黑龙江低温阴雨南方持续高温——2009年7月——

2009年7月主要气候特点:气温较常年同期偏高,降水较常年同期偏少.全国平均气温为22.0℃,较常年同期偏高0.6℃.西藏7月区域平均气温为1951年以来历史同期最高值,云南为次高值.全国平均降水量为109.6mm,较常年同期偏少6.3mm.青海7月区域平均降水量为1951年以来历史同期最多值. 月内我国主要天气气候事件有:黑龙江低温阴雨天气持续;热带风暴苏迪罗、台风莫拉菲先后在我国华南登陆;长江中下游及其以南地区出现持续高温天气;西北、华北等地气象干旱缓解,内蒙古中部气象干旱持续;部分地区遭受暴雨洪涝灾害;24个省(市、区)遭受强对流天气袭击.     

东北干旱严重南方高温持续——2009年8月——

2009年8月我国主要气候特点:气温偏高,降水接近常年.全国平均气温为20.9℃,较常年同期偏高0.6℃,福建、广西8月区域平均气温为1951年以来历史同期次高值.全国平均降水量为100.5mm,接近常年同期,浙江8月区域平均降水量为1951年以来历史同期次多值.     

全国大部气温偏高 "莫拉克"肆虐东部沿海——-2009年8月——

2009年8月,全国平均气温为20.9℃,较常年同期(20.3℃)偏高0.6℃.福建、广西平均气温为1951年以来历史同期次高值.全国平均降水量为100.5mm,接近常年同期.浙江平均降水量为1951年以来历史同期次多值.月内,热带风暴天鹅、台风莫拉克先后登陆我国;内蒙古中东部、吉林西部、辽宁西部等地气象干旱严重;长江中下游及其以南地区出现持续高温天气;重庆、云南、河北、内蒙古、山东、四川、安徽等地遭受暴雨、冰雹、雷击等强对流天气.     

江南和华南旱情缓解中东部地区大雾频发——2007年12月——

12月,全国平均气温为-2.3℃,较常年同期(-3.9℃)偏高1.6℃,为1951年以来历史同期第一高.四川、海南、广东、云南12月平均气温均为1951年以来历史同期次高值.全国平均降水量为10.6mm,较常年同期(10.0mm)略偏多.月内,江南、华南等地出现严重秋旱连初冬旱,下旬,大部地区旱情得到缓解;我国中东部地区出现大雾天气;下旬后期,全国出现大范围大风强降温天气,东北部分地区出现大到暴雪.     

暴雨台风局地致灾东北低温江南炎热--2009年7月--

2009年7月,我国气温较常年同期偏高,降水较常年同期偏少.全国平均气温为22.0℃,较常年同期偏高0.6℃.其中,西藏7月区域平均气温为1951年以来历史同期最高值,云南为次高值.全国平均降水量为109.6mm,较常年同期偏少6.3mm.但是本月,我国局地暴雨洪涝灾害多发,其中四川、湖南、山东等地的部分地区受灾严重,且青海7月区域平均降水量为1951年以来历史同期最多值.月内我国主要天气气候事件有:黑龙江低温阴雨天气持续;热带风暴苏迪罗、台风莫拉菲先后在我国华南登陆;长江中下游及其以南地区出现持续高温天气;我国部分地区遭受暴雨洪涝灾害;全国24个省(市、区)遭受强对流天气袭击.     

高温天气范围大东北地区降水多

2009年6月,我国气温较常年同期偏高,降水较常年同期偏少.全国平均气温为20.1℃,较常年同期偏高0.6℃.浙江6月平均气温为历史同期最高值,上海、江苏、青海、宁夏、甘肃均为次高值.全国平均降水量为90.5mm,较常年同期偏少6.5mm.江西、西藏6月平均降水量均为1951年以来历史同期次少值.月内我国主要天气气候事件有:黑龙江、吉林出现罕见持续低温阴雨天气,其中黑龙江6月平均降水量为1951年以来历史同期最大值;南方局部地区发生暴雨洪涝灾害;22省区遭受强对流天气袭击;西北地区东北部及山西北部、西藏东部等地干旱发展;热带风暴莲花、浪卡先后登陆福建、广东;下旬,高温席卷我国17省市.     

