共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 140 毫秒
1.
2.
一、引言 1984年,美国地质调查局在S. P. Lee海洋调查船(图1和图2)上,做了南极洲威尔克斯地(Wilkes Land)大陆边缘的地球物理测量,这次测量得到了大约1800公里长的24道多道地震反射资料,400公里长的单道地震反射资料和其它地球物理剖面资料,包括重力、磁场梯度、3.5和12kHz高分辨率回声探测和声纳浮标折射剖面,重力和回声探测资料,是在测 相似文献
3.
4.
珠江口盆地西部勘探成熟区已经基本实现三维地震采集全覆盖,但随着勘探难度的增加,早期采集的三维地震资料已不能满足日益复杂的勘探目标评价的需求,尤其是中深层地震资料信噪比低、反射能量弱、连续性差,断层阴影严重,地层接触关系不清,复杂断裂系统、隐蔽性圈闭难以识别,严重影响了圈闭的精细落实及目标评价,制约着该区天然气的进一步勘探与开发.因此,二次三维地震采集势在必行,本文提出的"双方位、高密度"地震资料采集方式应是海上高精度地震勘探经济而有效的技术,相对于多船宽方位采集方法而言,其采集成本大大降低,并且从野外采集、数据处理到资料解释摸索出了一套方法和技术流程,这不仅可最大限度地使用新旧采集的三维地震资料,而且在解决断层阴影区的成像、中深层地层成像、大型扇三角洲的刻画、中深层隐蔽性圈闭识别、复杂断块区构造成像精度等方面均有较大的优势.珠江口盆地文昌凹陷2个地区的应用实例展示了"双方位、高密度"技术在复杂断块油气藏、中深层隐蔽性圈闭勘探中的作用,有效的提升了地震资料的品质,进而提高了资料解释及目标评价的精度. 相似文献
5.
《地球物理学进展》2017,(1)
随着海洋勘探开发的深入,对深水地震资料品质要求越来越高.崎岖海底绕射多次波的压制和去除已成为当前深水陡坡带和复杂海底地震资料处理的重点和难点.当前海上单-窄方位采集观测方式下,由于崎岖海底产生的绕射多次波传播路径复杂、方向异变,二次反射源在自由表面的下行反射点位置常常位于排列方位之外,导致SRME技术无法准确有效预测和衰减崎岖海底下的绕射多次波.本文借鉴地表一致性处理思想,提出了一种基于地质统计约束下的绕射多次波衰减技术(GCDMA),通过地质信号的统计和建模分解实现对残余绕射多次波的判定和衰减,经实际资料测试处理取得了明显的应用效果,较好解决了深水陆坡崎岖海底下的绕射多次波衰减难题,极大提高了中深层地震资料品质. 相似文献
6.
人工源宽角反射(折射)地震资料具有偏移距较大、信噪比较低等特点,通常用于地震波走时反演重建地壳速度结构。逆时偏移成像方法作为勘探地震学领域获取地下构造形态的有效手段之一,可以有效弥补走时反演方法的不足。本文针对大偏移距宽角反射(折射)地震实验,利用四边形网格谱元法进行波场模拟,结合了有限元法的灵活性和谱方法的指数收敛性,高效且高精度获取模型合成地震记录,后采用逆时偏移成像方法将合成地震记录偏移归位,获取地壳几何结构,验证了逆时偏移成像方法在宽角地震资料处理及结果解释中的适用性,为后期实际地震资料的偏移成像提供了理论依据和支持。 相似文献
7.
8.
针对近地表物质非均质极强、各向异性明显及地形复杂等特点,系统阐述和讨论了近地表折射和反射法的国内外研究与应用进展,认为:1综合利用纵、横波的优势,开展多波多分量联合勘探对提高浅层地震勘探的精度和分辨率具有重要作用;2现在的浅层地震勘探主要是对地震剖面进行解释,容易忽略一些隐含的地质异常现象,属性提取技术是充分提取地震信息,进行全面综合解释的有效手段;3开展多层折射介质的观测系统和解释方法研究,尤其是折射层析成像研究,是提高多层折射介质成像精度的途径;4开展黏弹性、双相和各向异性介质的地震反射与折射波法研究是提高近地表地震勘探成像和物性参数提取精度的新思路. 相似文献
9.
