大气对X-射线荧光光谱仪检测土壤样品中硫的影响

根据X-射线荧光光谱仪检测土壤中硫的实践经验,发现了该检测方法中大气对土壤样品的检测结果有一定的影响。通过对所采集的太原河东11个样品的检测,以及对标准试样GSS-7、GSS-6系列样品的对比,证明了样品在空气中放置时间,即大气对检测结果的偏差。最后笔者采取即刻检测方法,对太原河东样和标准试样进行了测定,充分证明了检测土壤样品在大气中放置时间对检测结果的影响程度,应该引起土壤检测工作者的足够重视。     

原子吸收分光光度法测定肉类样品中微量的铜铅锌镉

采用原子吸收法对肉类样品微量铜铅锌镉进行测定，重点对样品的前处理进行实验，拟订测试操作规程和仪器测量最佳条件，实验证明本法操作简便，准确快速，结果满意。     

环境植物样品中铜铅锌铁锰的测定

将环境植物样品在４００─５００℃灰化，用硝酸、氢氟酸和高氯酸分解，用盐酸（１＋１）提取，控制２％─３％的盐酸介质，用火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定环境植物样品中的微量铜、铅、锌、铁、锰。该方法简单、快速、可靠。对环境植物标准样品的测定结果理想。     

ICP—光量计测定地质样品中的Sc

本方法是用ＩＣＰ—光量计测定地质样品中的Ｓｃ，用氢氟酸—盐酸溶解样品，对几个国家级标样进行测定，结果与推荐值一致。方法检出限为Ｓｃ：０．２２μｇ／ｇ，本方法简单、快速、准确     

酸溶二苯碳酰二肼分光光度法测定水系沉积物样品中微量铬

采用王水分解样品，分光光度法测定水系沉积物样品中微量铬，方法简便，易操作，成本低。通过对比，测定结果的肛≤10％，RSD≤5％(n=12)与标准值吻合。     

Burris型重力仪温度特性研究

通过对多台Burris型相对重力仪实施不同时长的断电、再通电后进行静置测量，研究该型仪器的温度特性。在温度约为14 ℃的地下室内，长时间断电冷却后，Burris型相对重力仪需要125 min才能达到恒温点(仪器不再提示温度不足)，通电65 h后零漂率仍然大于0.005×10-5 m·s-2/h，110 h后仪器的零漂才能达到地震观测仪器进网要求的小于0.003×10-5 m·s-2/h。在相同条件下，对3台Burris型重力仪分别实施15 min、2 h、24 h较短时间冷却、再通电，静置测量数据表明，在升温过程中，重力仪读数过程为先大幅减小后小幅增大再变小至稳定，绝对变化率先减小后少量增大再变小；不同冷却时间既影响仪器到达恒温点需要的时间，也影响仪器读数稳定的时间。15 min的断电需要大约1 h的加热过程才能使读数稳定；仪器到达恒温点后读数仍在快速变化中，且仪器读数变化中的最小值出现在到达恒温点后；断电可能会影响再通电仪器读数稳定后在短时间内的观测精度。     

氢化原子荧光法测定化探样品中的砷、锑

应用AFS-820型双道氢化原子荧光光谱法同时测定化探样品中砷和锑,分析了测定准确性的影响因素,选择了合适的介质、酸度、还原剂浓度及仪器条件等。本方法对测定砷,锑的影响因素进行了实验,适用于1∶5万,1∶20万化探扫面样品的分析测定。     

N_（263）浸渍树脂分离─富集Pb（Ⅱ）的研究及其应用

以Ｎ＿（２６３）浸渍在ＤＡ＿（２０１）大孔吸附树脂上制得了Ｎ＿（２６３）浸渍树脂，测定了静态时树脂Ｐｂ（Ⅱ）的吸附容量。通过柱层析法，试验了酸度，流速和干扰离子等因素对Ｎ＿（２６３）浸渍树脂吸附和洗脱Ｐｂ的影响。建立了Ｎ＿（２６３）浸渍树脂分离─富集后衔接原子吸收和比色法测定Ｐｂ（Ⅱ）的方法，测定了地质样品中Ｐｂ（Ⅱ），测试结果理想。     

SnCl2还原冷原子吸收测定化探样品中的汞

样品经低温稀王水溶解，在选定的仪器条件下，用氯化亚锡还原，测定汞的吸收峰值。方法简便、快速、价廉，适用于大批化探样品的测定。     

X射线荧光光谱法测定石灰岩白云岩中的氯和硫

采用粉末压片制样-X射线荧光光谱法测定石灰岩、白云岩中的氯和硫。对多个标准样品SKα特征谱线进行角度扫描,发现各谱线峰2θ值相差不大,同时标准样品数据点线性关系较好,表明矿物效应影响不大,可以使用粉末压片法制备样片。氯和硫的方法相对标准偏差(RSD,n=10)分别为6.48%和1.03%,采用国家一级标准物质验证,测定结果与认定值基本相符。     

STUDY ON MIXIS POTENTIAL OF ROTIFER RESTING EGGS ( BRACHIONUS PLICATILIS ) WITH DIFFERENT COLLECTION TIMES AND DIFFERENT PRESERVATION PERIODS

