山西昔阳地震台、河北张家口地震台体应变观测资料分析与研究

以山西昔阳地震台和河北张家口地震台体应变观测资料为基础,运用地震前兆信息分析处理软件,对2001年至2008年国内M 6.0以上及国外有较大影响的地震,提取固体潮和地震前兆特征信息进行分析,进一步研究体应变固体潮的异常变化与地震的关系。     

临汾中心地震台体应变大幅变化的异常分析

为明确临汾中心地震台体应变大幅变化的原因,按照中国地震局异常核实要求,山西省地震局进行异常落实。通过对体应变观测系统、观测环境等情况和钻孔辅助观测资料进行分析,重点利用固体潮振幅比和频谱分析方法对异常数据进行对比,认为引起体应变大幅变化的原因是传感器故障,属于非地震前兆异常。     

安徽前兆测项固体潮加卸载响应比综合研究

试验表明,加卸载响应比的异常变化具有明确的物理意义.已有研究大都分析地下水位、地倾斜单测项加卸载响应比变化规律.在对安徽省近30个台站地下水位、地倾斜、体应变多年观测资料整理分析的基础上,通过振幅因子响应率计算固体潮加卸载响应比,以一定范围内发生的中等以上地震,作为主要震例,综合分析了前兆测项加卸载响应比的变化特征,提出了资料分析和地震趋势预测的方法和依据.     

连云港地震台钻孔应变同震变化观测资料分析

对连云港地震台钻孔体应变2009年1月—2013年12月数字化观测资料与气压、水位、降雨的影响进行相关分析,并进行潮汐因子M2波、周日波变化分析,获得地震前形变临震异常特征。结果表明:1气压变化以短周期正相关干扰为主,在时间上表现为准同步变化;体应变和水位变化具有较好的准同步性;降雨过程、降雨量及降雨时间等与体应变密切相关;2当地下介质性质发生变化时,固体潮发生畸变,潮汐因子变化可作为取得地震前兆的有效途径之一。     

24小时拟合检验方法的应用

地震前兆观测中有许多方法都能观测出固体潮汐的变化,如重力、倾斜、应变、地下水位等。固体潮汐的观测资料除用于地球结构、地球物理性能等的研究之外,主要用于地震预报、是地震前兆观测中能够预知其正常背景的手段。知道了正常变化范围,就能区分出异常变化。从中再找出地震前兆的异常变化。 固体潮观测的各手段进行地震预报时,普遍应用潮波的观测振幅与理论振幅的比值的变化和漂移     

库尔勒地震台数字化地壳形变观测系统维护及资料分析

引言随着“九五”前兆数字化改造的完成,库尔勒地震台已建成以地壳形变观测为主,集测震地下流体等观测的综合数字化地震台站。固体潮是目前唯一能够预先准确计算出理论值的地球物理现象,振幅因子反映了地壳弹性性质在震前发生的变化。因此,可以用固体潮的理论值来拟合固体潮的实际观测,对固体潮观测进行内在精度的拟合检验,提取前兆信息(蒋骏等,2000)。1台站概况及噪声分析1.1台站概况库尔勒地震台是新疆地震局直属的综合地震台。现有观测项目为:测震(CTS1型数字地震仪);地倾斜(SQ70型石英倾斜仪);跨断层仪(MD系列);自动测氡仪(SD3);以…     

自流井水温固体潮效应及其应变响应能力

井水温度观测是一项重要的地震前兆观测手段,旨在捕捉地震孕育过程中的应力-应变信息。水温固体潮效应作为地壳应力-应变信息的真实反映和地震前兆观测的干扰因素,具有重要的研究意义。本文首先依据对自流井中热状态的分析,认为自流井水温固体潮效应可能主要存在两种机制,即热传导机制和热对流机制;据此,推导出热传导机制中水温与固体潮体应变变化的定量关系;最后以流量相对较大的本溪自流井为例进行分析。结果表明,本溪井水温固体潮效应是热传导机制和热对流机制共同作用的结果,其中,热传导机制起主要作用。     

固体潮调和分析及效能评价

本文选择四川省条件较好的台站的摆式倾斜仪。水管倾义、石英伸缩仪１９８７年以来的固体潮观测资料,采用Ｖｅｎｅｄｉｋｏｖ调和分析方法处理,提取各台倾斜固体潮、硐体应变固体潮全日波（Ｑ１波）和半日波（Ｍ２波）的潮汐因子γ、α值及相位滞后因子△Ψ值,分析其在中强地震前的变化特点,探索地震前兆异常 。     

