两类双结构矩阵的标准型及其应用

给出2类双结构矩阵的标准型。作为应用,还利用新得出的标准型对这2类双结构矩阵特征值问题发展了结构算法,其中对第一类双结构矩阵特征值问题发展了只用实运算的结构算法。     

海洋生物-光学算法研究──南黄海叶绿素浓度的估算

根据1995年9月中日合作南黄海现场观测资料，对南黄海生物一光学算法进行研究。首先对南黄海现场多光谱反射比数据进行因子分析，解反射比协方差矩阵的特征问题；解出特征值和对应的特征向量，求出主因子，然后建立叶绿素a浓度对主因子的多元线性回归方程，并对算法进行回报和预报检验。计算结果表明，该算法具有较高精度，同时也显示出天气条件对估算精度产生较大影响。     

海洋生物-光学算法研究──南黄海叶绿素浓度的估算

根据１９９５年９月中日合作南黄海现场观测资料，对南黄海生物－光学算法进行研究。首先对南黄海现场多光谱反射比数据进行因子分析，解反射比协方差矩阵的特征问题；解出特征值和对应的特征向量，求出主因子，然后建立叶绿素α对主因子的多元线性回归方程，并对算法进行回报和预报检验。计算结果表明，该算法具有较高精度，同时也显示出天气条件对估算精度产生较大影响。     

菲律宾海温跃层的区域性特征及其季节性变化

由于<海洋调查规范>规定的中国近海温跃层计算标准不适用于菲律宾海,本文通过统计分析得出了更合理的计算标准,并应用WOA01数据集对菲律宾海的温跃层进行了计算,得到了主温跃层和季节性跃层特征值的区域性分布和季节性变化.菲律宾海温跃层结构可分为热带型、亚热带型和温带型三个区域类型以及冬季和夏季两种季节性模态,总结了各种类型的典型剖面结构和特征值.应用Argo数据对WOA01数据的计算结果进行了验证,给出了各类型温跃层特征值的误差量级.     

平均大潮高潮面的计算方法与比较

平均大潮高潮面在我国用作海洋测绘净空信息表示的参考面。论证了该特征潮面的定义,扩充了其含义范围,将回归潮高高潮位应用为平均大潮高潮位。分析描述了实测潮位和预报潮位统计计算方法,比较了统计方法与潮汐特征值算法的符合度,计算了平均大潮高潮位与理论最高潮位的比率。基本研究结论是:对规则半日潮和规则日潮海域,统计算法和特征值算法的结果较为一致,而混合潮海域,两种特征潮位之间存在明显差异,平均大潮高潮位计算的相关问题需深入系统论证。     

海洋温跃层特征值的分析与计算

海洋跃层的分析计算是海洋要素值随深度变化的衍生计算,本文基于实际业务化建设经验,不同于以往大量单站温盐观测资料的跃层特征值提取完全由人工分析判断的工作方法,而是将不等距微分法、垂直梯度法和七点二次平滑等算法融合应用到跃层分析工作中,辅以人机交互模式,实现海洋温跃层特征值信息的快速分析计算和产品制作,可大幅缩减人为工作量...     

南极乔治王岛柯林斯冰帽小冰穹冰心地球化学初步研究

通过对南极乔治王岛柯林斯冰帽小冰穹冰心１００个样品的化学分析结果进行Ｒ型因子分析，将主要环境信息归结到四个因子上，解释总变量方差的９９．１７％．Ｆ１因子特征值为３．７７５，解释变量方差的４１．９５％，为Ｋ＋、Ｍｇ２＋、Ｃａ２＋、ＳＯ４２－组合，主要代表了陆源杂质的输入；Ｆ３因子特征值为３．３３８，解释变量方差的３７．０９％，为Ｎａ＋、Ｃｌ－、Ｂｒ－组合，代表了海源杂质的输入；Ｆ２因子特征值为１．０３０，解释变量方差的１１．４４％，代表ＮＨ４＋离子的输入；Ｆ４因子特征值为０．７８２，解释变量方差的８．６９％，代表ＮＯ３－离子的输入。通过考察代表不同环境的各因子的因子得分值随冰心深度的变化趋势，研究了可溶杂质输入随时间的变化关系。     

南极乔治王岛柯斯冰帽小冰穹冰心地球化学初步研究

通过对南极乔治王岛柯林斯冰帽小冰穹冰心１００个样品的分析结果进行Ｒ型因子分析，将主要环境信息归结到四个因子上解释总变量方差的９９．１７％，Ｆ１因子特征值为３．７７５，解释变量方差的４１．９５％，为Ｋ、Ｍｇ＾２＋、Ｃａ＾２＋、ＳＯ４＾２－组合，主要代表了陆源杂质的输入；Ｆ３因子特征值为３．３３８，解释变量方并的３７．０９％，为Ｎａ、Ｃｌ、Ｂｒ组合，代表了海源杂质的输入；Ｆ２因子特征值为１．０３０，解     

