台湾省以东副热带环流区大中型浮游桡足类的生态特征

根据1995-1997年期间在台湾岛以东副热带环流区进行4个季度月的综合调查资料，分析了该海域浮游桡足类的数量分布及其群落的生态特征，探讨其与环境因素的相关性．结果表明，本区大中型浮游桡足类呈低丰度（4个季度平均为6．75个／m^3）、低优势度（Y〈0．131）以及季节变化幅度小等特点．所记录的206种浮游桡足类中，5种生态类群共存．不同性质水系在测区间的动态制约着不同生态类群的配比，但丝毫左右不了热带大洋广布类群的主导地位．     

台湾海峡西部海域浮游桡足类的生态

本文根据1984年5月—1985年2月在台湾海峡中线以西海域不(含海岸带水域)4个季度月综合调查及海潭岛南部外海定点昼夜垂直分层采集所获浮游动物样品进行分析,结果表明,本海域浮游挠足类188种(国内新记录7种,本海区首次记录19种),主要的优势种有锥形宽水蚤、中华哲水蚤、精致真刺水蚤、普通波水蚤等。其群落组成以热带和亚热带种为主,少数为暖温带种。根据其生态习性及分布特点可分为近岸低盐、外海高盐及广温广盐三个生态类群。海潭岛南部外海浮游挠足类的昼夜垂直移动可分为移动显著和不显著两种类型。本海区浮游桡足类种数的季节变化和平面分布均与温、盐度的变化趋势基本一致,其不同生态习性的浮游桡足类的分布与影响本海区的水系的消长密切相关。     

北黄海浮游桡足类分类学多样性研究

根据2006-2007年在北黄海海域进行的4个航次浮游动物生态调查,结合1959年至今该海域的主要历史资料,建立了较全面的北黄海浮游桡足类主名录,计算了该海域浮游桡足类的分类学多样性指数,研究了分类学多样性的季节变化及平面分布,并根据平均分类差异指数(△+)对北黄海浮游桡足类群落稳定性进行了判断.结果显示,北黄海浮游桡足类共记录44种,隶属于4目、14科、21属;平均分类差异指数和分类差异变异指数(∧+)的理论平均值分别为82.2和334.4;调查期间4个航次浮游桡足类平均分类差异指数均高于北黄海总体桡足类的平均分类差异指数;分类多样性指数(△)冬季最高,秋季略高于春季,夏季最低;分类差异指数(△*)秋季最高,冬季次之,春季最低;平均分类差异指数夏、春季高于秋、冬季;各调查站位分类学多样性指数分布不均匀,这与黄海暖流以及黄海冷水团的存在有关;调查海区4个航次平均分类差异指数值均落在北黄海总体桡足类的95%置信漏斗曲线内,北黄海浮游桡足类群落稳定性较好.     

台湾以北海域浮游桡足类生物海洋学特征的研究：II.群落特征

在对台湾以北海域浮游桡足类生物海洋学特征进行数量分布方面的研究后的续篇,重点对本海区浮游桡足类的群落结构和群落性质以及与栖区环境条件间的关系作了分析探讨。结果表明,本区桡足类群落结构种类组成复杂,出现种类共２３７种,但周年共有种比例仅为３２％,桡足类群落的多样度和均匀度年均值各为３．７１４和０．６９０,在平面分布上呈外部海区高于近岸海区的大体趋势,本区群落可划分为５个生态类群,其中暖水性外海高温偏     

秋季福清湾及其附近海域浮游桡足类调查

为了解福清湾及其附近海域水环境和浮游生物状况,促进当地海洋渔业资源的开发利用,文章布设24个站位,采用2种网型,于2016年秋季对该海域浮游桡足类的种类组成、生态类群、优势种、主要优势种和丰度分布以及生物多样性进行调查分析;在此基础上,总结桡足类群落特征,并与历史资料进行对比。研究结果表明:福清湾及其附近海域桡足类种类丰富,共获取51种,哲水蚤目的种数和丰度占绝对优势;受浙闽沿岸流、台湾暖流和龙江不同程度的影响,以近岸暖水生态类群为主,近岸暖温和外海广布生态类群较多,河口生态类群最少;2种网型的共有优势种为亚强次真哲水蚤(Subeucalanus subcrassus)、太平洋纺锤水蚤(Acartia pacifica)和针刺拟哲水蚤(Paracalanus aculeatus),共有种且为优势种的有9种;主要优势种和丰度在各站位的分布有所差异;多样性指数处于中上水平,生态系统较健康和稳定,种类有小型化趋势;与以往调查相比,桡足类种数有所增加,真刺唇角水蚤(Labidocera euchaeta)丰度有所下降且非优势种,外海广布生态类群的增加表明该海域受台湾暖流高温高盐水的影响较明显。     

