连梁刚度折减系数对剪力墙结构的影响研究

剪力墙结构在进行地震计算时,按照相关规范要求连梁的刚度可折减,折减方式的不同对剪力墙结构整体刚度和构件内力等结果影响较大。设计人员通常给定全楼统一的连梁刚度折减系数,这种简化做法会导致结构刚度和构件受力与实际不符。本文对9栋典型剪力墙结构进行了非线性分析,研究了连梁刚度折减系数对剪力墙结构整体指标和构件内力的影响,并给出了剪力墙结构设计时连梁刚度折减系数的确定方法建议。     

小跨高比连梁混合暗支撑高阻尼混凝土联肢剪力墙试验研究

混合暗支撑高阻尼混凝土联肢剪力墙是一种新型延性双肢剪力墙,它将暗支撑引入双肢墙的两个墙肢,将内置带剪力钉钢板连梁作为剪力墙洞口连梁,墙身由高阻尼混凝土浇筑而成.本文对这种新型联肢剪力墙结构进行了低周反复加载实验与数值模拟,较系统地分析了该新型剪力墙结构的承载力、延性、耗能、破坏机制、破坏特征以及刚度衰减过程等性能.结果表明:与现有暗支撑混凝土联肢剪力墙相比,混合暗支撑高阻尼混凝土联肢剪力墙开裂强度、极限承载力、耗能能力及变形能力均有一定程度的提高,显示了良好的抗震性能;当剪力墙连梁跨高比越小,混合暗支撑高阻尼混凝土剪力墙的抗震性能越好.     

半通缝连梁剪力墙结构抗震性能分析

连梁是剪力墙结构中重要的耗能构件,小跨高比连梁通常具有延性差,耗能能力薄弱等缺陷,不能起到保护墙肢的作用。半通缝连梁可有效改善小跨高比连梁的延性[1]。为进一步探究带有半通缝连梁的剪力墙结构的抗震性能,包括:延性系数、耗能能力等抗震性能参数,以及验证半通缝连梁剪力墙结构的破坏机理。基于有限元软件ABAQUS建立3种不同连梁形式的单片双肢剪力墙结构数值模型,对结构的低周反复试验进行仿真,以分析3种截面形式连梁的单片双肢剪力墙结构在低周往复荷载作用下的承载能力、耗能能力和延性。研究表明:半通缝连梁剪力墙结构可以兼顾双连梁剪力墙结构的延性和深连梁剪力墙结构的开裂前刚度,耗能性能与双连梁剪力墙结构相近,承载力较双连梁剪力墙结构高,抗震性能良好。     

高性能混凝土双连梁短肢剪力墙试验研究

提出了高性能混凝土双连梁短肢剪力墙的新型结构形式,并对3片4层1/3缩尺联肢高性能混凝土短肢剪力墙进行了静力试验研究,得出了从加载到破坏整个过程的P-U全曲线,分析了不同连梁形式模型的承载力、刚度、延性、耗能能力以及破坏特征。证明了高性能混凝土双连梁短肢剪力墙的良好抗震性能。     