2012年天津地区三次地震前水位对固体潮振幅响应计算分析

2012年在天津及其周边地区发生了唐山4.8级, 宝坻4.0级和宝坻3.5级三次地震。 本文收集整理了天津地区固体潮反映较好的宝坻井、 王3井、 高村井以及张道口井2012年的水位观测数据和气压数据。 采用卷积回归和多项式拟合方法, 对水位观测数据进行气压效应及趋势项的去除, 并对水位数据进行数字滤波处理, 增强水位固体潮信号。 在对数据进行以上有效预处理后, 采用类似于Nakai拟合模型, 以每两天数据为一组, 分别对不同窗口长度滤波处理后的水位数据进行体应变固体潮响应振幅因子比的计算。 计算结果表明, 三次地震前比值均出现明显高值变化。 经比较当窗长选取96 h和120 h进行滤波时计算效果最为明显, 其异常成组出现, 并且变化幅度较大。 由以上这四口井水位对固体潮响应振幅因子比在三次地震发生前后的变化分析, 地震前由于应力的积累, 比值会出现高值变化, 小震活动对应力的积累具有缓解释放作用, 并且结合地震活动以及震源机制解可以对应力的积累-释放过程有一定的了解与印证。     

形变数字化资料对山西地区地震前兆反应研究

使用张家口、怀来、赤城、宽城、易县和涉县6个地震台站共计43个观测项目的数字化资料,针对2002年至2005年山西地区发生的4次ML≥4．0地震,进行了地震前兆、同震反应及震后效应的系统研究。结果发现．河北省数字化资料对,1次山西4．0级以上地震前兆反应主要以应变为主,包括体应变和线应变,异常形态以固体潮畸变和抖动为主。     

On the synchronism in the events within the core and on the surface of the earth: the changes in the organic world and in the polarity of the geomagnetic field in the phanerozoic

The data on geomagnetic reversals are compared with the changes in the organic world and with the lower-mantle plumes. The times of the formation of plumes and the times of their appearance on the Earth’s surface relate to the intervals characterized by the different frequencies of geomagnetic reversals, i.e., there is no interrelation between the formation of plumes and the frequency of the changes in the geomagnetic field polarity. At the same time, a certain synchronism is observed between the frequency of the geomagnetic reversals and the boundaries of the biostratigraphic ages, i.e., the changes in the organic world in the long-period range. A hypothesis is proposed, which explains the change in the sign of the geomagnetic field by the combined effect of the irregular rotation of the internal core relative to the mantle and the changes in the slope angle of the axis of the Earth’s rotation, which, in turn, results in synchronous events on the Earth’s surface: the rates of changes in the organic world.     

Comparison Between the Nutations of the Planet Mars and the Nutations of the Earth

The nutations of the planets Mars andEarth are investigated and compared. Alarge number of interior structureparameters are involved in the nutationcomputations. The comparison between the observations and the computationsprovides several constraints on these parmeters andtherefore allows a better understanding of the physics of the interior of theplanet. For the Earth, the high precision of the observations of the nutationshas led to a very good determination of interior properties of the planet. ForMars, observations of nutations are not yet available, and we review how theamplitude of the Martian nutations depends on the hypotheses consideredfor its interior. Although Mars is very similar to the Earth, its interior is not well known;for example, we don't knowif its core is liquid or solid. Only if the core is liquid,the Free Core Nutation (FCN) normal mode exists and can alter the nutationswhich are close to the resonance. From the observed geoids, it is known thatboth planets are not in hydrostatic equilibrium. The departure is larger forMars than for the Earth, and consequently, the implication of considering a convective mantle instead of a mantle in hydrostatic equilibrium described byClairaut's equation for the initial equilibrium state of the planet is largeron the Martian nutations than on the Earth nutations. The consequences of theuncertainty in the core dimensions are also examined and shown to be of a veryhigh influence for Mars if the core is liquid, due to the potential changes inthe FCN resonance. The influence of the presence of an inner core, which isknown to exist for the Earth, could be more important for Mars than for theEarth if the inner core is large. Due to the presence of Tharsis on Mars, thetriaxiality of this planet has, additionally, larger effects than on Earth.     

太平洋中部地磁台11年周期变化的研究

综合APIA、HONOLULU、PAMATAI 3个地磁台三分量的11年周期变化的形态后,可定性地提出该变化源于内场。如内源为核幔边界的电涡流,则其中心点应位于3台之间。     

On the use of the autocorrelation method for estimating the depth to the magnetic basement

The depth to the top of magnetic dykes can be estimated from total field aeromagnetic data using the relation between the depth to magnetic sources and the autocorrelation function of magnetic data. By using synthetic anomalies we show that in the ideal case, depth can be determined to an accuracy of 10% or better, when the anomaly sources are two-dimensional dykes. However, the estimated depths depend on the width of the dykes. The estimated depth is about 0.6 times the actual depth to the top of thin dykes, and around the true depth for thick dykes having width-to-depth ratio around 3. The depth is considerably overestimated for very thick dykes (e.g., contacts, which is a special case of the thick dyke). Thus, the autocorrelation method requires that the width-to-depth ratio of the dyke is estimated independently to correctly estimate the depths. Alternatively, it must be assumed that the width-to-depth ratio for the two-dimensional source body is between 1.5 and 4.     