计算机辅助配模设计

提出计算机辅助配模系统采用与常规计算机绘图系统相同的硬件配置，可使系统具备良好的图形功能和入机界面；系统流程分＂数据输入＂，＂数据转换＂，＂配模设计＂和＂图形绘制＂四个阶段．墙体以中线数据（Ｔ，Ｌ，Ａｎｇ）定义，在图形环境下以人机交互方式输入墙厚及中线数据；由建筑平面常具备的对称性设计了映射算法以减少输入工作；根据图形变换原理建立了设计参数的简化算法，利用内圈外圈墙体的闭环特性简化墙面属性判别．     

动态测量系统中时间同步问题研究与实践

多传感器动态测量系统中时间严格同步是实现系统实时、准确获取空间目标位置、姿态等信息的关键。围绕解决传感器间数据同步问题，提出针对两台计算机的时间同步方案，制定传感器数据采集方案，提出相应的数据内插算法。综合测试结果表明，提出的方案及算法成功地解决了多传感器动态测量系统中的时间同步问题，系统综合测试精度优于0．05mm，远远高于0．465mm的设计指标。     

海洋环境因素对白冠覆盖率的影响及其数值估算

波浪破碎是一个强非线性过程,破碎时产生的大量气泡在海面上表现为白冠,白冠覆盖率是刻画波浪破碎一个重要参数。研究表明,白冠覆盖率与海上风速、海浪状态和大气稳定度等多种海洋环境因素有关。综合前人的观测数据,本文给出了更为可靠的依赖风速的白冠覆盖率公式,发现海水温度越高,白冠覆盖率越大。提出了以波浪破碎耗散函数为参数的白冠覆盖率公式,同时发现波龄小于某个临界值时,白冠覆盖率随波龄增大,波龄大于临界值时,白冠覆盖率保持不变,该临界值随风速增大而减小。     

Signature extraction from mesoscale surface patterns observed onsynthetic aperture radar imagery

Two techniques for extracting internal wave signature from airborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery are presented. The first technique involves the extraction of a single-scan signature and appropriate for the validation of theoretical models which utilize sea truth from a limited area as input. The second technique involves creating a signature by averaging the results from a number of single scans within the same scene and is appropriate for trend analyses. The utility of both techniques is illustrated using internal wave signatures present in a multifrequency, airborne SAR data set     

Generation of baroclinic wave signatures by moving atmospheric fronts

The paper addresses the plane linear problem on generation of an internal wave in a continuously stratified ocean by a moving atmospheric front. The front exhibits air pressure perturbations, as well as the field of tangential wind stress. In the frame of a model for the planetary atmospheric boundary layer, a relationship between the air pressure and wind fields has been derived, generalizing Ackerbloom's formulae for the case of a moving atmospheric anomaly. Using the Fourier transform, a relation has been obtained for the wave's signature in the wake of a moving atmospheric perturbation, and the respective analysis has been performed. Numerical estimates of the internal wave amplitudes have been acquired for the mean density stratification in the Kuril-Kamchatka region. Comparative analysis of the effectiveness of wave signature generation by the moving areas of surface pressures and tangential wind stresses has been carried out. It has been demonstrated that the latter field determines the effectiveness of baroclinic wave signature generation. Translated by Vladimir A. Puchkin.     

Experimental investigation of the combustive sound source

In this paper, we describe a unique low frequency underwater sound source called the combustive sound source (CSS). In this device, a combustible gas mixture is captured in a combustion chamber and ignited with a spark. The ensuing combustion produces expanding gases which in turn produce high intensity, low frequency acoustic pulses. With high-speed motion pictures of the CSS event, we relate the motion of the bubble to the acoustic waveform. We also compare the measured first bubble period in the CSS pressure signature with the predictions of the Rayleigh-Willis equation, including the dependence of the radiated acoustic waveform on the volume and depth of the bubble. Measurements of the first bubble period agree with Rayleigh-Willis theory in trend, but not in absolute value. In addition, we discuss the variation of the acoustic output with the fuel/oxygen mixture. Finally, several other factors that affect the acoustic output of CSS are discussed. These include the shape of the CSS combustion chamber, the type of oxidizer and fuel, and the ignition source     

蚀化磁特征研究

利用多个电流偶极子表示蚀化磁特征 ,给出了蚀化磁磁场的分析计算方法 ,讨论了海洋分层介质特性对蚀化磁特征的影响 ,探讨利用蚀化磁进行水下探测的可能性。采用电流偶极子模型进行蚀化磁磁场分析 ,计算方法简便 ,可用于工程磁场的实时预报     

Buried paleo-channels on the New Jersey continental margin: channel porosity structures from electromagnetic surveying

We report on a marine electromagnetic (EM) survey across two portions of the New Jersey continental margin that have been previously shown to contain buried paleo-channels. The EM method used provides bulk porosity estimates to depths of around 20 m below the seafloor and is thus able to place porosity constraints on the nature of the channel infill and the contrast in physical properties across the channel boundaries. Our data show that a key condition for the channels to have an electrical signature is that they incise an underlying regional unconformity, R, thought to represent a subaerially eroded surface, exposed during the late Wisconsinan glaciation. Channels that cut R are seen through increases in apparent porosity. Another seismically imaged channel sequence, which lies within the outer-shelf sediment wedge sequence above R, does not have an electrical signature, indicating that the sediments above and below the channel boundaries have similar physical properties.     