组合连梁RC框剪结构地震损伤控制研究

框架-剪力墙结构作为多层及高层结构普遍采用的建筑结构形式之一,是抗震设计与加固的重点与热点。组合连梁技术为降低墙肢损伤,震后快速恢复结构功能,降低社会灾后重建的成本提供了新的思路。但目前对组合连梁框架-剪力墙结构体系的研究仍不充分,组合连梁对于整体结构的控制效果仍有待确认。本文通过子结构试验与数值分析的方法,系统地研究了组合连梁的力学性能,给出了合理的组合连梁设计参数,并提出了基于连续化方法的带组合连梁的剪力墙结构的抗震分析方法。本文的主要工作及成果如下:(1)带缝钢板阻尼器力学性能试验研究。通过带缝钢板阻尼器低周拟静力循环加载试验研究,研究了开缝宽度和工艺、连接构造措施、弯曲单元跨高比等关键因素对带缝钢板阻尼器力学性能的影响,同时研究了带缝钢板阻尼器的延性、超强系数及低周疲劳性能。并通过精细化有限元分析对缝宽为2mm的阻尼器试验进行了模拟,讨论了损伤模型及损伤参数的取值,并为试验结果补充了分析参数。通过Bouc-Wen宏观模型,对缝宽为6mm的阻尼器试验进行了模拟,通过回归分析,建立了Bouc-Wen形状控制参数与阻尼器力学性能控制参数之间的关系。(2)传统连梁与带缝钢板阻尼器组合连梁对比试验研究。通过一组传统连梁与组合连梁的对比试验研究,验证了组合连梁在连梁和墙肢的损伤控制、相同位移角下的耗能能力,变形能力等方面的优势,同时研究了超强系数对组合连梁的影响。(3)大比例传统剪力墙和组合连梁剪力墙子结构试验研究。根据某18层原型结构,制作了1/3缩比的6层传统连梁剪力墙和组合连梁剪力墙试验体,进行了子结构拟动力试验及低周拟静力循环加载试验研究,研究了组合连梁剪力墙结构的力学性能及损伤破坏模式,证明了组合连梁墙片在结构层间位移角、地震力输入方面的控制效果,同时测量了组合连梁的变形需求。(4)组合连梁框剪结构参数分析。在验证模型正确的基础上,应用有限元软件Marc对消能墙片进行了参数分析,研究了在10层、20层、30层3种不同高度下,组合连梁的跨高比、刚度参数及强度参数对于整体框架-剪力墙结构的地震响应的控制作用,分析了结构的层间位移角、楼层剪力分布、结构沿楼层的耗能分布等结构响应随参数的变化关系,并给出了组合连梁设计参数的合理范围。(5)基于等效弹性连续化方法的组合连梁剪力墙结构的抗震分析方法。基于传统双肢剪力墙的连续化方法,考虑了组合连梁以及墙肢的塑性能力,通过计算组合连梁剪力墙的周期与振型、组合连梁的附加阻尼比,并结合MPA方法,提出了基于等效弹性连续化方法的组合连梁剪力墙抗震分析方法,为阻尼器参数及优化分析奠定了基础。     

不同连梁跨高比带暗支撑双肢剪力墙抗震性能试验研究

为探讨不同连梁跨高比带暗支撑双肢剪力墙的抗震性能,进行了2组连梁跨高比分别为1．0和1．5的4个4层双肢剪力墙1／4缩尺模型的抗震性能试验研究。较系统地分析了结构的刚度及其退化过程以及承载力、延性、耗能、破坏机制和破坏特征等。结果表明,连梁跨高比相对小的带暗支撑双肢剪力墙抗震性能较好。承载力计算结果与实测值符合较好。     

型钢高强混凝土短肢剪力墙-连梁节点抗震性能试验研究

通过4个型钢高强混凝土短肢剪力墙-连梁节点试件和1个高强混凝土短肢剪力墙-连梁节点试件的低周反复荷载试验,主要研究配钢形式、轴压比和连梁结构类型对节点的滞回特性、变形能力及耗能能力等性能的影响。结果表明:型钢高强混凝土短肢剪力墙-连梁节点的滞回曲线饱满,承载力、刚度以及抗震性能较高强混凝土短肢剪力墙节点均有所改善,所有试件的延性均小于3,极限层间位移角均小于1/100,等效黏滞阻尼系数在0.17～0.24之间,表现出其延性和抗倒塌能力较差,耗能能力较好。     