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＲｅｓｔｉｎｇｅｇｇｓ,ｔｈｅｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｏｆｓｅｘｕａｌ(ｍｉｃｔｉｃ)ｒｅｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｍｏｎｏｇｏｎｏｎｔｒｏｔｉｆｅｒｓｌｉｋｅＢｒａｃｈｉｏ ｎｕｓｐｌｉｃａｔｉｌｉｓｏｒＢ .ｒｏｔｕｎｄｉｆｏｒｍｉｓ,ｃａｎｂｅｒｅａｄｉｌｙｓｔｏｒｅｄａｎｄｕｓｅｄｗｈｅｎｎｅｅｄｅｄｔｏｓｔａｒｔｍａｓｓｃｕｌｔｕｒｅｓｆｏｒｔｈｅｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｌｉｖｅｆｏｏｄｓｆｏｒｌａｒｖｉｃｕｌｔｕｒｅｏｆｍａｒｉｎｅｆｉｓｈｅｓａｎｄｃｒｕｓｔａｃｅａｎｓ.Ｔｈｅ…     

STUDY ON MIXIS POTENTIAL OF ROTIFER RESTING EGGS（ BRACHIONUS PLICATILIS ） WITH DIFFERENT COLLECTION TIMES AND DIFFERENT PRESERVATION PERIODS

The present study investigated the possible changes in the mixis potential of rotifer resting eggs produced by a single stock of Brachionus plicatilis and collected and preserved annually from 1985 - 1998. Several clones derived from each batch of resting eggs were cultured under the same conditions for 21 days. The percentage of clones appearing resting eggs and the average yield of resting eggs produced from each clone were recorded and statistically analyzed to find the differences between the mixis potential of those resting egg batches. Results showed that different batches of resting eggs had different mictic levels among their descendent clones; but no regular relationship was found between the mixis potential of resting eggs and their collection times/preservation periods. Several internal and external factors that might affect the mixis potential of resting eggs were discussed.     

BDS卫星动力学参数最优解与定轨跟踪站最优分布

基于动力学定轨原理与方法,给出动力学参数精度衰减因子（MDOP）的计算方法;以MDOP值为标准,分析BDS定轨中不同跟踪站的分布以及分布方案的优劣;最后,利用BDS单系统定轨进行验证。结果表明,MDOP值和定轨精度间的对应关系显著,可以作为优选定轨跟踪站分布方案的依据。     

对金伯利岩测年方法和测年样品的探讨

金伯利岩是化学成分、矿物组成和结构多变的混杂岩,极易发生蚀变。因此,采用单一的年龄测定方法很难确定金伯利岩的侵位年龄,数据结果差别很大。该文以山东蒙阴地区金伯利岩应用的测年方法为例,对比分析了K-Ar法、Ar-Ar法、Rb-Sr法、Sm-Nd法、U-Pb法的年龄数据,探讨了不同测年方法及其选取的岩石、矿物样品的适用性。认为在符合地层对金伯利岩侵位时间约束的前提下,采用多种同位素测年方法相互印证,深入研究矿物、岩石及岩浆成因是必不可少的。     

Sexual reproduction and short-term fitness advantage in the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus: implications for the coexistence of sympatric clones

Large numbers of rotifer eggs from sediment resting egg banks may hatch simultaneously under appropriate conditions;therefore,natural populations are likely to be multiclonal in a growing season.A recent field investigation showed that subordinate and ephemeral clones were able to establish populations in an environment with several strongly dominant clone populations.However,it was not clear how the subordinate populations maintained their growth under these conditions where the crowding signal would induce high levels of sexual reproduction in the dominant clone populations.In the present study,we conducted a continuous passage to 60 generations for new populations at three different temperatures(15°C,25°C,and 35°C).These populations emerged from resting eggs produced by a clone population.At the first,30th,and 60th generations,the populations were sampled and fitness was assayed using the life-table method.We found a significant short-term fitness advantage for populations newly emerged from resting eggs produced by a clone population of the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus,followed by a significant decrease in relative fitness with long-term continuous passage.Our results suggested that the early shortterm fitness advantage was important for later-hatched and subordinate clone populations in an environment with multiple sympatric clones.The early short-term fitness might also promote the coexistence of sympatric clones because it could help to offset the cost of early sexual reproduction.     

基于Bayes理论的星间链路自主定轨误差评估方法

针对导航星座自主运行期间因缺乏外部基准而导致自主定轨结果不能得到有效评估的问题,提出一种基于Bayes理论的自主定轨结果评估方法。一方面充分考虑定轨误差的先验统计特性,以提供先验位置基准;另一方面以卡尔曼滤波中定轨协方差的迹作为定轨URE的表征量,解决了自主定轨中对定轨误差没有观测信息的问题。利用自主定轨的仿真数据对该方法进行验证,结果表明,对于单颗卫星,在24 d内,由该方法得到的URE估计误差不超过±0.5 m,验证了该方法的可行性。     

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化学发光分析法测定铁的进展

综述了化学发光分析测定铁的进展 ,叙述了化学发光法测定铁的基本原理、所用的化学发光试剂、影响因素及测定方法。初步探讨了铁的化学发光机理。     

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