发射光谱法测定勘查地球化学样品中银硼锡钼铅

以K2S2O7、NaF、Al2O3和炭粉为缓冲剂，Ge为内标，电弧发射光谱法测定勘查地球化学样品中Ag、B、Sn、Mo、Pb。方法检出限为Ag0．013μg／g、B0．83μg/g、Sn0．23μg／g、Mo0．073μg/g、Pb0．37μg／g。方法精密度（RSD，n=12）为Ag4．2％～11．3％、B3．2％～6．5％、Sn2．6％～7．1％、Mo2．9％～6．3％、Pb1．57％～5．18％。测定了国家一级地球化学标准物质，结果与标准值相符。     

云南个旧矿区南部矿床原生晕垂直分带研究——以龙树脚矿段为例

矿床原生晕的垂直分带研究是寻找隐伏矿体和盲矿体的有效方法之一。本文通过对 30余种元素的分析 ,研究元素的分带指数、变化系数和变化指数梯度差 ,由此得出矿床原生晕由上至下的垂直分带为 :Mn Cd Zn Sn Cu Au Hg As( 1 82 0中段 ) ;Bi W Co Sb( 1 730中段 ) ;Mo Y( 1 70 0中段 ) ;Ni V Nb Sr La Sc Ti Yb Be Ag( 1 6 4 0中段 ) ;Pb Ga B Ba( 1 5 2 0中段 )。 30种元素的分带序列为 :Mn Ag1 Pb1 Cd Zn Sn Cu Au Hg As Bi W Co Sb Mo Y Ni V Nb Sr Cr La Sc Ti Yb Be Ag2 Pb2 Ga B Ba。     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定铜精矿中银砷铅锌

铜精矿经混合酸消解溶样处理，标准溶液中加入一定含量的Cu、Fe进行基体匹配，电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定矿样中的银、砷、铅、锌。方法基体效应较小，各待测元素之间没有明显干扰，用于分析有证标准物质和实际样品，分析结果与推荐值和其他常规方法测定值一致，均在允许误差范围内。方法的回收率为Ag87％～95％、As91％～103％、Pb92％～110％、Zn88％～108％，方法的精密度（RSD，n=12）为0．55％-1．52％。与现行的单元素分析方法相比，建立的方法分析周期短，适用于大宗铜精矿商品进出口的检验。     

发射光谱法快速测定银锡铜铅锌钼铍

使用两台摄谱仪同时接收光谱，以K2S2O7、NaF、Al2O3为缓冲剂，Ge、Sb为内标，测定化探样品中7项元素，检出限(μg／g)分别是：Ag0．02，Sn0．5，Cu 1，Pb 2，Zn 10，Mo 0．2，Be 0．5；精密度(RSD，n=20)在2．9％～16．8％。采用国家一级标准物质验证方法可靠性，测定结果与标准值一致。     

全谱直读等离子体发射光谱法测定高纯金中的杂质元素

用新型号的全谱直读等离子体发射光谱仪测定了高纯金中的杂质元素，进行了分析谱线的选择，功率、气体流量等工作条件的优化，选用内标法校正标准溶液与样品溶液基体不同的影响。取样量为0．5g时，方法的测定下限为0．02～4．67μg/g，回收率在90％～101％，当待测元素含量大于5μg/g时，分析结果的相对标准偏差小于5％。方法用于实际样品的分析，结果与其他方法相符。     

深孔电极发射光谱法测定地质样品中Be、B、Pb、Mo、Sn、Cu、Ag、Zn

本法是在样品中加入适量的缓冲剂,使难发挥元素Be形成易挥发的氟化物,与B、Pb、Mo、Sn、Cu、Ag、Zn等元素在同一时间内蒸发,利用深电孔极的分馏效应,有效地降低光谱背景以及被测元素的检出限。加入内标元素,提高了方法的准确度和精密度。采用深孔电极,取样量大,代表性好。一次摄谱,同时检测多个元素,大大提高了工作效率,又减少了测试费用。方法操作简便,适合于大批量样品的测试。检出限ω(B)/10-6分别达到:Be:0.50、B:0.91、Sn:0.50、Ag:0.02等,均满足《覆盖区多目标地球化学调查样品测试及质量监控暂行规定》规定。     

