闽南-台湾浅滩颌圆鲹种群年龄结构和生长特性的研究

颌圆鲹(Decapterus lajang Bleekerng)属暖水性中上层鱼类,分布于非州南部、印度洋、印度尼西亚、菲律宾、南海、台湾海峡、东海和日本南部。它是闽南-台湾浅滩渔场灯光围网的捕捞对象之一,年渔获量0.8—3.9万担,平均2.1万担,占灯光围网总渔获量的1—5％(平均3％),次于蓝圆鲹、金色小沙丁鱼、脂眼鲱和鲐鱼,居第五位。     

闽南-台湾浅滩渔场蓝圆鲹和鲐鱼群聚空间分布的研究

根据闽南-台湾浅滩渔场灯光围网信息船1990～2002年的渔捞记录，研究该渔场蓝圆鲹和鲐鱼群聚空间分布．结果表明，中上层鱼类蓝圆鲹和鲐鱼年间数量变动具有时间同步的特征，年均网次产量显著相关．蓝圆鲹与鲐鱼群聚区分布差异表现在：蓝圆鲹分布的海区水深较鲐鱼浅，蓝圆鲹和鲐鱼分布渔区的水深，春季分别为40～660m和40～70m，夏季分别为30～50m和30～60m，秋、冬季分别为30～60m和40～60m；鲐鱼的群聚区分布较偏北、偏向台湾岛西岸，蓝圆鲹的群聚区分布较偏南、偏向台湾海峡的中心区域；蓝圆鲹与鲐鱼群聚区的时空隔离、彼此取代比较明显．蓝圆鲹与鲐鱼的群聚区存在一定的重叠，与其种间对食物的竞争有关．两鱼种所出现两种适应性趋向。增加了它们在同一生境中长期共存的可能性．     

闽南-台湾浅滩渔场海表温度对鲐鲹鱼类群聚资源年际变动的影响初探

利用闽南-台湾浅滩渔场1986-1997年遥感海表温度资料与同期灯光围网渔业信息船的渔捞日志,对该渔场海表温度与鲐鲹鱼类群聚资源年际变动之间的关系进行了初步的探讨.结果表明,沿着25.5℃等温线形成一个中心渔场,空间位置的年际摆动范围在纬向上小于0.5°;海表温度距平(SSTA)与鲐鲹鱼类资源指数的变动在年际尺度上没有关联,但在年代际尺度上存在一定关联,1988年起SSTA摆动的频度和幅度在正值态大于负值态,而资源指数则呈现逐步上升的趋势.     

西北太平洋鲐鱼渔场的时空分布及其与海表温度和叶绿素浓度的关系

鲐鱼(Scomber japonicus)是西北太平洋的重要捕捞对象,其分布易受环境变化的影响。为定量分析海表温度和叶绿素浓度等影响因子对渔场分布的作用,文章采用产量重心、地统计插值和广义加性模型等方法,结合2017年西北太平洋2艘灯光敷网渔船的渔捞日志和海洋环境数据,探究该海域的渔场分布变化。研究结果表明：鲐鱼产量和单位捕捞努力量渔获量（CPUE）呈先上升后下降的趋势,其中7月的产量最高,9月的CPUE最高;产量重心于4-9月由SW方向向NE方向移动,并于9-12月返回SW方向;鲐鱼渔场的最适海表温度为14℃～16℃,最适叶绿素a浓度为0.4～1.0 mg/m3;叶绿素a浓度对渔场分布无显著影响,可能与鲐鱼摄食对象的特性有关。     

