最新的岩石圈磁场模型及中国磁异常特征的几点认识

介绍了最新的地球磁场模型,包括MF5,NGDC-720和WDMAM。模型MF5是由CHAMP卫星测量得来,它的球谐展开阶次为n=16~100,对应的波长段为400~2500km。模型NGDC-720和WDMAM是综合了卫星磁测、航空磁测、海洋磁测与地面磁测得到数据经过处理后得来,它们有不同的球谐阶次和分辨率。NGDC-720模型是由美国国家地球物理数据中心(The National Geophysical Data Center,NGDC)提供,它的球谐阶次从16阶到720阶,对应于由2500km到56km的波带。M.Purucker博士公布的WDMAM参考模型1是一张分辨率为3′,高度位于WGS84上方5km的磁异常图,它向上延拓后的结果与MF5中的岩石圈磁异常保持一致。作者根据国际上公布的CHAMP、NGDC-720与WDMAM Candidate1的最新数据,绘制了中国及毗邻地区的磁异常图,对中国及毗邻地区明显的大地构造,如造山带,盆地等地区的磁异常特征进行了描述和分析,塔里木、四川、松辽等盆地地区及华北平原部分地区模型中均表现为正异常,西藏高原、天山造山带等地区表现为负异常,而一些深大断裂表现为磁异常高梯度带。通过四川盆地和西藏高原地区三个模型的相互对比,我们发现模型阶次越高,它所反映的磁性体(尤其是浅部地质体)的情况越丰富,不同的是四川盆地的结果随着阶次的增高就越接近航磁结果,而西藏高原随着阶次的增高却和航磁结果差别越来越大。     

磁卫星资料中国区域磁异常的地球物理解释

由磁卫星(MAGSAT)资料绘制了中国区域磁异常图。资料首先分为拂晓和黄昏二组且对每一组分别进行处理。这二组数的各阶相关系数表明短波(≤540km)特征以非壳噪声为主。根据这二组数据中波长在540～2300km谐波得出了磁异常图。它代表了在卫星高度约400km处中国地壳磁异常,其幅值在—6～7nT之间。研究区域处于中、低磁纬度,磁异常并直不同接发因源相关。为克服这一困难,把磁异常图转化成反映地磁化率横向变化的地壳磁化率图。在反演中老虑了地磁场方向和强度的变化。该磁化率异常图呈现了区域构造,前寒武克拉通为强磁性,而山脉和缝合带为低磁性区。     

苏鲁地区航磁异常特征及其深部地质意义

以地震测深剖面提供的地壳结构为初始模型,结合大陆科学钻探岩芯和地表地质资料,对苏鲁地区40 000 km2的1∶10万航磁资料进行了处理.根据岩石磁性参量与岩性的相互关系,对该区3条断面进行了约束反演计算,获得了3条断面的岩层结构特征:5 km深度范围内主要为榴辉岩、大理岩和片麻岩,5～7 km为含柯石英榴辉岩的超高压变质岩片,7 km至上地壳底部为经历超高压变质的片麻岩或花岗闪长岩;中地壳(10～19 km)主要为高压变质片麻岩和后期侵入的花岗岩,下地壳(＞19 km)主要为酸性、基性麻粒岩.3条剖面上的超高压变质岩片向北倾斜至地表,说明它很可能是华北克拉通的俯冲和原路折返的结果.     

岩石圈磁场研究--卫星地磁学的一个新分支

评介了卫星磁测的历史和现状 ,并向读者推荐了全球和中国的卫星磁异常图以便研究利用 ;对中国境内的卫星磁异常进行了初步的解释 ,主要结果如下 :华北、塔里木和扬子地台与正异常重合 ,而碰撞造山带、褶皱带、山脉则与负异常重合 ;塔里木、四川、松辽盆地之下 ,都有一个扁平的、致密的磁性底座 ;西藏高原地壳中的磁性层在地表以下 30 km以内 ,其磁化率约为0 .0 163SI,相当于 I型花岗岩类的磁性 ;在南中国海海域 ,有两个伸展很大的磁性层 ,位于莫霍面上下 ,黄海海域的岩石圈内也有类似的一个磁性层。     