发射光谱载体蒸馏法测定地质样品中微量硼铍锡银

选择了适合的缓冲剂,利用载体蒸馏法将被测元素与基体元素分离,使Be转变为易挥发的氟化物与B、Sn、Ag同时蒸发;降低了谱线背景及元素检出限;加入内标元素Au、Bi,提高了方法的准确度和精密度;采用普通 3mm×3mm×0.7mm杯型电极,装样量少,操作简单。方法检出限(wB/10-6)分别可达B1.5、Be0.3、Sn0.8、Ag0.02;准确度(Δlog C)基本在-0.05～0.05,精密度(RSD,n=8)为2.9%～17%。     

氯化反应在发射光谱分析上的应用—同时测定化探样品中十个痕量元素

本方法提出化探样品中测定十个痕量元素(W、Bi、Ag、Ga等)。这些在矿物中的痕量元素和化学反应剂,在电极高温电弧中立即转化成易挥发的化合物。然后达到与基体元素有效的分离。十个元素测定下限为(ppm):W1,Tl1,Cdl,Bi0.3,Ga0.3,In 0.3,Ge 0.3,Mo 0.3,Sn0.3,Ag 0.01。     

深孔电极载体蒸馏光谱法测定化探样品中八个易挥发元素

以碘化铵、硫酸钠、硫粉、碳粉、氧化钙、二氧化硅混合物为缓冲剂，深孔电极，截取曝光，以谱带背景作内标，一次摄谱同时测定化探样品中As、Sb、Bi、Ag、Pb、Cd、Tl、Sn等微量元素。方法精密度（RSD，n=10）为1．2％-5．0％，检出限为0．013—1．0μg／g。方法经国家一级标准物质验证，测定结果与标准值基本相符。     

辽西北票早侏罗世兴隆沟组英安岩的地球化学特征

辽西北票早侏罗世兴隆沟组英安岩具有埃达克岩的地球化学特征。它们具有较高的SiO2（≥63．93％）、Al2O3（≥15．40％）、Na2O（≥3．65％）和MgO（≥2．32％，Mg^#=0．48～0．61）含量，较高的Sr（〉463μg／g）、Cr（〉119μg／g）、Ni（〉75μg／g）含量，较低的Yb（〈1．70μg／g）、Y（〈17μg/g）含量，高的La／Yb（〉18）、Sr／Y（〉34）值和低Rb／Sr（≤0．31）比值，稀土元素强烈分馏，弱的负铕异常（Eu／Eu^＋=0．80～0．87）．它们的Nd同位素（^143Nd/^144Nd=0．512414～0．512502．εND（t）=-2．10～-0．38，TDM：0．89～1．02Ga），Sr同位素（^87Sr／^86Sr=0．7073～0．7075，8Sr（t）=11．16～13．78）和Pb同位素（^206Pb／^204Pb=18．28～18．40，^207Pb／^204Pb=15．42～15．53，^208Ph／^204Pb=38．08～38．27）组成与华北陆块古老的岩石圈地幔及其中的中晚侏罗世和早白垩世火山岩不同。这表明兴隆沟组英安岩可能是古亚洲洋壳残片部分熔融形成的，熔体在上升过程中与地幔楔发生过强烈的混染作用。据此，推测古亚洲洋曾向华北陆块发生过俯冲作用。     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

高压微波消解法测定醋酸纤维过滤器采集的微尘粒子中的砷镉钴铬铜铁锰镍铅钒锌

最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提     

Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites

Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.     

Roles of xenomelts,xenoliths, xenocrysts,xenovolatiles, residues,and skarns in the genesis,transport, and localization of magmatic Fe-Ni-Cu-PGE sulfides and chromite