长江口及邻近海域浮游桡足类分类多样性研究

利用2003年6月和2006年6月在长江口及邻近海域进行的2次大面调查所采集的浮游桡足类网采样品,并结合前人的研究,综合整理了长江口及邻近海域的浮游桡足类种名录,分析了桡足类的种类组成,并采用分类多样性指数(Δ)、分类差异指数(Δ*)、平均分类差异指数(Δ+)和分类差异变异指数(Λ+)对长江口及邻近海域浮游桡足类的分类多样性进行了研究。结果表明:长江口及其邻近海域浮游桡足类有222种,隶属于4目,33科,70属;其中2003年夏季共记录到浮游桡足类72种,2006年夏季102种。根据长江口及邻近海域浮游桡足类总名录,计算了其平均分类差异指数(Δ+)和分类差异变异指数(Λ+)的理论平均值及95%置信漏斗曲线。其平均分类差异指数的理论平均值为84.9,高于2003年6月和2006年6月研究水域的平均分类差异指数的平均值。该研究可为长江口及其邻近海域浮游桡足类多样性动态研究提供基础资料,并为同类型水域的相关研究提供借鉴。     

盐度对九龙江口桡足类分布的影响

九龙江口盐度变化幅度很大,从E站的0.04增加到C站的31.7。桡足类的分布明显受到盐度变化的影响,其种数、多样性指数(H')、种类丰度(d)及均匀度(J')都随盐度的上升而增加;但其数量(特别是D站以下)有随盐度的增加而减少的趋势,这主要是由优势种(火腿许水蚤、中华异水蚤及纺锤水蚤)的数量所决定。根据桡足类在不同盐度中的分布,可把它们划分为淡水(<0.5)、河口低盐(0.5—15)、河口中盐(15—25)、沿岸(20—30)和外海(<30)五种生态类群。从它们在九龙江口的分布中可明显看出,由河口上部移向河口口部,这五种生态类群随着盐度的逐渐升高而变化,也就是淡水类群→河口低盐类群→河口中盐类群→沿岸类群→外海类群演替。这种生态类群的演替趋势,正反映出河口盐度从河口上部低盐向河口口部高盐的变化规律。此外,本文对桡足类的季节分布及其与盐度的关系也作了扼要的叙述。     

雷州半岛沿岸海域浮游桡足类的分布特征及其影响因素

根据2017年10月和2018年1、5、7月对雷州半岛沿岸海域浮游动物四个季度的调查数据,分析了浮游桡足类群落组成的季节变化及其影响因素.结果共鉴定出浮游桡足类80种,其中哲水蚤目55种,占总种类数的68.7％;剑水蚤目21种,占总种类数的26.2％;猛水蚤目3种,占总种类数的3.8％;鱼虱目1种,占总种类数的1.3％...     

丹江口水库浮游甲壳动物的群落变化以及与环境因子关系

通过2013年12月至2014年10月分4个季度的库区调查采样以及实验室内检测分析,对丹江口水库浮游甲壳动物的群落结构变化以及生物多样性进行了研究。结果表明,丹江口水库浮游甲壳动物种类总数为20属28种,其中枝角类13种,桡足类15种。优势种为透明溞、僧帽溞、汤匙华哲水蚤、近邻剑水蚤、广布中剑水蚤和透明温剑水蚤,其中透明溞和汤匙华哲水蚤是全年优势种。丹江口浮游甲壳动物生物密度从2013年12月至10月呈增长趋势。Shannon-wiener多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数和Pielou均匀度指数四个季度差异不明显,但变化趋势不一致。运用典型对应分析(CCA)方法对环境因子与优势种分布进行分析,结果表明不同季节浮游甲壳动物群落受环境因子影响程度不同,四个季度主要影响环境因子为电导率(EC)、温度(T)、溶解氧(DO)、透明度(SD)、氨氮(NH_4~+-N)和总磷(TP)。     

