“互动”来信征集启事

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论测量仪器的精密整平及对中技术

本文比较全面的阐述了用于仪器整平、对中的各种技术,给出了实现仪器精密整平、对中的方法。并分析了对中误差对不同边长的角度测量精度的影响,指出短边测量时,对中偏差会严重影响观测质量,最后展望了摆脱整平、对中问题的前景。     

浅谈中山市连续卫星定位服务系统的建设及应用

首先阐述了中山市对CORS的需求背景,主要对ZSCORS的建设进行了介绍,并对ZSCORS的原理和系统组成及功能进行了说明,最后对ZSCORS的应用特点进行了论述。     

如何做好房产面积预算的几点建议

针对厦门市房产测量工作,阐述房产预算面积与房屋产权测量面积普遍存在差异情况,提高房产预算成果质量在预算过程应注意问题。通过对员工培训学习,再到对预算项目的资料收集,对预算项目的指标研究,对预算图纸的研究,在预算过程中,对预算项目的功能区划分,对分摊部位的功能认定及面积的分摊,对外墙预留面积,对墙体变化的细节的分析,通过对预算测绘报告自检、互检及质检人员的最终检查和业主的验收等过程以提高测绘产品质量。     

美国GPS现代化战略研究

本文从三个方面对美国GPS现代化战略进行分析研究。首先对美国GPS现代化的内外环境因素进行剖析,指出美国GPS现代化战略的实质;其次对美国GPS现代化的内容进行评析,指出了其计划过程及推进情况;最后对美国国家安全空间战略和太空政策对GPS现代化的影响进行讨论。本文对我国北斗卫星系统的发展具有一定的指导意义。      

一种高效率井下导线测量辅助系统

针对在煤矿井下导线和陀螺定向测量中,采用点下仪器对中操作过程往往耗时长且易造成明显的对中误差,并严重影响了矿井测量工作的效率和精度的问题,该文提出一种无需仪器精确对中的改进方法。通过安置一套测定对中偏差的触屏读数装置及内置数据处理系统,对观测数据进行自动偏心改正,较好地消减了井下导线测量或陀螺定向的对中误差影响。     

变化检测技术及其在高分辨率卫星遥感影像中的应用

对高分辨率遥感卫星影像利用变化检测技术更新现有的影像数据库或地图数据库是一项对测绘具有重要意义的工作.对现有的变化检测技术进行了分类总结,然后提出了对高分辨率遥感卫星影像进行变化检测的实施流程,最后结合数学形态学算法对SPOT5影像(2.5 m分辨率)进行了相关实验.     

适合于印刷品评价与控制的色度仪应满足的条件

本文从印刷工业颜色测量的需要出发,根据色度学理论、人的视觉特性和对印刷过程的分析提出印刷品评价对颜色测量仪的要求。包括对颜色测量理论的选择,对测量几何的要求;对测量光孔和测试色定位的要求;对照明光源和标准观察者类型的选择;对测量值的输出和测量速度等要求。这些内容对色度仪的设计和使用都具有重要意义。     

高分辨率对地观测学术年会简介

<正>高分辨率对地观测系统利用天基、临近空间和航空平台的多种观测手段,实现对陆地、海洋、大气等各类对地观测信息的获取,其数据广泛应用于农业、林业、水利、国土、气象以及国家安全等众多领域。高分辨率对地观测系统重大专项(以下简称高分专项)是《国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要(2006—2020年)》中部署的16个重大专项之一,用于发展我国高分对地观测技术,构建我国高分对地观测体系,掌握高分对地观测信息自主     

全站仪对中整平方法探讨

在公路工程测量中,我们要使测量进行快而准,其全站仪的对中调平起着至关重要的作用。本篇采用数学方法和理论力学定量对全站仪的对中整平进行分析,讨论大家最为常用的对中方式整平方式,但却很少人明白其中的理论依据:为什么全站仪要用脚架的升降进行调平,而脚螺旋用于对中器的目标对中而不用脚螺旋调平。     