内藏不同高宽比分块钢板双肢剪力墙抗震性能试验研究

内藏分块钢板双肢剪力墙是由钢管混凝土边框、型钢混凝土叠合暗柱、墙肢内藏分块钢板、连梁内藏钢板、混凝土墙体、混凝土连梁等构件组成。对4个1∶5缩尺,剪跨比为1.68,轴压比为0.3的组合双肢剪力墙试件进行了低周反复荷载试验。研究不同内藏钢板布置形式、不同钢板用钢量对试件抗震性能的影响,考察了内藏分块钢板双肢剪力墙的破坏形态、滞回特性、刚度、变形及耗能能力,分析了剪力墙各部件在水平荷载作用下的合理屈服破坏顺序。试验结果表明:4个试件均发生弯剪型破坏,内藏分块钢板双肢剪力墙相比于钢管混凝土边框双肢剪力墙整体抗侧刚度大,具有较强的耗能能力、变形能力及延性,对抗震有利;分块钢板参数选择对双肢剪力墙抗震性能影响明显。     

上部再生混凝土双肢剪力墙抗震性能试验研究

进行了3个1∶4缩尺的四层双肢剪力墙模型抗震性能的对比试验,连梁跨高比为1.5。模型1为普通混凝土双肢剪力墙,模型2为全再生混凝土双肢剪力墙,模型3为底部两层普通混凝土、上部两层再生混凝土双肢剪力墙。分析了各双肢剪力墙的承载力、延性、刚度、滞回特性、耗能及破坏特征。结果表明:与普通混凝土双肢剪力墙相比,全再生混凝土双肢剪力墙的抗震性能略差,底部两层普通混凝土、上部两层再生混凝土的双肢剪力墙与普通混凝土双肢剪力墙抗震性能接近。建立了再生混凝土双肢剪力墙的承载力计算模型,计算结果与试验结果吻合较好。     

钢筋混凝土短肢剪力墙抗震性能试验研究

通过6片1：2单层短肢墙试体的低周反复荷戴试验,研究了在低周反复荷载作用下钢筋混凝土短肢剪力墙的整体工作性能、破坏形态及滞回特性。结果表明：试件的最终破坏均是由连梁失效引起的,连梁是短肢剪力墙结构的薄弱环节,因此,连梁的混凝土强度不应低于墙肢的混凝土强度,以免连梁出现粘结破坏;有翼墙的短肢剪力墙试体其延性系数都达到了3．5以上．其耗能能力较无翼墙短肢墙好。     

Three‐dimensional beam–truss model for reinforced concrete walls and slabs – part 2: modeling approach and validation for slabs and coupled walls

A three‐dimensional beam–truss model (BTM) for reinforced concrete (RC) walls that explicitly models flexure–shear interaction and accurately captures diagonal shear failures was presented in the first part of this two‐paper series. This paper extends the BTM to simulate RC slabs and coupled RC walls through slabs and beams. The inclination angle of the diagonal elements for coupled RC walls is determined, accounting for the geometry of the walls and the level of coupling. Two case studies validate the model: (1) a two‐bay slab–column specimen experimentally tested using cyclic static loading and (2) a five‐story coupled T‐wall–beam–slab specimen subjected to biaxial shake table excitation. The numerically computed lateral force–lateral displacement and strain contours are compared with the experimentally measured response and observed damage. The five‐story specimen is characterized by diagonal shear failure at the bottom story of the walls, which is captured by the BTM. The BTM of the five‐story specimen is used to study the effects of coupling on shear demand for lightly reinforced RC coupled walls. The effect of mesh refinement and bar fracture of non‐ductile transverse reinforcement is studied. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Seismic performance assessment of a hybrid coupled wall system with replaceable steel coupling beams versus traditional RC coupling beams