庙岛群岛南部海域浮游生物群落特征初步分析

于2012~2013年4个航次对庙岛群岛南部海域进行了浮游生物调查。利用多元统计分析方法对浮游植物和浮游动物的群落特征进行了分析。调查结果显示,浮游植物共发现131种,硅藻为该海域主要浮游植物优势种;浮游动物共发现25种成体,13种幼体,桡足类为该海域主要浮游动物类群。对浮游植物和浮游动物的CLUSTER聚类结果表明,二者的群落结构季节间差异均较显著,秋季和冬季的浮游植物群落较相似,春季和冬季的浮游动物群落较相似。MDS标序结果表明,夏季的浮游植物群落间的差异较显著,而浮游动物群落则为秋季。浮游植物群落的季节变化为硅-甲藻群落(秋季)→硅藻群落(冬季)→硅藻群落(春季)→硅-甲藻群落(夏季);浮游动物群落的季节变化为毛颚动物群落(秋季)→毛颚动物-桡足类群落(冬季)→桡足类群落(春季)→浮游幼体-毛颚动物群落(夏季)。     

Distribution of planktonic copepods in the Kuroshio area of the East Chine Sea to the southwest of Kyushu in Japan

The materials were obtained from the survey conducted in the Kuroshio area of the East China Sea to the Southwest of Kyushu in Japan (29°30'-32°00', 128°00'-130°'00'E) on board the R. V. Yoko Maru of Seikai Regional Fisheries Lab, Fisheries Agency, Japan in June 15~28, 1988 during China-Japan Joint Research on the Kuroshio. Zoo-plankton was collected by means of the North Pacific Net with model TSK flowmeter through vertical haul from 50 -Om. Temperature and salinity were measured with CTD. 134 species (including 4 spp. ) of planktonic copepods were preliminarily identified in the survey area. Most of them belonged to the tropical and subtropical species and a few of them were the warm-temperate species and eurytopic species. The main dominant species vteieOncaea venusta, Oithona plumifera, Clausocalanus furcatus, C. Arcuicornis, Paracaianus dculeatus, Oithona similis, Temara turbinata, Oncaea media, Undinula danvinii, Acartia negligent, Corycaeus speciosus, Scolecithrix danae, etc. The total number     

Zooplankton Feeding Ecology: Grazing by Marine Copepods and Cladocerans upon Phytoplankton and Cyanobacteria from Kingston Harbour, Jamaica

Abstract. Grazing by the copepods Temora turbinata and Acartia lilljeborgii and the marine cladoceran Penilia avirostris on natural phytoplankton and cyanobacteria assemblages from Kingston Harbour. Jamaica, was examined in summer 1992. Food assemblages were often dominated by an unidentified filamentous cyanobacterium. with abundances of up to 1.16 × 10⁴ filaments. ml^-1. Other abundant phytoplankters included microflagellates and diatoms of the genus Niteschia. Mean clearance rates for the entire food assemblage ranged from 0.10 to 2.41 ml animal^-1. h^-1, although most mean clearance rates were between 0.5 and 1.5 ml. animal^-1 h^-1. Patterns of selection of different food items by various grazers on different dates were variable and inconsistent. Microscopic measurements revealed that cyanobacterial filament lengths were shorter in grazed than initial aliquots during a cyanobacterium bloom in August. This suggests that grazers reduced lengths of many filaments by biting off portions, in addition to consuming entire filaments. Such ‘filament clipping’ of cyanobacteria filaments has been recorded previously in freshwater studies and suggests that grazers impact a larger portion of the phytoplankton assemblage than is accounted for by ingestion and clearance rates based only upon removal of filaments. Grazers exhibited no adverse effects from consuming cyanobacteria. Cyanobacterkd are often considered to be toxic or of poor food quality for planktonic grazers. but due to the high abundance and dominance of filamentous cyanobacteria in Kingston Harbour. if these cyanobacteria were ungrazed. there would at times be little alternative phytoplankton food for copepods and cladocerans. Our results suggest that the trophic role of tilamentous cyanobacteria in pelagic food webs of the tropical ocean should be further investigated and possibly reconsidered.     