西藏泽当岩体含铬超镁铁岩体的深部构造特征与找矿前景探讨

在中国最大的铬铁矿罗布莎周边地区有着数目众多的含铬超镁铁岩体;分布广阔,具有很好的找矿前景,选择泽当岩体进行了重、磁、大地电磁法的剖面探测,结果表明:泽当岩体被近南北向断裂切割成多块,其西端岩体向北推移的距离远于东段的岩体,总体上呈北西西向展布;岩体磁异常由蛇纹石化产生的磁铁矿和岩体生成时剩余磁化引起,磁异常指出了岩体浅部的范围;航磁较大范围的异常表明存在较深部的磁性体;重力异常说明岩体局部存在高密度体,且与磁异常相吻合,地表出露的矿点多分布在此范围内;岩体表层为高阻薄层,在剖面中段高阻体厚度最大处达1.5 km,范围不大.在薄高阻体下为薄层低阻层.电阻率剖面两侧以高阻体为主,中段有多个低阻体,且与深部5～25km深度上的低阻体相连,中地壳范围的低阻体与幔源物质上涌在地壳范围留下的熔融体有关,与地壳上部的超镁铁岩体有关.综合各种地球物理场的特征认为在磁异常分布区内具有局部重力异常、低阻体异常较多的地段是泽当岩体最有利于进一步详细探测找矿的部位.     

《中国陆域航磁系列图(1∶5000000)及其说明书》出版发行

<正>由熊盛青、范正国、张洪瑞等主编的《中国陆域航磁系列图(1∶5 000 000)及其说明书》,是"全国矿产资源潜力评价磁测资料应用"项目系列丛书之一,是中国国土资源航空物探遥感中心继2004年《中国及其毗邻海域航空磁力ΔT异常图(1∶5 000 000)》出版的全国性图件以来的又一力作,已     

磁异常三维解析信号所揭示的中国东部及邻近海域岩浆岩特征

根据中国东部及邻近海域总磁异常计算的三维解析信号振幅值比总磁异常,能精确地刻画磁源体的位置、深度和边界。结果显示在中国东部地区不同构造块体内的岩浆岩深度差异很大,华北块体的磁异常解析信号振幅值较高、尺度大,磁源体埋深达10 km左右或更深,反映了这个古老克拉通块体的中—下地壳内部较为强烈的岩浆活动过程与活化。受构造抬升和岩浆上涌影响,苏鲁—大别造山带的岩浆岩体埋深则相对较浅,多小于5 km。中、下扬子块体的岩浆岩体的埋深也普遍较大,但是岩浆活动微弱,解析信号振幅值很低。受晚中生代古太平洋俯冲的影响,华南块体及其东北海域分布比较孤立的岩浆岩体,其深度大都小于5 km。在东海,受新生代张裂作用的影响,岩浆岩体的深度与基底隆起或沉降呈明显对应关系。琉球群岛对应平静的磁异常并显示较深的岩浆岩体分布,表明琉球群岛不是菲律宾海板块俯冲形成的火山弧而可能是由俯冲增生楔物质和部分从欧亚大陆分离出来的块体构成,其西侧的岩浆岩带才是真正的火山弧。     

南海西北部重磁场及深部构造特征

通过对南海重磁数据的重新处理,得到南海西北部自由空间重力异常图、布格重力异常图、磁异常图和化极磁异常图,并对所反映的地球物理场特征加以分析。根据重力场资料对研究区的地壳结构进行了反演计算,结果表明地壳厚度在10～38km之间,总的趋势由陆向洋逐渐减薄,对应于地壳类型从陆壳、过渡壳到洋壳的分布特征。根据磁力资料计算了居里面深度,其埋深变化于11～27km之间,在陆区居里面是下地壳顶界面和莫霍面之间的另一个物性界面,而在海区则接近于莫霍面埋深。     

鲁西金刚石原生矿床区域重磁异常特征及深部地质构造背景

鲁西金刚石原生矿床成矿背景复杂,由于缺乏地壳结构、岩浆侵入体位置、断裂规模等信息作为参考依据,深部构造特征及其在成矿过程中的作用尚不明确。本文基于重磁数据和地震剖面资料,采用Parker Oldenburg界面法、功率谱法和2. 5D重磁震联合反演等方法,获得了鲁西地区地壳结构、断裂规模、岩浆侵入体位置等信息,在此基础上,探讨了金刚石原生矿床的深部构造背景。结果表明：鲁西金刚石原生矿床分布于区域布格重力异常低值区、磁异常中 低值区,布格重力异常平均值低于-100×10-5m/s2,磁异常变化范围较大,介于-160~60 nT之间;矿床位于莫霍面、居里面等值线密集的梯度带,即稳定区域与活化区域的过渡带,莫霍面深度约为31. 2~32. 2 km,居里面深度约27. 5~30 km;矿床分布区NW向断裂构造切割深度均超过20 km,其中蒙山断裂切割深度为35 km,深达上地幔,新泰 垛庄断裂切割深度为28. 5 km,深达居里面,泰山 铜冶店断裂切割深度为20. 5 km;金伯利岩于古生代形成后,受中生代伸展构造影响,被NW向断裂逐级抬升、剥蚀,直至出露地表。金刚石品位自南向北逐渐降低是由于北部抬升幅度大,剥蚀接近金伯利岩根部的结果,指示南部矿带找矿潜力大。     