南方大范围强降雨 “风神”登陆广东——2008年6月——

6月,全国平均气温为20.2℃,较常年同期(19.5℃)偏高0.7℃;新疆月平均气温为1951年以来历史同期最高值.全国平均月降水量为111.7mm,比常年同期(97.1mm)偏多14.6mm,为近10年来最多;广东月降水量为1951年以来历史同期最多值,广西为历史同期第二多.6月份,我国南方出现大范围强降雨过程,部分地区发生暴雨洪涝灾害;宁夏中部、甘肃陇东等地气象干旱持续;局地遭受雷雨大风、冰雹等强对流天气袭击;热带风暴"风神"登陆广东深圳;地震灾区多降雨天气,对灾后重建工作不利.     

全国大部气温偏高 大雾暴雪影响严重——2007年12月——

2007年12月,全国平均气温为-2.3℃,较常年同期偏高1.6℃,为1951年以来历史同期第一高,其中,四川、海南、广东、云南12月平均气温均为1951年以来历史同期次高值;全国平均降水量为10.6mm,较常年同期略偏多。月内,江南、华南等地出现的严重秋旱连初冬旱在下旬得到一定程度的缓解;我国中东部地区出现了大范围大雾天气;下旬后期全国出现大范围大风强降温天气,东北部分地区出现大到暴雪。     

两次大范围寒潮侵袭我国

2008年12月,全国平均气温为-2.8℃,较常年同期(-3.9℃)偏高1.1℃.青海12月平均气温为1951年以来历史同期的次高值.全国平均月降水量为5.4mm,较常年同期(9.80mm)偏少4.4mm;海南区域平均降水量为1951年以朱历史同期第三大值.     

全国气温显著偏高长江中下游阴雨连绵——2009年2月——

2009年2月我国气温显著偏高,降水偏少.全国平均气温为0℃,较常年同期偏高2.8℃,为1951年以来历史同期第三高;福建、广东、广西、海南、四川、重庆、贵州、云南2月区域平均气温为1951年以来历史同期最高值;全国平均月降水量为14.9mm,较常年同期(16.4mm)偏少1.5mm.     

加强业务管理提高测报质量

我局从1999～2003年,测报工作连续4年未出现错情,在此期间共有1个250个班,9个百班无错通过上级业务部门验收.在仪器保管、使用、维护上符合要求,对外报送的各种表、簿都能做好出门合格.     

Quantifying the uncertainty of the annular mode time scale and the role of the stratosphere

The impact of high resolution modern vegetation cover on the West African climate is examined using the International Centre for Theoretical Physics Regional Climate Model implementing the NCAR Community Land Model. Two high resolution 25 km long-term simulations driven by the output from a coarser 50-km resolution simulation are performed for the period 1998–2010. One high resolution simulation uses an earlier and coarser-resolution version of plant functional type distribution and leaf area index, while the other uses a more recent, higher-quality, and finer-resolution version of the data. The results indicate that the new land cover distribution substantially alters the distribution of temperature with warming in Central Nigeria, northern Gulf of Guinea and part of the Sahel due to the replacement of C4 grass with corn; and cooling along the coastlines of the Gulf of Guinea and in Central Africa due to the replacement of C4 grass with tropical broadleaf evergreen trees. Changes in latent heat flux appear to be largely responsible for these temperature changes with a net decrease (increase) in regions of warming (cooling). The improved land cover distribution also results in a wetter monsoon season. The presence of corn tends to favor larger precipitation amounts via more intense events, while the presence of tropical broadleaf evergreen trees tends to favor the occurrence of both more intense and more frequent events. The wetter conditions appear to be sustained via (1) an enhanced soil moisture feedback; and (2) elevated moisture transport due to increased low-level convergence in regions south of 10N where the most substantial land cover differences are present. Overall the changes induced by the improved vegetation cover improve, to some extent, the performance of the high resolution regional climate model in simulating the main West African summer monsoon features.     

由中国历史气候记录对季风导致唐朝灭亡说的质疑

2007年1月4日杂志发表了Yancheva等10人的题为"Influence of the intertropical convergence zone on the East-Asian monsoon"(热带辐合带对东亚季风的影响)的论文[1],这是德国波兹坦地学研究中心气候动力与沉积学科的主管豪格(G.H.Haug)率领的科研小组的一项成果,认为是季风的变化引起的长期干旱导致了唐朝的灭亡.     