阿拉伯海鲐鱼渔场时空分布及其与海洋环境的关系

采用2016—2017年中国印度洋围拖网生产数据和同期的海表温度、叶绿素、表层海流和海面高度数据, 绘制了阿拉伯海鲐鱼Scomber australasicus围网月平均单位捕捞努力量渔获量(CPUE)和环境因子空间叠加图, 分析鲐鱼渔场与海洋环境因子之间关系, 采用频次分析和经验累积分布函数计算鲐鱼渔场最适宜的海洋环境区间。结果表明, 该海域月平均CPUE呈现先减少后增加的趋势; 围网渔场渔汛主要在东北季风期间, 从10月到翌年3月; 作业渔场重心分布在59°—62°E、13°—17°N, 具有明显的月变化, 基本呈现西南移动趋势。空间上, CPUE 分布在西边界流速较大的海域右侧, 在海流最大值和最低值中间区域。在印度洋东北季风期间, 阿拉伯海围网鲐鱼渔场适宜海表温度在25~28℃; 叶绿素浓度在0.2~0.5mg·m ^-3; 表层海流在0.05~0.25m·s ^-1; 海表高度0.2~0.35m。     

闽南-台湾浅滩渔场中上层趋光鱼类群聚结构的时间变化

闽南-台湾浅滩渔场位子印度—西太平洋暖水性动物区系马来亚区北部。该渔场中上层鱼类种类多,数量也较大,在渔业上有一定地位。本文据厦门市1973—1980年共八年的逐月机帆船光诱围网渔获物组成和产量(其中1979年11月缺),及相应年、月生产船数和日数的统计资料,分析该海域中上层趋光性鱼类的群聚结构特点及其时间变化,并探讨了多样性指数、均匀度、鱼种数、最大多样性指数和优势种数诸特征值与资源量指标值(CPUE)的关系,以供海洋鱼类群聚生态研究和渔业生产管理参考。     

闽南-台湾浅滩渔场蓝圆鲹种群的年龄结构和生长特性

蓝圆鲹[Decapterus maruadsi(Temminck & Schlegel)]属暖温性中上层鱼类,是闽南-台湾浅滩渔场机帆船灯光围网的主要捕捞对象,也是机帆船底拖网的重要渔获。为探讨本区蓝圆鲹种群结构的资源特点及其数量动态,我们对其种群年龄结构和生长特性进行了分析,从而为制定蓝圆鲹繁殖保护措施以及多种类渔业管理提供依据。一、材料和方法1982年2月至1983年12月,从厦门市海洋渔捞公社灯光围网机帆船的渔获物中,周年逐月收集本区蓝圆鲹的幼鱼和成鱼样本578尾,经生物学测定后,自鱼体左右侧第Ⅴ     

台湾海峡和邻近海域莹虾类的分布及其与渔业的关系

本文记述了1975年至1984年台湾海峽及邻近海域莹是数量的季节变化和平面分布。分析了莹虾的数量变化与蓝圆鲹Decapterus maruadsi Temminck. et. schlegel等中上层鱼类的渔获量变动的关系,和莹虾密集区分布与鱼类索饵洄游路线、中心渔场的分布等的关系。对水文因素—莹虾—鱼群三者之间的关系进行了初步探讨。     

闽南-台湾浅滩渔场6种中上层鱼类的生殖生物学特性

分析了闽南－台湾浅滩渔场蓝圆、金色小沙丁鱼、鲐鱼、颌圆、竹矬鱼、羽鳃鲐等６种鱼类的生殖生物学特性。结果表明：肝指数、脂肪系数、丰满度的周年变化均与生殖过程有一定关系。成熟系数及性腺组织学观察得出６种鱼的生殖期分别为：蓝贺：３～７月;金色小沙丁鱼：３～７月;鲐鱼：１～５月;颌圆：４～７月;竹矬鱼：１２至年４月;羽鳃鲐：３～８月。     