根据近年来在全国开展的大城市活断层地震探测实践,在简要介绍各种地震勘探方法的基本原理和工作方法的基础上,着重分析了不同地震勘探方法的适用范围、获得的主要成果和所解决的主要问题。讨论了现阶段用地震勘探获取地壳结构和对不同深度断层定位的最佳组合方法,即对于有沉积覆盖的隐伏数百米深度至地表的断层,可用浅层地震勘探对其进行追踪,基底(埋深数公里)以上断层可采用高分辨地震折射探测;对于地壳中、深断裂应用反射地震勘探和深地震宽角反射/折射联合探测方法;还可以进一步采用三维深地震测深方法获得城市下方的三维结构和构造信息。采用这样的组合探测方法能够较好地获得断层在不同深度的产状与展布以及由深至浅完整的分布图像,并给出了应用实例 相似文献
10.
《地球物理学进展》2016,(5)
南黄海中部隆起发育巨厚的中、古生界海相碳酸盐岩地层,油气勘探前景良好,但地震资料品质差,中、古生界地震数据信噪比低导致残留盆地构造落实困难,长期制约南黄海油气资源潜力评价研究.本文首先运用有限差分方法开展南黄海中、古生界海相地层地震波场反射特征模拟分析,认为中部隆起浅层存在强反射屏蔽层、多次波特别发育、深层有效反射能量弱是影响地震成像质量的主要原因.为了从采集环节提高原始数据质量,引进立体震源激发、双检波器接收、宽线采集和海底电缆等新技术,从震源端、接收端和观测系统几方面进行技术优化组合,联合发挥新采集技术的优势,使用立体震源拖缆宽线采集和海底电缆双检宽线采集技术在南黄海中部隆起分别开展采集方法试验,获得的新资料中、古生界地震反射信噪比和分辨率比以往的老资料更高,成像品质更好,表明新技术值得进一步推广应用. 相似文献
11.
Fiona M. Campbell A. Kaiser H. Horstmeyer A.G. Green F. Ghisetti A.R. Gorman M. Finnemore D.C. Nobes 《Journal of Applied Geophysics》2010,70(4):332-342
In an attempt to understand the structure of active faults as they emerge from bedrock into shallow semi-consolidated and unconsolidated sediments, we have recorded a comprehensive high-resolution seismic reflection/refraction data set across the Ostler Fault zone on the central South Island of New Zealand. This fault zone, which absorbs 1–2 mm/yr of compression associated with oblique convergence of the Pacific and Australian tectonic plates, consists of a series of surface-rupturing N–S trending, west-dipping reverse faults that offset a thick sequence of Quaternary glacial outwash and late Neogene fluvio-lacustrine sediments of the Mackenzie Basin. Our study focuses on a region of the basin where two non-overlapping fault segments are separated by a transfer zone. Deformation in this area is accommodated by offsets on multiple small faults and by folding in their hanging walls. The seismic data with source and receiver spacing of 6 and 3 m and nominal CMP fold of 60 was acquired along twelve 1.2 km long lines orthogonal to fault strike and an additional 1.6 km long tie-line parallel to fault strike. The combination of active deformation and shallow glacial outwash sediments results in particularly complicated seismic data, such that application of relatively standard processing schemes yields only poor quality images. We have designed a pre- and post-stack reflection/refraction processing scheme that focuses on minimising random and source-generated noise, determining appropriate static corrections and resolving contrasting reflection dips. Application of this processing scheme to the Ostler Fault data provides critical information on fault geometry and offset and on sedimentary structures from the surface to ~ 800 m depth. Our preliminary interpretation of one of the lines includes complex deformation structures with folding and multiple subsidiary fault splays on either side of a ~ 50° west-dipping primary fault plane. 相似文献
12.
