工程物探方法在探测坝体隐患中的应用

针对锦西化工集团皂化渣场存在的防渗大坝渗水现象,采用综合物探方法对坝体进行渗漏检测.检测工作选择充电法、高密度电阻率法和浅震反射波法,准确地圈定了坝体内部的渗漏部位.经防漏施工后有效地制止了坝体渗漏.由此证实工程物探方法是一种经济、高效的坝体渗漏检测手段.     

天然源面波法在堤坝渗漏隐患探测中的应用

正由于土石坝运行时间较长老化,裂缝、洞穴、松散等多种多样的隐患问题突出。在各类大坝隐患中,渗漏隐患危害较大,主要表现为坝体渗漏、坝基渗漏及绕坝渗漏。因此,定期对大坝进行安全鉴定及除险加固非常重要。目前国内在探测堤坝渗漏隐患方面开展了大量的地球物理方法和勘探设备的研究工作,取得了显著成果,形成了较为完备的技术体系。而本次针对山东省某水库堤坝隐患探测,选择采用天然源面波法,对坝体及坝基进行速度分层,进一步查明水库坝体地层结构、     

综合物探在水库渗漏探测中的应用

受右坝肩正断层F2的影响,某水库岩溶发育,一直存在渗漏问题,经多处防渗处理,问题依然存在且日趋严重。本文综合采用流场法、自然电场法、高密度电阻率法对该水库渗漏进行了探测。发现老隧洞封堵质量较差,存在渗漏问题,并导致其下游侧坝体集中渗漏和大面积散浸;大坝坝体中部存在从上游坝坡至下游渗漏通道,是坝体下游二级坝坡出现散浸的主要原因;大坝右岸低矮山体存在渗漏入口,并可能与下游山脚的泉水点相连通;大坝右坝肩F2断层带防渗性差,存在与下游断层露头集中渗漏点相通的渗漏通道。此次探测结果表明:综合物探法能较准确获得水库渗漏源、渗流通道等位置信息。     

应用高密度电阻率法实现坝体渗漏快速探测

坝体渗漏探测是水利工程除险加固工作的重要环节,事关大坝安全运行,具有重要工程意义。文中以某坝体渗漏处理的问题为例,为解决传统探测手段的不足,开展了高密度电阻率法探测试验,结合工区地质和岩体地球物理特征分析,快速定位坝体渗漏区域。工程处理结果表明,高密度电阻率法可有效地解决小范围和小渗流量的渗漏部位探测问题,定位快速准确,可为查找坝体渗漏的原因以及工程治理措施提供依据。     

地面核磁共振地下水探测技术在水库大坝渗漏勘查中的应用

地面核磁共振找水技术是一种非介入探测技术,通过识别水分子中氢原子信号的分布来推测水分子在地层中的分布,进而确定是否有地下水存在,并给出地下水位、富水程度和孔隙率等地层结构信息。以安徽某水库土质大坝为例,采用地面核磁共振方法对大坝渗漏进行勘查,取得初始振幅(E0)、纵向弛豫时间(T1)、横向弛豫时间(T*2)等物理参数,分析物理参数与地质结构的对应关系,判断出坝体存在两处渗漏点,通过地面调查和工程地质钻探,验证了物探勘察结果,为病险水库坝体的治理提供地质依据。     

南京市赭山头水库坝肩渗漏处理

采用综合物探等方法对南京赭山头水库长期存在的渗漏问题进行探测,在物探探测渗漏区结合地质钻探确定大坝的渗漏通道,对存在渗漏通道的左右坝肩部位,采用薄壁混凝土防渗墙和帷幕灌浆的方法进行防渗处理,经过汛期高水位的检验,水库多年存在的渗漏险情得到了根本解决。     

地质雷达方法在水坝渗漏检测中的应用

水坝渗漏的成因较为复杂 ,通过物探方法检测可为分析研究坝体渗漏的原因以及采取相应的加固措施提供依据。渗漏部位因介质含水量的变化产生电性异常 ,为地质雷达方法的应用提供了有利条件。渗漏现象使雷达波幅频特性发生变化 ,对雷达图像的分析可以确定渗漏的部位和埋深。实践证明 ,地质雷达方法在水坝渗漏检测中有较好的应用效果     

陡坡水库大坝渗透稳定性及渗透变形分析

陡坡水库存在大坝质量差、坝体发育大量裂缝、背水坡出现散浸现象、坝后沼泽化并形成一上升泉以及排水渠和鱼池有絮状析出物、渗漏量增大等问题,这些异常现象都是由坝体及坝基渗流引起的。在阐述坝体和坝基地质、水文地质条件情况下,分析了大坝渗漏成因及大坝的渗透稳定性,指出坝体实际浸润线及坝体渗漏量是不正常的,特别是1987年后当库水位高于194 m,同一库水位呈上升趋势,这是反常的。坝基实际渗漏量异常,存在管涌和接触冲刷问题,尤其库水位低至 193.84 m,坝后上升泉仍有沙沸现象。上述现象表明大坝渗流是危险的,并分析了散浸、析出物、上升泉及沼泽化、坝肩及绕坝渗漏等现象的成因。     

高密度电阻率法在探测水坝隐患中的应用

与其它方法相比较，在进行水坝隐患探测时，只有地球物理方法能够实现快速、无损探测，为分析研究坝体渗漏的原因以及采取相应的治理措施提供依据。本文以江西某水库土质坝体的隐患探测为例，介绍了高密度电阻率法在坝体隐患探测中的实际应用。     

屋檐洞溶洼水库坝体工程条件与渗漏分析

溶洼成库，是岩溶区地下水开发的主要途径之一。屋檐洞溶洼水库是封堵地下河形成的地下、地表联合水库，堵体位于距地表182m的地下河道中。除主体工程外，坝体上部有厚110m的松散堆积作为天然坝体。通过实地勘测、钻探及物探等成果资料和地下河试堵工程观察分析，上部松散体主要由滑坡堆积而成。本文对滑坡体的成因条件和坝体工程地质特征进行分析，认为滑坡是由水流冲刷、地貌、岩体结构及外应力等的共同作用产生的，对坝体的稳定具有一定的影响，但滑坡体渗漏是成库的关键。按不同渗漏条件，可分为上部松散体及岩溶裂隙和层间错动带的渗漏，渗漏点分布于550m高程以上。通过研究，该坝体在采取相应工程措施处理的基础上，蓄水高程可达650m左右，可形成以地下河道为主要蓄水空间的溶洼水库。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of