中国近海鲐鱼资源时空分布与海洋净初级生产力的关系研究

海洋净初级生产力影响了浮游动植物的空间分布和丰度，因此决定了海洋渔业的潜在产量。本文根据2006-2015年7-9月中国远洋渔业数据中心提供的中国近海鲐鱼捕捞数据和海洋净初级生产力遥感数据，以单位捕捞努力量渔获量（CPUE）表征资源丰度，以经度和纬度重心表征空间分布，分析研究了鲐鱼资源丰度和空间分布与海洋净初级生产力的关系。研究结果表明，2006-2015年鲐鱼产量、CPUE、经度和纬度重心呈现明显的月份和年际变化，7-9月渔场内净初级生产力空间分布模式不同。频率分布结果表明7-9月鲐鱼对应的适宜净初级生产力浓度范围分别为300~500 mg/（m2·d）（以碳计，下同），300~400 mg/（m2·d），300~400 mg/（m2·d）。相关分析结果表明，鲐鱼资源丰度与适宜净初级生产力海域范围比例呈显著正相关，且鲐鱼纬度重心与适宜净初级生产力海域平均纬度呈显著正相关关系，这表明渔场内的净初级生产力大小和分布模式显著影响鲐鱼的资源丰度和渔场重心位置。在鲐鱼主要分布海域25°~30°N，120°~130°E范围内，鲐鱼资源丰度与净初级生产力大小呈显著负相关关系。此外，不同气候条件下鲐鱼渔场净初级生产力大小变化不同，2007年和2010年强拉尼娜年份以及2009年中强厄尔尼诺年份鲐鱼渔场范围海洋净初级生产力降低，但适宜的海洋净初级生产力范围增大，导致鲐鱼资源丰度上升；而2015年超强厄尔尼诺年份鲐鱼渔场范围内海洋净初级生产力上升，但适宜的海洋净初级生产力范围显著减小，因此鲐鱼资源丰度相对降低。研究表明，中国近海鲐鱼资源时空分布与海洋净初级生产力具有显著关联。     

Model of the post-Cenozoic evolution of the cryolithozone of the shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea

The analysis of the structure of the cryolithozone, facies, and thicknesses of the Quaternary sediments and the results of the physicochemical mathematical modeling of the modern shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea support the influence of the Late Pleistocene glaciations on the heat conditions and the distribution of the permafrost in the area. A ～200-m thick glacier formed under aerial conditions from atmospheric precipitation represented the metamorphosed snow cover. According to the modeling, the long-living (from 60?50 to 10?4 ky) glacier reduced the thickness of the permafrost rocks in the reviewed shelf area for 280–360 m. The Holocene marine transgression additionally decreased the thickness from 50–140 m on the inner shelf to 220–350 m on the outer shelf. The modern submarine cryolithozone 450-0 m thick is wide-spread in the studied region from the coast to the shelf boundary (isobaths of 130–140 m), where it pinches out at a distance of ～380 km from the coast at a depth of ～250 m above the sea level.     

Investigation of the mechanism of the long-term evolution of the carbon cycle in the ecosystem of the Sevastopol bay

We analyze the components of the carbon system of the Sevastopol bay waters and the balance of main sediment-forming substances using the data of field investigations in 1998–2008. The interannual variations of total inorganic carbon and the equilibrium partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the bay water are noted. An increase in the flux of carbon dioxide into the bay and in the content of organic carbon in bottom sediments is revealed, and an explanation of this phenomenon is given. The priority accumulation of organic carbon in the sediments of the bay is established. We assess the interannual variation in the relative abundances of organic and inorganic carbon as an index of the carbon cycle stability.     

Contemporary state of the investigation of the influence of the discharge of rivers on the hydrologic structure of the Black Sea

We generalize and analyze the state of investigations of the influence of river waters on the hydrologic structure of the Black Sea. Specific features of the water, regime and hydrography of rivers flowing into the sea, data on the discharge of rivers, and intrayear and interyear variability of the discharge are presented. We discuss and analyze works studying the transformation of river waters, routes of desalinized sea waters, and their influence on the thermohaline structure and dynamic regime of the sea. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

Modelling of the ecosystem of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube

We analyze the results of numerical calculations performed according to the three-dimensional interdisciplinary model of an ecological system of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube. The complete system of equations of hydrothermodynamics is solved together with transport equations of the advection-diffusion-reaction type used to describe the transformation of a substance (nitrogen) between the components of the characteristic vectors of the ecosystem: plankton, detritus, and biogenic elements (nitrates). We describe the distinctive features of the circumcontinental distribution of components obtained as a result of numerical experiments and present arguments for the conclusion that the ecosystem of the Danube estuary water area plays the role of a buffer zone between the press of the Danubian biogenic pollutions and the neighbouring areas of the shelf zone and open sea. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