Ocean acoustic field matching: normal mode filtering andnon-Gaussian sources

Two qualitative results concerning statistical sonar signal processing and acoustic field matching are obtained. First, normal-mode field predictions are integrated with statistical signature analysis by constructing a boundary-value problem in the acoustic waveguide. From this construction it is found that the normal-mode filter is the unique acoustic preprocessor which does not confound deterministic waveguide correlation structure with stochastic source covariance structure. Second, the origin of deterministic, Gaussian, and non-Gaussian source signatures is investigated by associating physical parameters with the classical Lindeberg central limit conditions. From construction it is found that there are important objects that are not adequately represented either by infinitesimal points or by infinite surfaces. If receiver resolution is inadequate to resolve source complexity, these objects will exhibit a non-Gaussian acoustic signature via an entirely linear progression from internal excitation, to source radiation, through waveguide propagation, and finally to reception     

Environmental correlates of large-scale spatial variation in the δ13C of marine animals

Carbon stable isotopes can be used to trace the sources of energy supporting food chains and to estimate the contribution of different sources to a consumer's diet. However, the δ¹³C signature of a consumer is not sufficient to infer source without an appropriate isotopic baseline, because there is no way to determine if differences in consumer δ¹³C reflect source changes or baseline variation. Describing isotopic baselines is a considerable challenge when applying stable isotope techniques at large spatial scales and/or to interconnected food chains in open marine environments. One approach is to use filter-feeding consumers to integrate the high frequency and small-scale variation in the isotopic signature of phytoplankton and provide a surrogate baseline, but it can be difficult to sample a single consumer species at large spatial scales owing to rarity and/or discontinuous distribution. Here, we use the isotopic signature of a widely distributed filter-feeder (the queen scallop Aequipecten opercularis) in the north-eastern Atlantic to develop a model linking base δ¹³C to environmental variables. Remarkably, a single variable model based on bottom temperature has good predictive power and predicts scallop δ¹³C with mean error of only 0.6‰ (3%). When the model was used to predict an isotopic baseline in parts of the overall study region where scallop were not consistently sampled, the model accounted for 76% and 79% of the large-scale spatial variability (10¹–10⁴ km) of the δ¹³C of two fish species (dab Limanda limanda and whiting Merlangus merlangius) and 44% of the δ¹³C variability in a mixed fish community. The results show that source studies would be significantly biased if a single baseline were applied to food webs at larger scales. Further, when baseline δ¹³C cannot be directly measured, a calculated baseline value can eliminate a large proportion of the unexplained variation in δ¹³C at higher trophic levels.     

太平洋海温场两种不同时间尺度气候模态的分析

利用经验正交函数分解、多元线性回归分析、小波分析和离散功率谱等方法,对太平洋年代际振荡(PDO)和ENSO的关系进行研究,发现太平洋海温场中主要存在着PDO和ENSO两种气候模态.用线性回归分析方法对这两种模态进行分离,结果表明,去除ENSO信息后,太平洋海温变化的关键区出现于北太平洋中纬度地区,PDO的信号很明显;而去除PDO信息后,海温变化的关键区位于赤道中、东太平洋地区,ENSO的信号较明显,此时ENSO循环不具有年代际振荡的特征,表明PDO对ENSO的调制作用是ENSO事件具有年代际变化特征的重要原因.     

Sorted bedforms on the inner shelf off northeastern New Zealand: spatiotemporal relationships and potential paleo-environmental implications

Sorted bedforms are heterogeneous shelf seabed features found ubiquitously on the inner shelf of New Zealand and around the world. In this study we examine the shallow stratigraphy of sorted bedforms using diver-collected short cores together with the textural analysis of the associated surface sediments in the Tairua-Pauanui embayment on the northeast coast of the North Island of New Zealand. Combining sonar and textural analysis together with the local oceanographic conditions provides new insight into the interpretation of sorted bedform features. In this regional case study, sorted bedforms are found to have a stratigraphic signature characterized by alternating fine and coarse sequences that does not reflect alternating calm (low-energy) and storm (high-energy) cycles. Instead, the core sequences suggest the signature of a heterogeneous inner shelf sedimentary facies developed from morphodynamic feedback mechanisms operating at the scale of the bottom boundary layer. The resulting sedimentary sequence (alternating coarse and fine units) found throughout this study site is the result of contemporaneous sorting processes.