This study assesses the seismic performance of a hybrid coupled wall (HCW) system with replaceable steel coupling beams (RSCBs) at four intensities of ground motion shaking. The performance of the HCW system is benchmarked against the traditional reinforced concrete coupled wall (RCW). Nonlinear numerical models are developed in OpenSees for a representative wall elevation in a prototype 11‐story building designed per modern Chinese codes. Performance is assessed via nonlinear dynamic analysis. The results indicate that both systems can adequately meet code defined objectives in terms of global and component behavior. Behavior of the two systems is consistent under service level earthquakes, whereas under more extreme events, the HCW system illustrates enhanced performance over the RCW system resulting in peak interstory drifts up to 31% lower in the HCW than the RCW. Larger drifts in the RCW are because of reduced coupling action induced by stiffness degradation of RC coupling beams, whereas the stable hysteretic responses and overstrength of RSCBs benefit post‐yield behavior of the HCW. Under extreme events, the maximum beam rotations of the RSCBs are up to 42% smaller than those of the RC coupling beams. Moderate to severe damage is expected in the RC coupling beams, whereas the RSCBs sustain damage to the slab above the beam and possible web buckling of shear links. The assessment illustrates the benefits of the HCW with RSCBs over the RCW system, because of easy replacement of the shear links as opposed to costly and time‐consuming repairs of RC coupling beams. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Seismic design and response evaluation of unbonded post‐tensioned hybrid coupled wall structures

This paper presents an analytical investigation on the seismic design and response of coupled wall structures that use unbonded post‐tensioned steel coupling beams. Both monolithic cast‐in‐place reinforced concrete wall piers and precast concrete wall piers are considered. Steel top and seat angles are used at the coupling beam ends for energy dissipation. The seismic design of prototype structures to achieve target displacement‐based performance objectives is evaluated based on nonlinear static and dynamic time history analyses. Additional recommendations are provided on shear design. Comparisons with ‘conventional’ structures that use embedded steel coupling beams as well as isolated walls with no coupling are provided. The results indicate that while the peak lateral displacements of unbonded post‐tensioned coupled wall structures are larger than the peak displacements of structures with embedded beams, the residual displacements are significantly reduced as a result of the restoring effect of the post‐tensioning steel. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

横向预应力混凝土梁的抗剪性能试验研究

通过4根加配横向预应力筋的钢筋混凝土梁和1根普通钢筋混凝土梁的对比试验,初步考察了横向预应力筋对提高钢筋混凝土梁抗剪性能的良好效果。研究结果表明:(1)加配横向预应力筋并施加适当预应力之后,钢筋混凝土梁的抗剪承载力提高70%以上,即使在不施加预应力的情况下,梁的抗剪承载力也约有40%的增长;(2)在横向预应力筋的总截面面积一定的情况下,采用直径较小的横向预应力筋和较小的间距,更有助于改善钢筋混凝土梁的破坏形态。     

A generalized continuum method for dynamic analysis of asymmetric tall buildings

The paper presents a continuum method for dynamic analysis of asymmetric tall buildings with uniform cross-section in which the horizontal stiffness is provided by shear walls and columns of arbitrary shape and layout, coupled by horizontal beams. The equations of motions are formulated in variational terms, including axial strain energy. Numerical solutions, obtained by using finite time differences and infinite polynomials, are presented for the response of a twenty-storey building with six shear walls to an impact load and earthquake accelerations. It is shown that omission of the axial deformations results in a substantially distorted pattern of behaviour, some of its effects being:

• 1 Overestimation of the bending stiffness of the coupled shear walls, with corresponding changes in their stiffness ratios.
• 2 Underestimation of the periods of the principal modes, with a corresponding change in the dynamic response.
• 3 Distortion of the magnitude, form, time of onset and coupling of the maximum displacements.
• 4 Pronounced change in the shear force and moment diagrams for the shear walls, the beams and the building as a whole.