Dynamics of the ice cover and peculiarities of the ice transportation of the sediments at the tidal flats of the Kandalaksha Gulf of the White Sea

Ten years of semistationary studies of the interaction of the ice cover and the coastal relief of the Kandalakhsa Gulf in the White Sea allowed us to reveal the peculiarities of these processes in the warm and cold years and the mechanisms of the origination of ice forms, including ice tents, which govern the character of the tidal flats. Three dynamic fast ice zones are distinguished by their geomorphological location, morphology, and ice dynamics. The dependence of the mechanisms and volumes of the enrichment of the fast ice in the sediments on the coastal zone??s relief was established. At the coast of the Kindo Peninsula (Velikaya Salma Strait), the ice mostly contains fine-sandy sediments. Coarser sediments, including boulders, are occasional and frozen into the ice at the contact of the fast ice and the bottom. At the expense of the ice??s spreading by 4?C6 times in the warm years and 2?C4 times in the cold years, several thousand tons of sediments mostly from the tidal flat??s surface (100?C700 m³ from 1 km of coast in the wide tidal flats and <50 m³ on the steep coasts) are delivered to the water area.     

Relationship between the path of the Kuroshio in the south of Japan and the path of the Kuroshio Extension in the east

A relationship between paths of the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension (KE) is investigated, using the satellite-derived altimetry dataset of 1993–2008. When the Kuroshio takes the nearshore nonlarge meander path or typical large meander path and resultantly goes through the deeper channel (about 2500 m) of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge, the KE path adopts a relatively stable state with the two quasi-stationary meanders. On the other hand, when the Kuroshio takes the offshore nonlarge meander path and then passes over the shallower part of the Ridge (about 1000 m), the KE path tends to be convoluted, i.e., an unstable state.     

On the Relationship between the Characteristics of the Annual Variations of the Virtual Height of the Ionospheric Sporadic E Layer with the Seasonal Rearrangements of the Stratomesospheric Circulation

Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - Analysis of the temporal variations of the virtual heights of the sporadic E layer (h?ES) determined from ionograms with increased accuracy (1...     

A model of the dynamics of the ecosystem of the Sea of Azov

We use many-year archival observations of hydrologic and hydrobiologic state of the Sea of Azov for the identification of the structure of a model of its ecosystem. The ecosystem model, supplemented with expert estimates of bioresource consumption (fish reserve), contamination level, and possible ecologic fines for violation of the sea natural state, is formalized by the method of system dynamics. Hereat, the major part of influence functions is found in terms of observational data with application of self-organization algorithms. We also present the results of simulated experiments with the model of the ecosystem, which enable us to analyse scenarios of its behaviour under the influence of various external factors (wind, river discharge, water exchange with the Black Sea, etc.). Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

Parameters of the sediments of the deep-water basin of the Black Sea

The methodology and the first results of the computations of the volumes, masses, and growth rates of the sedimentary body of the buried Black Sea basin are presented. Their temporal evolution reflects the regional paleogeodynamics, in particular, the reorientation of the vector of the relative movement of the Arabian and Eurasian lithospheric plates and the related intensification of their collision in the late Miocene-Pliocene.     

Variability of the nutrient runoff of the rivers of the Arctic Basin

The spatiotemporal variability of the hydrochemical composition of the riverine runoff in nearmouth areas is presented using the example of selected rivers of the Arctic Basin. The temporal dynamics of the riverine nutrient runoff are mainly determined by the seasonal and interseasonal variations in the drainage basins. The spatial variations in the chemical composition of riverine waters in the near-mouth areas are mainly caused by the dynamics of the water flow and the river bed relief and, to a lesser degree, by biochemical processes. It is shown that the variations in the nutrient composition of the waters in near-mouth areas are comparable in magnitude to those at the river-sea geochemical barriers.