大质量年轻星体的红外谱研究

本对一批中心星光度大于１０＾３Ｌ⊙质量大于７～８Ｍ⊙的大质量年轻星体（ＹＳＯｓ）进行了研究,利用近几年对这批源进行的ＪＨＫ波段的观测以及其它台站的红外测光和ＩＲＡＳ点源资料,得到了这批源的红外能谱,根据它们在７－２３μｍ间的低分辨率光谱（ＬＲＳ）确定了其尘埃粒子的类型,并将其分三类;（１）具有９．７μｍ的硅酸盐特征;（２）具有１１．３μｍ的ＰＡＨ特征;（３）特征不明显或谱噪音较大,本采用球对称     

强IRAS远红外源的CO谱线观测

用紫金山天文台青海站的１３７ｍ射电望远镜对２７个强ＩＲＡＳ远红外源（流量Ｆ１００μｍ５００Ｊｙ）进行了ＣＯ（１－０）的谱线观测．观测表明,２７个强ＩＲＡＳ源全部与分子云成协,并与大质量星的形成或早期演化有关．其中１３个源是第一次给出ＣＯ（１－０）的谱线测量结果．本文对这一类源ＣＯ发射的性质进行了简单的讨论．     

强IRAS远红外源的CO谱线预测

用紫金山天台青海站的１３．７ｍ射电望远镜以２７个强ＩＲＡＳ远红外源（流量Ｆ１００μｍ≤５００Ｊｙ）进行了ＣＯ（１－０）的谱线预测。观测表明,２７个强ＩＩＲＡＳ源全部与分子云成协,产与大质量星的形成或早期演化有关。其中１３个源是第一次给出ＣＯ（１－０）的谱线测量结果,本对这一类源ＣＯ发射的性质进行了简单的讨论。     

恒星形成时期强远红外源的红外发射与赫罗图

本文从IRAS点源星表（PSC）中选择了一批流量只F100μ≥500Jy，且属于正在形成或早期演化阶段的强远红外源，利用北京天文台兴隆观测站的1.26m红外望远镜，对这批源进行了J、H、K波段的近红外观测，得到了12个源的第一次J、H、K测光资料．结合外台站的红外观测资料和IRAS点源星表数据，我们对强远红外源的红外发射进行了修正的黑体光球模型、双壳层尘埃发射模型以及详细的辐射转移等模型的拟合，得到了这些源的一系列重要的物理参量，如中心星的等效光球温度，近红外消光以及包层的尘埃温度和密度随半径变化的幂律等．本文利用红外导出的中心星光球温度和光度，得到了与这些强远红外源成协的大质量年轻天体在赫罗图上的位置和演化特征．我们发现，对质量一定的大质量年轻星，沿着向主序演化的方向，红外谱在12μ－60μ间的斜率S有逐渐增大的趋势；而对演化到同一时间线的星，随着质量的增大，S也有增大的趋势．本文分析了这一性质．并提出了利用红外资料研究赫罗图的方法，它是一种研究深埋于分子云和尘埃包层的大质量年轻星早期演化的有效方法．     

银道面HII区复合体G18．2－0．3的射电及红外发射

本文作者用上海天文台的２５米天线和１２．２ＧＨｚ的接收系统，对银道面附近的一个ＨＩＩ区复合体Ｇ１８．２—０．３进行了射电连续谱观测．采用沿源运动轨迹，对观测曲线进行多子源模型拟合的方法，将该复合体中的６个子源从延展的ＨＩＩ区辐射中分离了出来，并导出了每个子源在１２．２ＧＨｚ频率上的流量和角大小．结合外台站在２６９５ＭＨｚ，４７５０ＭＨｚ和１０．５５ＧＨｚ上的流量还得到了这些子源的辐射频谱．分析表明它们具有热辐射性质．对具有射电复合线（Ｈ７６α）资料和角尺度的４个子源导出了它们的电子密度在（１—３）×１０２ｃｍ－３间．此外通过对Ｇ１８．２—０．３复合体子源ＩＲＡＳ资料的分析和模型拟合还得到了每个子源周围冷尘埃的等效黑体温度．其中４个子源并具有ＩＲＡＳ－ＬＲＳ资料．分析它们得到了与该ＨＩＩ区成协尘埃的性质．根据５个子源的ＩＲＡＳ流量、频带以及色改正因子又求出了这些子源在１—５００μｍ间的总红外光度在２×１０４—１０５Ｌ间．它表明与Ｇ１８．２—０．３中各子源成协的新形成星是一些大质量的ＯＢ型星，它们在同一个延展ＨＩＩ区中如此密集证明了大质量星“致密—堆积”形成模式的合理性．     