南海东沙以南海域陆坡航磁异常特征与含油气盆地

通过对南海东沙以南海域陆坡航磁异常特征的分析研究，指出引起各类磁异常的地质原因，认为本区陆坡地壳结构和陆壳相同，属于由陆壳到洋壳的过渡型地壳。同时，圈出东沙南磁性基底拗陷，推测该拗陷是一个很有希望的含油气盆地，并对该拗隐沉积层厚度进行了计算。     

1:500万国际亚洲地质图

1:500万国际亚洲地质图(IGMA5000)是由世界地质图委员会(CGMW)的4个分会、亚欧20个国家的100余名地质学家合作完成的。这是CGMW旗下,第一份IGMA5000;第一份以亚洲为主体,又包括邻区,既表示大陆地质,又表示海底地质的IGMA5000;第一份按国际标准,在ArcGIS平台上编制的数字化IGMA5000。图幅西起阿尔卑斯,东到马里亚纳海沟,北起北冰洋,南到爪哇海沟。从这张图上,不仅可以解读亚洲地质,而且可以研究亚洲与相邻大陆和海洋的地质构造关系。IGMA5000的完成,为亚洲大地构造、成矿规律和资源环境研究建立了一个坚实的基础。     

1:500万国际亚洲地质图空间数据库

1∶500万国际亚洲地质图（IGMA5000）是由世界地质图委员会（CGMW）的4个分会,亚欧20个国家的100余名地质学家合作完成的。它是第一幅全面反映亚洲大陆及相邻海域地质的IGMA5000;第一幅按CGMW和IUGS国际标准编制的IGMA5000;第一幅在ArcGIS平台上建有空间数据库并采用计算机辅助编图方法编制的IGMA5000。图幅西起阿尔卑斯,东到马里亚纳海沟,北起北冰洋,南到爪哇海沟,空间数据库的数据量达到2.14 GB。本文介绍了IGMA5000空间数据库的基本建设情况。IGMA5000的完成,为亚洲大地构造、成矿规律和资源环境研究建立了坚实的基础。     

The composite magnetic anomaly map of the East Antarctic

Airborne and marine magnetic observations in East Antarctica and adjacent seas of the Indian Ocean were compiled for a magnetic anomaly map of the Antarctic. For East Antarctica, over 260,000 line km of Russian reconnaissance magnetic data were used that had been collected since 1955 mainly at line spacings of about 5, 20 and 50 km. For the offshore areas, magnetic data from American, Australian, German, Japanese, and Russian marine expeditions were incorporated. Digitally recorded data and data digitized from published and unpublished maps and profiles were included in the compilation. Local grids of these data were developed and merged into a regional grid at an interval of 5 km. The prime product of this compilation is a shaded-relief map that shows the most complete and coherent perspective to date of the region's magnetic character. In combination with other types of data, the compilation provides new insight on the tectonic features and history of this largely inaccessible region of the world. It maps out approximately 4300 km of the Antarctic Continental Margin Magnetic Anomaly (ACMMA) related to Gondwana breakup, new cratons and mobile belts, and large submarine igneous provinces.     

Regional compilation and analysis of aeromagnetic anomalies for the Transantarctic Mountains–Ross Sea sector of the Antarctic

Magnetic observations over the area of the Transantarctic Mountains (TAM) and the Ross Sea have been compiled into a digital database that furnishes a new regional scale view of the magnetic anomaly crustal field in this key sector of the Antarctic continent. This compilation is a component of the ongoing IAGA/SCAR Antarctic Digital Magnetic Anomaly Project (ADMAP). The aeromagnetic surveys total 115 000 line km, and are distributed across the Victoria Land sector of the TAM, the Ross Sea, and Marie Byrd Land. The magnetic campaigns were performed within the framework of the national and international Italian–German–US Antarctic research programs and conducted with differing specifications during nine field seasons from 1971 until 1997. Generally flight line spacing was less than 5 km while survey altitude varied from about 610 to 4000 m above sea level for barometric surveys and was equal to 305 m above topography for the single draped survey. Reprocessing included digitizing the old contour data, improved levelling by means of microlevelling in the frequency domain, and re-reduction to a common reference field based on the DGRF90 model. A multi-frequency grid procedure was then applied to obtain a coherent and merged total intensity magnetic anomaly map. The shaded relief map covers an area of approximately 380 000 km². This new compilation provides a regional image of the location and spatial extent of the Cenozoic alkaline magmatism related to the TAM–Ross Sea rift, Jurassic tholeiites, and crustal segments of the Early Palaeozoic magmatic arc. A linear, approximately 100-km wide and 600-km long Jurassic rift-like structure is newly identified. Magnetic fabric in the Ross Sea rift often matches seismically imaged Cenozoic fault arrays. Major buried onshore pre-rift fault zones, likely inherited from the Ross Orogen, are also delineated. These faults may have been reactivated as strike-slip belts that segmented the TAM into various crustal blocks.     