单自由度陀螺寻北仪的运动规律分析

根据傅科第一类回转仪的设想模型，本文用分析力学的方法研究了单自由度陀螺寻北仪的定向原理，分析了陀螺轴的运动规律，建立了多种因素如陀螺力矩，常阻尼力矩和空气阻尼等影响下的运动微分方程，分别求出对应解，并用小扰动理论研究了稳定性。     

新版《四川省地图集》编制研究

为了在西部大开发中更好地为四川的经济的发展提供测绘保障,四川省测绘局决定重新编制《四川省地图集》。本文从几个方面探讨了新版《四川省地图集》的编制，主要包括编制背景，如何选择使用现势性资料，出版方式，装帧设计，结构设计，重点探讨了各图组内容表示的设计。     

THE VARIATION OF THE ATMOSPHERIC COEFFICIENT OF REFRACTION WITH THE NATURE OF THE SOURCE OF LIGHT

Abstract

In working out vertical heights on the Akuse-Kete Krachi chain of triangulation in the Gold Coast a fairly considerable difference was found between values of the coefficient of refraction obtained from observations taken during the day and those taken at night, the mean values being 0.069 for daylight observations to heliographs and 0.087 for night observations to lamps. This difference no doubt is due mainly to the condition of the atmosphere during the day differing from its condition during the night rather than to any effect due to different sources of light. A new chain has recently been observed in Western Ashanti, and the index of refraction for the daylight observations again gave a lower value than that obtained from the night observations, the figures being 0.073 and 0.099 respectively. For the night work three different sources of light were used, hurricane lamps for short lines, Tilley vapour-pressure lamps for lines of intermediate length, and McCaw acetylene signalling lamps by Watts for long lines. It occurred, therefore, to the writer to examine the results to see if the mean values of the index of refraction showed any variations for the different light sources, since it seemed reasonable to suppose that the constitution of the light emitted from each source would be different and hence that the coefficient of refraction might vary.     

短边三维网的布设及精度

本文讨论了各类短边三维网的布设原理、条件数计算和不确定性考虑,推导了精度估计公式,通过分析得出了几点结论,供布设时参考。     

ESTIMATES OF THE SENSITIVITY OF COMBINATIONS OF SPECTRAL RADIANCE COEFFICIENTS TO PROPERTIES OF THE VEGETATION COVER

A method is proposed for the calculation, based on the Goudriaan model, of estimates of various combinations of spectral radiance coefficients P_i which are optimal for interpretation of soil color and moisture, vegetation cover density, above-ground reserves of phytomass, and color and orientation of phytoelements. These estimates correspond rather closely with actual measurements obtained from the field. Translated from: Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta, geografiya, 1986, No. 4, pp. 75-79.     

傅科第一类回转仪运动的扰动级数分析

本文对只在陀螺力矩作用下傅科第一类回转仪的运动规律进行了扰动级数分析，推导了其运动周期公式，并与其线性解进行了比较，同时用动能法分析了该系统的稳定性．     

COMPUTATION AND MAPPING OF THE ELEMENTS OF THE WATER-ICE BUDGET OF GLACIERS

Two general approaches for compiling maps of components of the water-ice budget in regions of glacier nourishment are compared and the resulting maps are analyzed. The compilation of raw data is based on field measurements rather than remote sensing information. Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, VA 22308 from: Materialy glyatsiologicheskikh issledovaniy, 1991, No. 72, pp. 94-102.     

A NOVEL METHOD OF MEASURING THE COEFFICIENT OF THERMAL EXPANSION OF INVAR

Abstract

In a letter published in a recent issue of Nature, Prof. L. F. Bates and Mr J. C. Wilson, of University College, Nottingham, have described a new and novel method of determining the coefficient of thermal expansion of invar. Although this method is hardly likely to be applied to the measurement of the coefficient of expansion of long invar tapes, such as are used by surveyors, yet it is so novel and ingenious in itself that a short reference to it may not be out of place in this Review. One extremely interesting thing about it is that no measurements of a length, or of changes of length, are involved.