珠江口枯水期和丰水期中小型浮游动物群落动态

根据珠江口枯水期(2013年11月)和丰水期(2014年8月) 24个站位调查资料,对中小型浮游动物种类组成、丰度分布、群落结构及其主要影响因子进行了研究.结果表明,枯水期和丰水期分别鉴定浮游动物成体91种和70种,以桡足类最为丰富.浮游动物种类从河口上游向外围逐渐增加.浮游动物丰度时空分布差异显著,丰水期平均值高达11 619. 78 ind/m~3,显著高于枯水期的1 707. 13 ind/m~3.桡足类在珠江口中小型浮游动物中占绝对优势,枯水期和丰水期分别占总丰度的80. 3%和93. 0%,对浮游动物的丰度分布起关键作用.强额孔雀哲水蚤(Parvocalanus crassirostris)、中华异水蚤(Acartiella sinensis)和刺尾纺锤水蚤(Acartia spinicauda)在两个水期均为主要优势种,小拟哲水蚤(Paracalanus parvus)和厦门矮隆哲水蚤(Bestiolina amoyensis)则分别在枯水期和丰水期具有较高的优势度.聚类分析的结果显示,枯水期和丰水期该水域浮游动物均可划分为3个群落.相关性分析表明,珠江口中小型浮游动物群落结构受多个环境因子的影响,但盐度是其中最为关键的非生物因子.     

Responses of the chaetognath, Sagitta elegans, and larval Pacific hake, Merluccius productus, to spring diatom and copepod blooms in a temperate fjord (Dabob Bay, Washington)

As part of a broader field study examining the potentially deleterious effects of diatoms on planktonic food webs, we examined the abundance, stage composition, diet, and feeding success of the chaetognath, Sagitta elegans, and the abundance and morphometric condition of larval Pacific hake, Merluccius productus. Our objective was to look for a relationship between spring phytoplankton blooms and planktonic predators, as mediated by their copepod prey, with special reference to possible deleterious effects of diatoms. Zooplankton were collected weekly during February–May and in mid-summer of 2002 and 2003 in Dabob Bay, Washington State, USA. S. elegans abundance was high in summer of both years and was higher in spring 2003 than spring 2002. Larval chaetognaths dominated the population in early spring and remained present throughout sampling. S. elegans consumed mostly copepods. The abundance of larval S. elegans was correlated with the abundance of copepodites, although no relationship between chaetognath feeding success and prey abundance was found. Larval Pacific hake abundance was high (1200 larvae per square meter) in late February and early March of 2002 and 2003 and decreased rapidly in late spring. The morphometric condition of M. productus was not significantly related to copepod abundance. These results indicate that any deleterious effects of diatoms on copepod abundance, at the scale seen during spring 2002 and 2003 in Dabob Bay, did not greatly affect the next higher trophic level.     

Feeding of Aurelia sp. (Scyphozoa) and links to the microbial food web

The impact of the scyphomedusa Aurelia sp. on planktonic assemblages was experimentally studied in enclosures incubated in situ in the sea lake of Mljet Island (Big Lake, Southern Adriatic), where jellyfish are present throughout the year. In situ feeding experiments using plankton at natural densities indicated a reduction in abundance for small calanoid and cyclopoid copepods, copepodites, nauplii and ciliates in the presence of Aurelia sp. In addition to direct predatory pressure, Aurelia sp. exerted an indirect cascading effect on autotrophic and heterotrophic microbial plankton. Phytoplankton biomass increases of up to 0.5 μg C·l^?1·h^?1 were mainly related to 19′‐hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin‐ and 19′‐butanoyloxyfucoxanthin‐containing phytoplankton. Bacterial production was about twice as high in the presence of Aurelia sp. and biomass was also consistently higher. It appears that the top‐down effect of predation along with material release by Aurelia sp. results in increases in microbial biomass and production.     

黄、东海陆架2011年秋季活体浮游有孔虫生态分布

现代活体浮游有孔虫的生态研究是其古环境重建应用的重要基础。根据黄、东海陆架2011年秋季采集的20个垂直浮游拖网样品,分析了该海域浮游有孔虫的秋季生态分布特征。结果表明,黄海秋季基本上没有浮游有孔虫的出现。东海共发现13种活体浮游有孔虫,主要优势属种依次为Globigerinoides sacculifer、Pulleniatina obliquiloculata、Globigerina bulloides、Neogloboquadrina dutertrei和Globigerinoides ruber。浮游有孔虫丰度整体上呈现东南高,西北低的分布格局,这种分布格局反映了浮游有孔虫在黄、东海陆架区的分布主要受外海水影响强弱控制。浮游有孔虫主要属种在东海陆架呈现明显的区域分布差异:暖水种G. sacculifer是秋季陆架海区的主要优势种,其分布格局与总丰度基本一致,相对含量从南至北、从东至西逐渐降低,主要受区域表层海水温度变化的控制。G. bulloides与G. sacculifer呈相反的含量分布变化,其高含量主要出现在东海中陆架,从北往南逐渐降低,此外,在闽浙沿岸也有较高含量,表明了温度和生产力是影响G. bulloides在黄、东海陆架分布的主要因素。秋季P. obliquiloculata和N. dutertrei的高含量主要出现在东海南部中陆架区和济州岛西南黄海暖流影响区,可能受暖水与生产力的共同制约。     