On the forecast of the onset and end of the convective season in the Amazon

Summary ?Some features of the climate system that can be considered predictors of the onset and end of the convective season over the Amazon were identified using one-month lag correlations and field composites. The fields analyzed were sea surface temperature (SST), outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR), vertical velocity and upper tropospheric winds. Warm (cold) anomalies in the SST in the tropical North Atlantic and the Caribbean Sea tend to be associated with delayed (early) onsets. Likewise, there is a tendency towards a delayed (early) end of the convective season with cold (warm) anomalies in these ocean regions. In addition, the SST in the cold tongue region of the equatorial Pacific is negatively, though weakly correlated with the onset date. The signal of this SST is more evident in the case of the end date, which is earlier with respect to its mean date in most of El Ni?o cases. The convective activity intensity itself conditions the onset and the end of the convective season, as it is evidenced by the behavior of the OLR and the vertical velocity fields. The more (less) intense the convective activity over South America during the preceding month, the earlier the onset and the later the end of the convective season on the Amazon region. The prediction of the onset and end dates of the convective season in the Amazon region was explored using a simple multiple regression technique based on the variables that have shown precursor signals with respect to these dates. The correlation coefficient between the predicted and the observed onset date is 0.81, and in the case of the end date, it is 0.76. The skill to predict early, delayed and normal categories was high, since in more than two thirds of the cases the category was successfully predicted, and there were no predictions of categories opposed to those observed. Received July 23, 2001; revised February 22, 2002; accepted April 26, 2002     

Comparing the theoretical versions of the Beaufort scale, the T-Scale and the Fujita scale

2005 is the bicentenary of the Beaufort Scale and its wind-speed codes: the marine version in 1805 and the land version later. In the 1920s when anemometers had come into general use, the Beaufort Scale was quantified by a formula based on experiment. In the early 1970s two tornado wind-speed scales were proposed: (1) an International T-Scale based on the Beaufort Scale; and (2) Fujita's damage scale developed for North America. The International Beaufort Scale and the T-Scale share a common root in having an integral theoretical relationship with an established scientific basis, whereas Fujita's Scale introduces criteria that make its intensities non-integral with Beaufort. Forces on the T-Scale, where T stands for Tornado force, span the range 0 to 10 which is highly useful world wide. The shorter range of Fujita's Scale (0 to 5) is acceptable for American use but less convenient elsewhere. To illustrate the simplicity of the decimal T-Scale, mean hurricane wind speed of Beaufort 12 is T2 on the T-Scale but F1.121 on the F-Scale; while a tornado wind speed of T9 (= B26) becomes F4.761. However, the three wind scales can be uni-fied by either making F-Scale numbers exactly half the magnitude of T-Scale numbers [i.e. F′half = T / 2 = (B / 4) − 4] or by doubling the numbers of this revised version to give integral equivalence with the T-Scale. The result is a decimal formula F′double = T = (B / 2) − 4 named the TF-Scale where TF stands for Tornado Force. This harmonious 10-digit scale has all the criteria needed for world-wide practical effectiveness.     

准两年振荡对大气中微量气体分布的影响

NCAR的包含化学、辐射、动力相互作用的两维模式（SOCRATES）移植回国后进行了初步的模拟试验,用以研究某些对环境问题重要的微量气体的化学、辐射、动力传输过程。在不考虑极地平流层云和气溶胶表面非均相化学等情况下,模式积分多年,计算结果稳定,模拟的风场、温度场显示出正常的季节变化,模拟的微量气体分布与卫星实测资料对照,结果也比较一致。为了探讨热带平流层风场的准两年周期振荡（QBO）对平流层微量气体分布的影响,我们做了QBO强迫的数值试验,即在模式中加入QBO强迫,并与不考虑QBO强迫的模拟结果对比。结果表明,QBO与其相关的次级环流所引起动力输送的变化,使平流层微量气体分布发生变化。     

Analysis of the Characteristics of the Low-level Jets in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River during the Mei-yu Season

Here, we analyze the characteristics and the formation mechanisms of low-level jets(LLJs) in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River during the 2010 mei-yu season using Wuhan station radiosonde data and the fifth generation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ERA5) reanalysis dataset. Our results show that the vertical structure of LLJs is characterized by a predominance of boundary layer jets(BLJs) concentrated at heights of 900–1200 m.The BLJs occur most frequently at 230...     

流场配置及地形对西南低涡形成的动力作用

本文采用定常二层模式讨论较小地形及高、低层流场配置对西南低涡形成的动力作用。指出了西南低涡的形成是与盆地、河谷以及其上气流分层有关的一种定常态.在上、下为西风分层时期,低层的浅薄暖湿西风有利于西南低涡的形成.在上、下为东、西风分层时期,上层浅薄东风亦有利于西南低涡的形成.小型的凸起山脉对西南低涡的形成没有作用.