塔里木盆地库车坳陷中生界烃源岩生烃动力学参数研究

根据封闭体系黄金管热模拟实验结果,应用Kinetics专用软件,研究了塔里木盆地库车坳陷中生界不同类型烃源岩的生烃特征与动力学参数。库车坳陷侏罗系煤、碳质泥岩、泥岩及三叠系湖相泥岩具有各自的活化能分布和频率因子,揭示出其生烃行为的差异性。利用GOR-IsotopeKinetics软件,推导了库车坳陷侏罗系煤、泥岩和三叠系湖相泥岩3类烃源岩的碳同位素动力学参数。上述参数的获取,为盆地模拟、烃源岩评价、生烃量计算及资源量预测提供了重要的基础地球化学数据。      

库车前陆坳陷形成大气区的烃源岩条件

随着勘探的深入,库车前陆坳陷逐渐成为我国重要的大气区.本文对其形成大气区的关键条件之一的烃源岩特征进行了深入研究.库车坳陷主要分布中-上三叠统浅湖-半深湖相泥质烃源岩和中-下侏罗统煤系烃源岩,具有厚度大、丰度高、类型差和成熟度高的特点.三叠-侏罗系烃源岩具有十分丰富的天然气生成量,天然气来源不是制约库车坳陷天然气勘探的因素;根据三叠-侏罗系烃源岩的类型特征和成熟度特征认为库车坳陷资源丰富、以气为主,在天然气的生成上侏罗系烃源岩的贡献要大于三叠系.     

应用生烃动力学方法研究库车坳陷烃源岩生烃史

根据烃源岩生烃动力学参数,结合沉积埋藏史和古热史资料,本文应用生烃动力学方法研究了塔里木盆地库车坳陷三叠-侏罗纪烃源岩生烃史。研究表明,无论是煤,还是泥岩,库车坳陷三叠-侏罗纪烃源岩生气时间发生得晚,主生气期出现在10 Ma以来的喜山期晚期,生气高峰期出现在5 Ma之后。中上三叠世烃源岩生气时间和主生气期均早于中下侏罗世烃源岩。烃源岩这种晚期生气特征,为库车坳陷天然气的晚期聚集成藏提供了非常有利的烃源条件。      

准噶尔盆地乌伦古坳陷石油地质特征及勘探方向

准噶尔盆地北部乌伦古坳陷地层主要由石炭系、三叠系、侏罗系及白垩系组成.研究区分别在三叠系、侏罗系、石炭系发育3套烃源岩.石炭系火山岩储层和侏罗系碎屑岩储层为本区主要勘探目的层,白垩系和三叠系发育的厚层泥岩为本区两套区域性盖层.三叠、侏罗系烃源岩于侏罗系末期开始排烃,石炭系烃源岩于三叠纪末进入生烃门限.断层和不整合面共同构成该区油气运移的主要通道,边缘深大断裂带附近及石炭系不整合面附近,是油气勘探的主要方向.     

库车坳陷克拉苏冲断带轻质原油地球化学特征及成因

库车坳陷克拉苏冲断带以产气为主,并伴生一定量的轻质油。基于库车坳陷克拉苏冲断带18个轻质原油样品有机地球化学分析,总结了轻质原油生物标志化合物特征,对轻质原油进行了成因分类,并确定了其母质来源。研究结果表明,克拉苏冲断带克拉、大宛和大北地区轻质原油具有低Pr/Ph比值、高伽马蜡烷含量的特征,具有明显的湖相烃源岩特征。克拉地区原油母质以藻类输入为主,沉积于还原咸化环境。大宛和大北地区原油母质以高等植物输入为主,沉积于弱还原咸化环境。在克拉和大北地区部分原油母质还存在混合来源特征。按照生物标志化合物特征可以将库车坳陷克拉苏冲断带轻质原油划分为3种类型:第一类原油主要分布在大宛和大北地区,推测主要来源于中侏罗统恰克马克组下段湖相泥岩;第2类原油分布在克拉地区,推测主要来源于三叠系湖相烃源岩;第3类原油分布在克拉和大北地区,推测主要来源于三叠系湖相烃源岩,但侏罗系煤系烃源岩也具有一定贡献。     