S142电离氢区──分子云复合体的红外发射研究

本文使用ＩＲＡＳ巡天数据的最新版本ＩＲＡＳ巡天图（ＩＳＳＡ─ｃｏａｄｄｅｄ），经过进一步处理，得到了Ｓ１４２复合体红外发射的强度、温度及尘埃的分布。分析结果表明，分子云复合体的红外发射（在３０角分的尺度范围内）总光度１．１×１０４Ｌ⊙，红外连续发射在１２μｍ和１００μｍ有着较大的延伸，热而小的尘埃微粒的平均色温是１７０Ｋ，冷而大的尘埃平均色温为２９Ｋ，尘埃粒子密度随着对于最大值位置的偏移而迅速下降，ＨⅡ区内尘埃是严重衰减的。     

大质量星形成区的高速气体搜寻

在红外天文卫星点源表中选取了具有陡远红外谱的９７个源及其它８个红外源,用射电天文联合实验室紫金山天文台青海站的１３７ｍ望远镜,进行了ＣＯ（Ｊ＝１－０）的观测．结果在１０２个源中测到了ＣＯ辐射,有９个源参考位置难以确定,２１个源有多重成分,在其余７２个源中有２９个具有高速气体,其中１８个是新测到的双极外向流候选者,对其性质及与年轻星体的关系作了简要讨论．     

恒星形成区NGC7538中的分子氢发射

报告在ＮＧＣ７５３８中利用Ｈ２（２．１２μｍ）发射线测新发现的两个喷流和１８个近红外ＨＨ天体,在ＩＲＳ１－３星云中观测到了强Ｈ２发射壳层结构环绕在星云的北边。星云中红外源的ＵＶ辐射场的外流活动都可能导致这一Ｈ２发射。在ＨＲＳ１－３星云的南边和东边探测到了５个Ｈ２ｋｎｏｔｓ．在ＩＲＳ１南边发现的Ｈ２喷流暗示该区域有一个南北向的外流,在ＩＲＳ１１星团的周围发现了９个Ｈ２ｈｎｏｔｓ．在西北－东南方向和东     

S140电离氢区─分子云复合体的红外发射研究

本文使用ＩＲＡＳ巡天数据的最新版本ＩＲＡＳ巡天图（ＩＳＳＡ—ｃｏａｄｄｅｄ），经过进一步处理，得到了Ｓ１４０分子云复合体红外发射的强度、温度及尘埃的分布图。分析结果表明，分子云复合体（在３５角秒范围内）的红外发射总光度为２．９×１０４Ｌ⊙，Ｓ１４０区在各波段的分布里各向同性，红外连续发射在１２μｍ和１００μｍ有着较大的延伸，热而小的尘埃微粒的平均色温是１８４Ｋ，冷而大的尘埃平均色温为２９Ｋ。另外，在Ｓ１４０电离氢区—分子云复合体的核心部分（尤其是西部边缘和东部红外点源星团附近区域）有大量恒星正处于形成之中。     

