, Li and Rb along with other volatiles may have led to a lower crystallization temperature such that two separate alkali feldspars (albite and microcline) crystallized individually.

Cassiterite and columbite mineralization occur mainly as magmatic disseminations within the terminal phases of the biotite granites and albite biotite granite. Diffused greisenization in association with quartz veins also carry cassiterite mineralization in the Tega and Timber Creek biotite granite phases. Although the magma may have supplied the ore elements and F for complexing, actual mineralization appears to be a product of postmagmatic processes.     

苏州富铌钽花岗岩的物质组成及钽的赋存状态研究

苏州富含铌钽花岗岩 (A型 )由富黑云母花岗岩和富钠长石花岗岩组成。主要副矿物为铌钽铁矿、锆石、细晶石、磷钇矿、黄玉和黄铁矿。钽元素主要形成铌钽铁矿系列单矿物 ,少量分散于长石、石英、黑云母、黄铁矿及萤石中     

The Petrology of Moinian Calc-silicate Gneisses from Fannich Forest, and their Significance as Indicators of Metamorphic Grade

Thin strips of calc-silicate gneiss occurring within the Moinianpelites of Fannich Forest were analysed and examined petrologically.They usually consist of zoisite, plagioclase, quartz, calcicalmandine, and hornblende or biotite, and although rich in calcium,are depleted in magnesium and potassium. In some of the rocksstudied, biotite is replacing hornblende, and zoisite is replacingplagioclase, and the timing of these reactions, and the finalstate of equilibrium achieved, is apparently controlled by boththe CaO/Al₂O₂ ratio in the rock, and the metamorphic grade.The reactions observed in the calc-silicates indicate that thefinal metamorphic event in Fannich was retrogressive. Comparisonwith calc-silicates from Morar showing similar retrogressivereactions hints that a widespread retrogressive metamorphicevent may have affected a large area of the Moinian of westernScotland.