Most sulfide-rich magmatic Ni-Cu-(PGE) deposits form in dynamic magmatic systems by partial melting S-bearing wall rocks with variable degrees of assimilation of miscible silicate and volatile components, and generation of barren to weakly-mineralized immiscible Fe sulfide xenomelts into which Ni-Cu-Co-PGE partition from the magma. Some exceptionally-thick magmatic Cr deposits may form by partial melting oxide-bearing wall rocks with variable degrees of assimilation of the miscible silicate and volatile components, and generation of barren Fe ± Ti oxide xenocrysts into which Cr-Mg-V ± Ti partition from the magma. The products of these processes are variably preserved as skarns, residues, xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and xenovolatiles, which play important to critical roles in ore genesis, transport, localization, and/or modification. Incorporation of barren xenoliths/autoliths may induce small amounts of sulfide/chromite to segregate, but incorporation of sulfide xenomelts or oxide xenocrysts with dynamic upgrading of metal tenors (PGE > Cu > Ni > Co and Cr > V > Ti, respectively) is required to make significant ore deposits. Silicate xenomelts are only rarely preserved, but will be variably depleted in chalcophile and ferrous metals. Less dense felsic xenoliths may aid upward sulfide transport by increasing the effective viscosity and decreasing the bulk density of the magma. Denser mafic or metamorphosed xenoliths may also increase the effective viscosity of the magma, but may aid downward sulfide transport by increasing the bulk density of the magma. Sulfide wets olivine, so olivine xenocrysts may act as filter beds to collect advected finely dispersed sulfide droplets, but other silicates and xenoliths may not be wetted by sulfides. Xenovolatiles may retard settling of – or in some cases float – dense sulfide droplets. Reactions of sulfide melts with felsic country rocks may generate Fe-rich skarns that may allow sulfide melts to fractionate to more extreme Cu-Ni-rich compositions. Xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and xenovolatiles are more likely to be preserved in cooler basaltic magmas than in hotter komatiitic magmas, and are more likely to be preserved in less dynamic (less turbulent) systems/domain/phases than in more dynamic (more turbulent) systems/domains/phases. Massive to semi-massive Ni-Cu-PGE and Cr mineralization and xenoliths are often localized within footwall embayments, dilations/jogs in dikes, throats of magma conduits, and the horizontal segments of dike-chonolith and dike-sill complexes, which represent fluid dynamic traps for both ascending and descending sulfides/oxides. If skarns, residues, xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and/or xenovolatiles are present, they provide important constraints on ore genesis and they are valuable exploration indicators, but they must be included in elemental and isotopic mass balance calculations.     

Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA

The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources.     

Regional distribution of Al,B, Ba,Ca, K,La, Mg,Mn, Na,P, Rb,Si, Sr,Th, U and Y in terrestrial moss within a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region: influence of geology,seaspray and human activity

Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km² area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population).     

Petrographic, mineralogy, and geochemistry of coals of Pabedana, Kerman Province, Central Iran

This paper discusses the result of the detailed investigations carried out on the coal characteristics, including coal petrography and its geochemistry of the Pabedana region. A total of 16 samples were collected from four coal seams d2, d4, d5, and d6 of the Pabedana underground mine which is located in the central part of the Central-East Iranian Microcontinent. These samples were reduced to four samples through composite sampling of each seam and were analyzed for their petrographic, mineralogical, and geochemical compositions. Proximate analysis data of the Pabedana coals indicate no major variations in the moisture, ash, volatile matter, and fixed carbon contents in the coals of different seams. Based on sulfur content, the Pabedana coals may be classified as low-sulfur coals. The low-sulfur contents in the Pabedana coal and relatively low proportion of pyritic sulfur suggest a possible fresh water environment during the deposition of the peat of the Pabedana coal. X-ray diffraction and petrographic analyses indicate the presence of pyrite in coal samples. The Pabedana coals have been classified as a high volatile, bituminous coal in accordance with the vitrinite reflectance values (58.75–74.32 %) and other rank parameters (carbon, calorific value, and volatile matter content). The maceral analysis and reflectance study suggest that the coals in all the four seams are of good quality with low maceral matter association. Mineralogical investigations indicate that the inorganic fraction in the Pabedana coal samples is dominated by carbonates; thus, constituting the major inorganic fraction of the coal samples. Illite, kaolinite, muscovite, quartz, feldspar, apatite, and hematite occur as minor or trace phases. The variation in major elements content is relatively narrow between different coal seams. Elements Sc,, Zr, Ga, Ge, La, As, W, Ce, Sb, Nb, Th, Pb, Se, Tl, Bi, Hg, Re, Li, Zn, Mo, and Ba show varying negative correlation with ash yield. These elements possibly have an organic affinity and may be present as primary biological concentrations either with tissues in living condition and/or through sorption and formation of organometallic compounds.