     

安装形状记忆合金阻尼器的剪力墙结构抗震性能分析

为减轻钢筋混凝土剪力墙连梁的地震后永久性损伤,同时保持连梁的耗能机制,本文提出在剪力墙连梁中安装新型形状记忆合金(Shape Memory Alloy,简称SMA)阻尼器,并研究该阻尼器对剪力墙结构地震响应的减震效果。通过一幢12层剪力墙结构地震反应的时程分析,研究了SMA阻尼器的附加刚度比和屈服位移比两项特征参数对结构地震反应控制效果的影响规律。计算分析结果表明,当附加刚度比为0.04～0.05,屈服位移比为0.4～0.5时,可以获得较好的减震效果。     

Analytical and empirical models for predicting the drift capacity of modern unreinforced masonry walls

Displacement‐based seismic assessment of buildings containing unreinforced masonry (URM) walls requires as input, among others, estimates of the in‐plane drift capacity at the considered limit states. Current codes assess the drift capacity of URM walls by means of empirical models with most codes relating the drift capacity to the failure mode and wall slenderness. Comparisons with experimental results show that such relationships result in large scatter and usually do not provide satisfactory predictions. The objective of this paper is to determine trends in drift capacities of modern URM walls from 61 experimental tests and to investigate whether analytical models could lead to more reliable estimates of the displacement capacity than the currently used empirical models. A recently developed analytical model for the prediction of the ultimate drift capacity for both shear and flexure controlled URM walls is introduced and simplified into an equation that is suitable for code implementation. The approach follows the idea of plastic hinge models for reinforced concrete or steel structures. It explicitly considers the influence of crushing due to flexural or shear failure in URM walls and takes into account the effect of kinematic and static boundary conditions on the drift capacity. Finally, the performance of the analytical model is benchmarked against the test data and other empirical formulations. It shows that it yields significantly better estimates than empirical models in current codes. The paper concludes with an investigation of the sensitivity of the ultimate drift capacity to the wall geometry, static, and kinematic boundary conditions.     

Non-linear analysis of coupled wall systems

The non-linear response history and failure mechanism of coupled wall systems under dynamic loads and static loads are investigated through an analytical model. The walls and coupling beams are replaced by flexural elements. Axial and shear stiffnesses are included for the wall members. The stiffness characteristics of each member are determined by inelastic properties. The suitable hysteresis loops to each constituent member are established to include the specific characteristics of coupled wall systems. The computed results are compared with results obtained from tests using model structures statically and dynamically tested on the Illinois Earthquake Simulator.     

基于性能的联肢钢板剪力墙抗震设计与评估研究

联肢钢板剪力墙能通过连梁耗能实现多重抗侧体系,其优良的抗震性能被越来越多的学者研究论证。本文基于能量平衡原理和Chao和Goel提出的弹塑性层剪力分布模式,预设目标侧移及屈服机制等性能参数,归纳出完整的联肢钢板剪力墙结构塑性设计流程,并采用该方法基于8度(0.3g)抗震设防条件下设计了12个联肢钢板剪力墙结构算例。利用有限元分析软件ABAQUS对结构进行了Push-over分析,研究了刚度退化、构件屈服顺序和结构整体变形等方面的结果。结果表明：设计算例能够实现多重抗震机制,并满足预期性能目标。     

Experimental research on the seismic behavior of CSPSWs connected to frame beams

The seismic performance of composite steel plate shear walls (CSPSWs) that consist of a steel plate shear wall (SPSW) with reinforced concrete (RC) panels attached to one or both sides by means of bolts or connectors is experimentally studied. The shear wall is connected to the frame beams but not to the columns. This arrangement restrains the possible out-of-plane buckling of the thin-walled steel plate, thus significantly increasing the bearing capacity and ductility of the overall wall, and prevents the premature overall or local buckling failure of the frame columns. From a practical viewpoint, these solutions can provide open space in a floor as this type of composite shear walls with a relatively small aspect ratio can be placed parallel along a bay. In this study, four CSPSWs and one SPSW were tested and the results showed that both CSPSWs and SPSW possessed good ductility. For SPSW alone, the buckling appeared and resulted in a decrease of bearing capacity and energy dissipation capacity. In addition, welding stiffeners at corners were shown to be an effective way to increase the energy dissipation capacity of CSPSWs.