卫星积分多普勒定位观测的初归算结果

本对１９８４年４月－１９８５年４月在南京紫金山山上大人卫测点，用积分多普勒观测的二维单点定位资料进行了分析。并根据卫星来自ＳＥ、ＳＷ、ＮＥ、ＮＷ四个象限获取的资料，分别进行了归算和处理，结果精度如下：σφ（ＳＥ）＝３．７ｍ，σφ（ＳＷ）＝４．２ｍ σφ（ＮＥ）５．１ｍ，σφ（ＮＷ）＝６．５ｍ σλ（ＳＥ）＝４．９ｍ，σλ（ＳＷ）＝５．６ｍ σλ（ＮＥ）３．３ｍ，σλ（ＮＷ）＝４．０ｍ上述表达式中     

On the theory of the oblateness of the Sun

In this paper we first emphasize why it is important to know the successive zonal harmonics of the Sun's figure with high accuracy: mainly fundamental astrometry, helioseismology, planetary motions and relativistic effects. Then we briefly comment why the Sun appears oblate, going back to primitive definitions in order to underline some discrepancies in theories and to emphasize again the relevant hypotheses. We propose a new theoretical approach entirely based on an expansion in terms of Legendre's functions, including the differential rotation of the Sun at the surface. This permits linking the two first spherical harmonic coefficients (J ₂ and J ₄) with the geometric parameters that can be measured on the Sun (equatorial and polar radii). We emphasize the difficulties in inferring gravitational oblateness from visual measurements of the geometric oblateness, and more generally a dynamical flattening. Results are given for different observed rotational laws. It is shown that the surface oblateness is surely upper bounded by 11 milliarcsecond. As a consequence of the observed surface and sub-surface differential rotation laws, we deduce a measure of the two first gravitational harmonics, the quadrupole and the octopole moment of the Sun: J ₂=−(6.13±2.52)×10⁻⁷ if all observed data are taken into account, and respectively, J ₂=−(6.84±3.75)×10⁻⁷ if only sunspot data are considered, and J ₂=−(3.49±1.86)×10⁻⁷ in the case of helioseismic data alone. The value deduced from all available data for the octopole is: J ₄=(2.8±2.1)×10⁻¹². These values are compared to some others found in the literature. Supplementary material to this paper is available in electronic form at http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005238718479     

Accounting for the viscosity of the fluid core in the problem of the physical libration of the moon

A two-component theoretical model of the physical libration of the Moon in longitude is constructed with account taken of the viscosity of the core. In the new version, a hydrodynamic problem of motion of a fluid filling a solid rotating shell is solved. It is found that surfaces of equal angular velocity are spherical, and a velocity field of the fluid core of the Moon is described by elementary functions. A distribution of the internal pressure in the core is found. An angular momentum exchange between the fluid core and solid mantle is described by a third-order differential equation with a right-hand side. The roots of a characteristic equation are studied and the stability of rotation is proved. A libration angle as a function of time is found using the derived solution of the differential equation. Limiting cases of infinitely large and infinitely small viscosity are considered and an effect of lag of a libration phase from a phase of action of an external moment of forces is ascertained. This makes it possible to estimate the viscosity and sizes of the lunar fluid core from data of observations.     

Calculation of the global system of the field-aligned currents on the dayside of the magnetosphere

Using the well-known equation for the normal component of the current which exist near the tangential discontinuity in the plasma in the case of the frozen-in magnetic field, and supposing that the current closes in the ionosphere in the auroral oval in the region 1, one calculates and compares with the data of observations the dependence of the density of the field-aligned current at the level of the ionosphere on the local time.     

Rotation of the elastic Earth: the role of the angular-velocity-dependence of the elasticity-caused perturbation

We calculate the so-called convective term, which shows up in the expression for the angular velocity of the elastic Earth, within the Andoyer formalism. The term emerges due to the fact that the elasticity-caused perturbation depends not only on the instantaneous orientation of the Earth but also on its instantaneous angular velocity. We demonstrate that this term makes a considerable contribution into the overall angular velocity. At the same time the convective term turns out to be automatically included into the correction to the nutation series due to the elasticity, if the series is defined by the perturbation of the figure axis (and not of the rotational axis) in accordance with the current IAU resolution. Hence it is not necessary to take the effect of the convective term into consideration in the perturbation of the elastic Earth as far as the nutation is related to the motion of the figure axis.     