A potential source of recruitment of Acartia pacifica nauplii: viable benthic resting eggs

Many estuarine and coastal planktonic copepods depend on the hatching of benthic resting eggs for recruitment of nauplii to the water column population. The distribution and abundance of viable resting eggs of Acartia pacifica in the Xiamen Bay were determined by the presence of nauplii in the laboratory. The number of viable eggs varied temporally and spatially. The maximum number (9.2×10⁴m^-2) of viable eggs was in summer. In spring the average abundance of viable eggs was 5.6×10⁴ m^-2. The abundances of viable eggs in fall and winter were similar, respectively 2.7×10⁴ and 3.3×10⁴ m^-2, which were the lowest in the year. The numbers of viable eggs inside the stations of the Xiamen Bay were higher than those outside the stations. The viable eggs were found at all depths (0～10 cm),although not in every station. The maximin number did not necessarily occur in the uppermost centimeter of the sediments but often occurred several centimeters below the water-sediment interface. The accumulation of viable eggs in the seabed of a subtropical bay constitutes a potential source of recruitment of nauplii into the pelagic population.     

台湾以北海域浮游桡足类生物海洋学特征的研究Ⅰ.数量分布

根据１９８７～１９９０年间在台湾以北海域进行的６个航次的调查资料,对该海域浮游桡足类数量分布作了探讨,结果表明,本区浮游桡足类丰度在春季最高,冬季最低,夏、秋季介于中间;黑潮锋内侧的桡足类丰度一般高于黑潮锋外侧,较高丰度区的分布具夏季最向外海、冬季最靠近岸、其他两季居中的趋势,这与黑潮锋位的季节摆动趋势基本相一致;浮游桡足类丰度的较高值区一般出现在不同水系的交汇区,尤其是黑潮次表层水涌升域的近岸边缘侧,而在黑潮次表层水的主水体中,因溶解氧含量低等因素,其丰度一般均较低;浮游桡足类丰度垂直分布趋势为随水深增加而减低,生物本身昼夜垂直移动规律可能是局部区域产生异常分布的原因之一．     

Studies on the population dynamics and production of inshore marine copepods

It is indeed my great honor to receive the Okada Prize (1983) for my studies on the population dynamics and production of inshore marine copepods. This article summarizes the lecture I gave under the above title. It has long been postulated that there is some mechanism whereby a species can repopulate after its disappearance from the plankton, since the appearance of many temperature marine copepods clearly occurs on a seasonal basis. During the last decade, evidence of resting egg production has been found for more than 20 species belonging to Temoridae, Centropagidae, Pontellidae, Acartiidae and Tortanidae. In the Inland Sea of Japan, a summer-fall copepodTortanus forcipatus lays diapause (obligatory resting) eggs in the fall, which overwinter in the sediment on the sea floor until the following summer when water temperature reachesca. 15°C. On the other hand, in Onagawa Bay,Acartia clausi is perennial and produces only subitaneous eggs, many of which, however, sink to the bottom and undergo quiescence (facultative resting eggs) due to adverse environmental conditions (e.g. low temperature, deoxygenation, darkness). There are a large quantity (0.5–2.0×10⁶ eggs m⁻²) ofA. clausi resting eggs in the sediments of Onagawa Bay, which may play an important role in maintaining a more constant planktonic population. The parameters of population dynamics,i.e. the rates of egg production, recruitment and mortality, have been analyzed forA. clausi in Onagawa Bay, by an integration of field and laboratory studies. Recruitment into the planktonic population older than NIII only accounts for 10–20% of egg production. This apparent loss of eggs, which coincides with the benthic resting phase, may be a characteristic feature of the population dynamics of this species. Stage-specific mortality is generally similar in most of the stages, although CI and CVI suffer more severe mortality, possibly as a result of great morphological change in the former stage and heavy predations in the latter. The seasonal change in daily production byA. clausi has also been investigated, its annual production being 2.45 gC m⁻². Daily production and biomass (P:B) ratios increase linearly with temperature. Estimated values of production for other inshore marine copepods are reviewed in relation to P:B ratios and the ratio between secondary and primary production.