固体潮的地震预测研究与地球动力学研究之分析比较

本文分析了现行固体潮地震研究中的历史影响,对比研究了固体潮地震预测研究和固体潮地球动力学研究二者在振动频率、振动源体积、传输距离与介质等方面的地球物理特点与本质区别,强调了固体潮地震预测研究中最根本的工作是建立地震预测的目标和基本概念.     

On the Mechanism of the Secular Tidal Acceleration of the Solid Inner Core and the Viscosity of the Liquid Core

As is known, the secular deceleration of the Earth's diurnal rotation is explained mainly by the tidal friction in the ocean. Below we consider this mechanism in some detail, taking into account also elastic deformations of the mantle under the action of ocean loading and the interaction between the tide-generating body, ocean tidal wave, liquid outer core, and solid inner core. It is shown that elastic displacements of the core-mantle boundary under the action of ocean loading are of about the same amplitude and phase as the elastic loading displacements of the Earth's outer surface. As a result, side by side with the mechanism of secular deceleration of diurnal rotation of the mantle, there are also (1) the opposite mechanism of secular acceleration of diurnal rotation of the outer liquid core and of the solid inner core and (2) the mechanism of excitation of differential rotation in the liquid core. Taking these effects into account, we compare theoretical and modern observed data on the eastward drift of the solid inner core. It is shown that the best agreement may be obtained if the turbulent viscosity of the liquid core is about 2 × 10 ³ Poise     

Macrobenthic communities of the Pechora Sea: the past and the present on the threshhold of the prirazlomnoye oil-field exploitation

On data of bottom sampling, carried out by means of grab, trawl and underwater photography in August–September of 1993 in the area of the Pechora Sea, quantitative regularities of macrobenthos distribution are described for the ecological monitoring purposes. Maps of -biodiversity and biomass indices, bottom communities and trophic zones, singled out by dominant method, are presented. Assessment of structure changes of the investigated area bottom communities during the last 60–70 years is fulfilled. It is shown that the described communities on the whole are of natural undisturbed character and that the revealed changes are within the natural fluctuations in the abundance of benthic populations or may be interpreted in terms of methodical differences in the data analysis and generalization by different authors.     

On the maintenance of the axisymmetric part of the flow in the atmosphere

Summary The maintenance of the axisymmetric component of the flow in the atmosphere is investigated by means of a steady-state, quasi-geostrophic formulation of the meteorological equations. It is shown that the meridional variations in the time-averaged axisymmetric variables can be expressed as the sum of three contributions, one being due to the eddy heat transport, another to the eddy momentum transport, and a third to the convective-radiative equilibrium temperature which enters the problem through the specification of a Newtonian form of diabatic heating. The contributions by the large scale eddies are evaluated through the use of observed values for the eddy heat and momentum transports.The contributions from each of the three forcing mechanisms to the temperature and zonal wind fields are invstigated individually and found to be of about equal importance. The sum of the three contributions are also presented for the temperature, the zonal wind, the stream function associated with the mean meridional circulation and the corresponding vertical motion. Although the results fail to reproduce the main observed features of the lower stratosphere, they are found to be in good agreement with observations in the middle latitude troposphere. At any pressure level, for example, the computed mean zonal wind has a jet-like profile and the axis of the jet is found to slope to the south with height, as observed in the atmosphere.Based in part on a thesis submitted by the first author as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree at the University of Michigan. — Publication No. 194 from the Department of Meteorology and Oceanography, The University of Michigan.     

动水压力对深水桥墩地震响应影响的研究综述

地震激励下处于深水中的桥墩和周围水体的相互作用将对桥梁结构的动力响应产生较大影响。首先对地震作用下水-桥墩的相互作用理论做了概括,给出了动水压力对桥墩的作用效应及各自的适用范围;对主要的三种考虑流固耦合效应的分析方法做了对比,探讨了地震作用下影响水-结构相互作用的主要因素,并对今后的研究提出了建议。     

中国大陆构造环境监测网络基准站多路径效应影响因素浅析

在数据完整率达到95%的基础上,为进一步确保中国大陆构造环境监测网络GNSS基准站观测数据质量,选取2010—2020年全国基准站观测数据,采用TEQC软件进行质量检验,分类整理其中多路径效应计算结果呈典型特征的台站,结合观测环境状态,对多路径效应存在的区域性特征进行分析,发现除接收机天线周围发生遮挡外,硬件更换、台站周围地势差等因素,均对多路径效应产生不同程度的影响,可为建站选址和观测环境监测工作提供参考。