Impact of the Quadrupole Moment of the Sun on the Dynamics of the Earth-Moon System

Range of values of the Sun's mass quadrupole moment of coefficient J₂ arising both from experimental and theoretical determinations enlarge across literature on two orders of magnitude, from around 10^-7 until to 10^-5. The accurate knowledge of the Moon's physical librations, for which the Lunar Laser Ranging data reach an outstanding precision level, prove to be appropriate to reduce the interval of J₂ values by giving an upper bound of J₂. A solar quadrupole moment as high as 1.1 10^-5 given either from the upper bounds of the error bars of the observations, or from the Roche's theory, is not compatible with the knowledge of the lunar librations accurately modeled and observed with the LLR experiment. The suitable values of J₂ have to be smaller than 3.0 10^-6. As a consequence, this upper bound of 3.0 10^-6 is accepted to study the impact of the Sun's quadrupole moment of mass on the dynamics of the Earth-Moon system. Such as effect (with J₂ = 5.5±1.3 × 10^-6) has been already tested in 1983 by Campbell & Moffat using analytical approximate equations, and thus for the orbits of Mercury, Venus, the Earth and Icarus. The approximate equations are no longer sufficient compared with present observational data and exact equations are required. As if to compute the effect on the lunar librations, we have used our BJV relativistic model of solar system integration including the spin-orbit coupled motion of the Moon. The model is solved by numerical integration. The BJV model stems from general relativity by using the DSX formalism for purposes of celestial mechanics when it is about to deal with a system of n extended, weakly self-gravitating, rotating and deformable bodies in mutual interactions. The resulting effects on the orbital elements of the Earth have been computed and plotted over 160 and 1600 years. The impact of the quadrupole moment of the Sun on the Earth's orbital motion is mainly characterized by variations of , , and . As a consequence, the Sun's quadrupole moment of mass could play a sensible role over long time periods of integration of solar system models. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

On the role of the motion of the photospheric footpoints of the magnetic field lines

By means of a simple relation between the velocity v of the fluid particle and the velocity v_f of the photospheric footpoint of the magnetic field line v_z and B_z being respectively the components of v and the magnetic field B normal to the photospheric surface, it is shown formally that through the phtospheric surface the transport of all the quantities attributed to the magnetic field, such as the magnetic flux, the magnetic energy and the helicity, is independent of v_z, and v_f is the only kinematical quantity on which the transport depends. In addition, in the neighborhood of the neutral line the velocity v_l of the moving curve of constant B_z is found to be equal approximately to the component of v or v_f in the direction of v_l. Since v_l can be measured or extimated, so can the components of v and v_f near the neutral line.     

Determination of the temperature of the solar corona from the spectrum of the electron-scattering continuum

When the K-corona is formed by the scattering of photospheric radiation from free electrons, the Fraunhofer lines are greatly broadened by the thermal motions of the hot electrons. This paper discusses the possibility of measuring the coronal electron temperature from the residual depressions in the K-coronal spectrum. If the ratio of the intensities at 4100 Å and 3900 Å can be measured to an accuracy of ±1%, the coronal temperature can be inferred to an accuracy of ±0.2 MK. The temperature of a coronal inhomogeneity may also be measured by this method, provided the position angle is known.Now at Fraunhofer Institute, Freiburg, Germany.     

On the systematic errors of the determinations of the absolute orientation of the meridian marks

The classical method of determination of the absolute azimuth (or Bessel's parameter n) can secure sufficiently precision for RA from observations of stars at high geographical latitudes during polar night only.     

在后牛顿引力理论(PPN形式)中引力常数变化对地球自转产生的效应

介绍和论述了在后牛顿引力理论(PPN形式)中在优越参考系和非优越参考系中经过参数化后引力常数变化对地球自转产生的效应,其中特别重点介绍了年周期变化的效应。此外也将理论结果同观测结果相对比。