库车南斜坡中—新生界油气运移地球化学示踪

库车南部斜坡中—新生界属于库车陆相油气系统,油气主要来源于库车坳陷的三叠系和侏罗系烃源岩。本文利用色谱、色谱- 质谱及碳同位素分析手段, 对库车南部斜坡带已发现的白垩系和古近系油气地球化学组成特征进行了详细研究,在明确油气来源基础上,根据典型油气藏解剖,分析油气运移输导路径,优选油气地球化学运移参数示踪油气运移充注路径。研究表明：库车南斜坡中—新生界原油呈现低密度、低黏度、低凝固点、低含硫及高含蜡的陆相原油特征。原油总体以藻类和水生浮游生物母源为主,反映生烃母质弱还原- 弱氧化的沉积环境,体现混合型干酪根母源特征,其中白垩系原油母源以湖相水生生物为主,主要来自三叠系湖相烃源岩;古近系原油除了三叠系湖相烃源岩的贡献外,伴随有以陆生高等植物输入为主的侏罗系煤系烃源岩。天然气具有中等甲烷含量、重烃含量高、氮气含量高和无硫化氢的特点,白垩系天然气主要是三叠系湖相原油伴生油型气;古近系天然气主体属于煤成气,主要来源于中下侏罗统煤系烃源岩,部分混有早期三叠系湖相烃源岩的原油伴生油型气。区内中—新生界发育由砂体、不整合、断裂构成的复杂油气输导体系,三叠系烃源岩生成的大量原油主要是沿白垩系底部不整合或下伏连接砂体运移到白垩系下部的圈闭中,侏罗系烃源岩生成天然气主要是沿古近系底部不整合面及下伏巨厚砂体运移到古近系底砂岩段圈闭中。综合油气藿烷参数Tm/(Ts+Tm)、重排藿烷参数C30DH/C30H、甲基二苯并噻吩(MDBT)参数4- /1- 甲基二苯并噻吩、C1/C2值、iC4/nC4值、天然气烷烃碳同位素组成,认为库车南部斜坡带存在却勒到玉东构造带由北向南和英买力、红旗构造带由北东向南西方向的2个主运移充注路径和却勒到羊塔克构造带由西向东的1个次级充注运移路径,下一步油气勘探应针对不同的油气运移路径方向,优先选择主运移通道上的岩性尖灭砂体实施部署。     

塔河油田古近系陆相油气地球化学特征及其远距离成藏模式

通过对塔河油田古近系油气藏油气物理性质、饱和烃色谱、分子标志化合物及碳同位素等地球化学特征研究,发现塔河 古近系油气藏油气均表现出陆相油气地球化学特征,与塔河油田海相油气特征形成鲜明对比。结合前人对塔北地区烃源岩研 究成果分析,认为塔河古近系油气来源于库车坳陷三叠系-侏罗系烃源岩。库车坳陷充足的油气源是塔河油田古近系油气成 藏的物质基础。喜马拉雅期塔河中新生界区域北倾构成了油气由北向南运移的构造背景,库车坳陷烃源岩在新近纪康村组沉 积晚期-库车组沉积早期达到高成熟期,其所生油气沿南翼斜坡的输导系统向南运移至古近系圈闭成藏。塔北地区古近系与 白垩系之间的不整合是北部陆相油气远距离侧向运移的重要通道,油气向南侧向运移直线距离超过100 km。塔北地区古近系泥 岩是良好的区域盖层,多种成藏要素相互配合造就了塔河古近系远距离油气聚集模式,该模式较为合理的解释了塔河地区古近 系油气藏分布特征,丰富了对塔河碎屑岩油气成藏规律认识,有助于塔河地区新生界碎屑岩油气勘探领域的进一步拓展。     