Geological map of land and seaareas of northern Europe

The Geological Survey of Norway, in cooperation with the Geological Surveys of 22 other countries and under the aegis of the Commission for the Geological Map of the World (CGMW), has compiled a geological map of northern Europe at the 1:4 million scale.For the first time the geology of both land and sea areas of this large region is displayed in a single document. The area covered extends     

The Commission for the Geological Map of the World (CGMW) and small-scale earth-science cartography of Europe

The origin of CGMW dates back to 1881; in its initial phase it concentrated exclusively on geoscientific cartography of Europe. Since 1911, CGMW has taken up the promotion, coordination and publication of small-scale geo-scientific maps world-wide. Of this map type, recently published examples of modern European map series are presented:

Geological Map of Europe and the Mediterranean Regions 1:1.5 Mio (in 49 sheets) Hydrogeological Map of Europe 1:1.5 Mio (in 30 sheets with explanatory notes) Tectonic Map of Europe 1:2.5 Mio (in 16 sheets)

Quaternary Map of Europe 1:2.5 Mio (in 15 sheets)

Metallogenic Map of Europe 1:2.5 Mio (in 9 sheets with an explanatory memoir, 1984)

International Map of Iron Ore Deposits of Europe 1:2.5 Mio (in 16 sheets with explanatory notes, 1970-73)

A series of different geoscientific thematic maps comprising the West European Atlantic Region will result from the Circum-Atlantic Project. Its objectives are to inventory and use the available geoscience and resource data in analyzing the geological evolution and resource potential of the Atlantic Basin. The present status of the Circum-Atlantic Project is explained.     

New approach for interpretation of scattered ground magnetic data in a part of Delhi Fold Belt-NW Indian shield

Randomly distributed ground magnetic data sets, collected along parallel and closely spaced profiles, in small blocks, the blocks being separated/distributed widely over a large area, become, sometimes, unamenable for deriving a meaningful geological model. In such a situation, an approach of “Cumulative Total Intensity Magnetic Anomaly Field (CTIMAF)” has been devised to interpret the sparsely distributed magnetic data sets. A case history has been presented from the lead–zinc mineralized provenance of Ajabgarh Formation of Delhi Fold Belt in the northern part of Ajmer Town. Log-normalized radially averaged power spectrum was computed for the Cumulative Total Intensity Magnetic Anomaly data and depth to the basement is derived. The computed depth of 4.5 km is in good agreement with the Deep Seismic Studies.     

基于AutoCAD实测地质剖面数字成图关键技术

利用成熟绘图工具AutoCAD提供的二次开发接口作为图件输出平台,以EXCEL表格形式整理输入数据及导出计算结果,以Microsoft Visual Studio.NET为开发语言,开发出了具有自动绘制实测地质剖面图、导线平面图功能的"实测地质剖面成图系统"。以西藏某矿普查地质剖面图绘制为例,对该系统绘制的图件准确性及精度进行了验证,满足了地质剖面图、导线平面图的制作的相关要求。     

Spectral Analysis of Magnetic data in the Ajmer-Sambar Sector,North-Central Rajasthan

Ajmer-Sambar sector of Delhi fold belt, North-Central Rajasthan has got importance due to its litho characters, structure, metamorphism, magmatism, migmatisation, metallogeny and rich potential of base metal mineralization. This sector is comprised of Delhi sequence of rocks hosted by the Banded Gneisses Complex (BGC). In view of the significance of this region, ground magnetic survey was conducted along six regional profiles to understand the structural features, magnetic nature of the basement and depth to the basement. Analysis of the magnetic data has clearly identified two magnetic lineaments (a) L1 in WNW-ESE direction that appears to represent litho-contact between Kalyanpura sequences in the south to Anasagar migmatite in the north and (b) L2 in NNW to SSE direction south of Parvatsar which is inferred to be a structural control about which the quartzite rocks of Taragarh Formation culminate. An average depth to basement of 3.7 km is estimated through spectral analysis of magnetic data. The maximum depth of the basin 4.5 km is estimated in central part of the study area. The obtained depth results are in good agreement with the Cummulative Total Intensity Magnetic Anomaly field (CTIMAF) and Deep seismic stuides.