Between September and November 1999, two test seismic lines were recorded in the southern Apennine region of southern Italy using the global offset technique, which involves the acquisition of a wide offset range using two simultaneously active seismic spreads. One consisted of a symmetrical spread moving along the line, with geophone arrays every 30 m and a maximum offset of 3.6 km. The other one consisted of fixed geophone arrays every 90 m with a maximum offset of 18 km. This experimental acquisition project was carried out as part of the enhanced seismic in thrust belt (ESIT) research project, funded by the European Union, Enterprise Oil and Eni-Agip. An iterative and interactive tomographic inversion of refraction/reflection arrivals was carried out on the data from line ESIT700 to produce a velocity/interface model in depth, which used all the available offsets. The tomographic models allowed the reconstruction of layer interface geometries and interval velocities for the target carbonate platform (Apula) and the overburden sequence. The value of this technique is highlighted by the fact that the standard approach, based on near-vertical reflection seismic and a conventional processing flow, produced poor seismic images in both stack and migrated sections. 相似文献
13.
14.
15.
16.
浅层反射地震方法是城市活断层探测常用的技术,但在基岩埋深比较浅的地区,往往只能识别出基岩顶面的反射波,而仅根据反射地震剖面上单个同相轴的变化很难准确判定断层是否存在.浅层地层的错断往往会引起速度的横向变化,利用高分辨折射地震方法采集的数据,应用层析成像方法获得的速度剖面,能够反映地下速度结构的变化,可以从另一方面揭示浅层断层存在的可能性.在四川某地,将这两种方法同时应用于活断层浅层地震勘探中.结果表明,两种方法联合应用可在一定程度上弥补浅层反射地震勘探方法在基岩埋深较浅地区的不足. 相似文献
17.
深反射地震剖面法为了获取深部结构特征常常采取大的偏移距采集数据.目前公开发表的相关资料中,鲜有利用深反射地震炮集数据获取近地表的结构特征.为此,本文通过正演测试了相关数据处理流程,即利用有限差分正演了起伏地表模型的大偏移距地震单炮弹性波场特征,通过共检波点域面波信号F-K频谱叠加构建新方法,从深反射地震数据集中提取了高品质的多阶面波频散曲线,再利用多阶面波联合反演获得了近地表的结构特征.在前述正演流程基础上,利用跨越班公湖—怒江缝合带的SinoProbe深反射地震剖面中的实际炮集数据,求取了基阶和一阶瑞利波频散曲线,联合反演后得到近地表横波速度结构.该结果与初至波走时反演获取的纵波速度结构具有较好的一致性,且在近地表的浅层分辨率较纵波速度结构特征更高,而更与已有地质认识相吻合.本文提供的相关数据处理流程表明利用深反射地震炮集数据,也能够获取近地表浅层的横波速度结构. 相似文献
18.
CONTRIBUTION DU TRAITEMENT NUMERIQUE A L'ANALYSE ET A INTERPRETATION DES ENREGISTREMENTS REFRACTION*
R. PERALDI 《Geophysical Prospecting》1969,17(2):126-164
The tools used in digital processsing have received little application, to date, to refraction seismic. It seems however that some problems encountered in the analysis of refraction records could be solved through techniques which are of common use in processing of reflection seismic data (correlation, stacking, f and k filtering). The experiments made with some of these techniques revealed the possibility of a more complete refraction record analysis, allowing the study of later arrivals. The interpretation of these records could also, to a fairly large extent, be automated by means of digital processing. While recording, some care ought to be taken to allow identification and interpretation by digital processing of as many events as possible. However, the results shown here have been obtained from fairly old analog records, for which no particular care had been taken, which makes it possible to complete and revise the interpretation of previous studies using the same processing techniques. Long line refraction shooting is justified for marine surveys in some areas, particularly where reflection is disturbed by singing; improvements in analysis and interpretation would therefore prove very useful for a faster and more thorough interpretation. 相似文献
19.
20.
日喀则地质资料匮乏,地球物理勘探资料更加稀缺,该地区在此之前没有开展过地震勘探的工作.本文针对日喀则地区活动断裂,采用夯源为人工震源的浅层地震勘探方法,结合小折射调查低速层,详细讨论工作中的关键性技术问题;提出在该地区地质条件下实施隐伏断裂勘探时的地震仪器选择、方案设计、参数选取、数据处理、断层识别的基本方法;查明拉堆—乃东断裂、抓各落断裂、毕定—甲舍拉断裂、甲岗—谢通门断裂的走向、产状、上断点埋深及其在地表的垂直投影位置等主要参数.为日喀则地区的深浅构造关系等研究提供基础资料,填补该地区地球物理勘探资料的空白. 相似文献