侏罗系烃源岩发育有利环境及条件探讨——古地理古环境编图研究

烃源岩是油气勘探的物质基础,研究其形成环境对油气勘探与开发具有极其重要的意义。为了研究侏罗系烃源岩在全球范围内的分布特征及其发育的有利条件,首先依据古地磁方法以160Ma为时间节点,对全球古板块进行再造。在此基础上,辅以地理信息系统(ARCGIS)技术,并结合前人的区域地质的研究成果,在全球板块图上叠加了侏罗系岩相古地理和烃源岩分布等元素,编制了侏罗纪全球尺度的古地理、古岩相及烃源岩分布图件。同时,统计了全球含油气盆地的侏罗系烃源岩数据531个,其中具有明确干酪根类型的数据252个,且类型主要为Ⅱ型海相浮游生物,Ⅰ和Ⅲ型干酪根发育相对较少。从中得出:沉积环境、干酪根类型、气候、海平面、上升流及构造运动等因素综合控制了烃源岩的形成和保存,其中上升流对烃源岩的形成起着尤为重要的作用。侏罗纪时期泛大陆大规模裂解,新特提斯洋和中大西洋洋脊逐渐扩张,火山活动强烈。在此构造背景下,全球大范围为温带和热带,气候温暖湿润,且暖流区海水温度适宜,上升流将底层营养物质带到浅层,有利于海洋生物生存繁殖,为烃源岩形成提供了丰富的生烃母质;海平面上升以及大规模海泛事件则为烃源岩的保存提供了有利条件。因此,新特提斯域周缘和中大西洋两岸暖流区海水温度较适宜,是烃源岩的主要发育区;浅海台地相碳酸盐岩、被动大陆边缘和裂谷相泥页岩以及陆内深湖相泥页岩是其发育的优势沉积岩相,且绝大部分烃源岩分布于波斯湾、墨西哥湾、北海、中亚以及西西伯利亚等地区。     

库车坳陷侏罗纪沉积环境和层序地层分析

通过对库车坳陷野外露头和钻井资料以及地震剖面的综合分析,对库车盆地侏罗纪沉积环境、层序划分进行了研究.库车盆地在侏罗纪时期为一非对称型坳陷型盆地,主要物源在盆地的北部.划分了13个三级层序,三个层序组,反映了三个大级别的旋回.最大湖侵期为阳霞组中上部,与当时有一个明显的气候变热期相一致.沉积环境在侏罗纪早期为辫状河-辫状河三角洲环境、中期为曲流河-三角洲环境,后期为三角洲和浅湖环境,中期有短暂的海泛发生.影响侏罗纪湖平面变化的主控因素为构造运动、气候变化、物源条件、河水的流入以及海侵的影响.在中侏罗世早期、晚期的最大湖侵和海泛的短暂时期,形成了厚层的烃源岩分布.库车坳陷侏罗系虽然砂体分布广泛,厚度较大,然而由于陆相沉积环境的控制,非均质性较强、     

塔里木盆地三大构造旋回油气成藏特征

塔里木盆地形成经历了南华纪—中泥盆世、晚泥盆世—三叠纪和侏罗纪—第四纪3大伸展-挤压构造旋回,其多旋回构造演化导致油气成藏和分布十分复杂。随着近年来盆地超深层已经成为油田的重点勘探领域,有必要对盆地的油气成藏规律进行深入探讨。本文基于最新的地震资料、钻井资料及油气地质资料,发现塔里木盆地油气规模成藏主力烃源岩为库车地区三叠系—侏罗系及塔西南地区石炭系—二叠系陆相烃源岩、台盆区寒武系海相烃源岩。盆内烃源岩及储盖组合的发育均受控于盆地3大伸展-挤压构造旋回,烃源岩的发育位置决定了塔里木盆地发育库车山前、北部坳陷、麦盖提斜坡及塔西南山前四大含油气系统。盆地在历经3大伸展-挤压旋回,其台盆区、库车前陆及塔西南前陆地区油气成藏组合差异大。台盆区发育石炭系膏泥岩与志留系—石炭系海相砂岩、奥陶系泥岩与灰岩、中寒武统膏盐岩与震旦系—寒武系白云岩储盖组合;库车地区发育新近系—第四系泥岩与砂岩、古近系膏盐层与白垩系砂岩、侏罗系泥岩与三叠系—侏罗系砂岩储盖组合;塔西南地区发育中新统泥岩-砂岩、古近系膏盐层与白垩系砂岩、石炭系—二叠系泥岩与碳酸盐岩储盖组合,分别组成了台盆区、库车及塔西南地区的上部、中部及下部...     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

NONMETALS DEPOSITS

正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.)     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology,     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.)     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se-     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with