哈巴雪山自然保护区土壤有机质垂直分异研究

通过野外实地调查采样,采用重铬酸钾容量法对土壤有机质含量测定分析,结果表明:哈巴雪山土壤有机质含量垂直分异现象较为显著,土壤A层有机质含量随海拔高度升高而增加的趋势较为明显,B层有机质含量随海拔增加,也呈现增加趋势。同一剖面各土层之间有机质含量差异明显,由表层往下层呈现递减趋势,土壤有机质表聚性明显。土壤有机质含量与气温和降水有较强相关性,还与植被类型、土壤质地、土壤结构有关。     

我国中亚热带山地土壤有机质研究

本文研究中亚热带地区湖南连云山、万洋山各垂直地带的A层土壤的有机质某些性质的垂直变化规律.TC、TN、Kos、HA/FA、总酸度、羧基和酚羟基含量均表现为随海拔的增高而增加的趋势,E4/E6的结果则相反.Ca键腐殖质变化不明显,Fe.Al键腐殖质、紧结态腐殖质均随海拔的升高而增加.G0%和G1%含量随海拔的升高而减小,G2%含量随海拔的升高而增加,G1/G2比值表现为基带土壤＞0.5,而山地土壤＜0.5.基带土壤中G2组有机碳在复合体有机碳总量中所占的比例较小,山地土壤中G2组有机碳占的比例却最大,都超过50%.聚类分析表明海拔高度对低海拔和高海拔地带土壤的有机质性质的影响小于中间过渡地带.     

向海湿地不同植被群落下土壤氮素的分布特征

对比分析向海湿地8种植被群落下表层和亚表层土壤氮形态和全氮含量差异,研究不同植被群落下土壤氮素分布特征。结果表明,各植被群落下表层和亚表层土壤全氮主要以有机氮的形态存在;沼柳群落下表层土壤全氮含量最高,三棱群落最低;而香蒲群落下亚表层土壤全氮含量最高,碱蓬群落最低;根系分布较深的植物群落下表层和亚表层土壤氮素一般高于根系分布较浅的植物群落;除辣蓼群落下土壤无机氮以硝态氮为主外,其它各群落下土壤无机氮均以铵态氮为主。相关分析表明,土壤全氮和有机氮含量与土壤有机质含量显著正相关,与土壤pH值呈现显著负相关关系。     

祁连山北坡垂直带土壤碳氮分布特征

对祁连山北坡垂直带山地草原、森林、高山灌丛土壤有机碳和全氮的分布特征进行了研究,结果表明:土壤有机碳和全氮含量山地草原<青海云杉林<高山灌丛,表现为随海拔升高呈现上升趋势,且海拔3 100 m以上土壤碳、氮含量显著高于3 100 m以下土壤碳、氮含量;土壤有机碳和全氮在土壤剖面中的垂直分布大多表现为0~10 cm含量高于10 cm以下各层次的含量。土壤有机碳和全氮含量与土壤水分含量呈显著正相关(r=0.913,0.874,n=117,p=0.001),和年平均气温呈显著负相关(r=-0.883,-0.869,n=10,p=0.001),表明了气候因子对有机碳和全氮在垂直带上的空间分布起决定作用。整个垂直带土壤碳氮比在7.8~24.7间,有利于有机质矿化过程中养分的释放。作为祁连山北坡垂直带乔木林主体部分,青海云杉(Picea crassifolia)林土壤碳密度为18.13kg/m2,与一般常绿针叶林土壤碳密度相当,但远小于针叶林中的云冷杉林土壤碳密度。     

塔里木河下游绿洲荒漠过渡带土壤异质性及对植物群落的影响

结合塔里木河下游铁干里克绿洲荒漠过渡带9个土壤剖面的81个土样分析数据,利用非参数检验、单因素方差分析和灰色关联方法,分析了塔里木河下游铁干里克绿洲荒漠过渡带土壤特性及其对植物群落的影响。结果表明,研究区土壤除全磷外,有机质等指标存在垂直分布差异,出现显著差异的土层深度为50 cm。研究区上段的土壤养分含量相对较高,下段较低;植物物种多样性指数自上段至下段的下降趋势与有机质等的变化相同,而植物群落退化则表现为从复合群落到单一群落的演变趋势,即从乔(胡杨为主)、灌(柽柳为主)、草复合群落演变到单一的柽柳灌丛群落。灰色关联分析表明,塔里木河下游铁干里克绿洲荒漠过渡带上层(0～50 cm)土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾含量与物种多样性的相关性较高。     

伊犁山地不同海拔土壤有机碳的分布

以乌孙山北坡、科古琴山南坡为例,分析伊犁山地南北坡土壤有机碳的分布特征和影响因素。结果表明:①0-50 cm范围内,高寒草甸、草甸草原土壤有机碳含量较高,荒漠草原土壤有机碳含量最低。土壤有机碳含量均随土壤深度的增加而降低,高寒草甸随土壤深度的增加土壤有机碳下降幅度最大;②伊犁山地土壤腐殖化程度高,氮矿化能力强。大部分海拔的土壤碳氮比随土壤深度的增加而减少。河谷南坡碳氮比降低速率要大于河谷北坡。③土壤有机碳与全氮、全磷以及土壤含水率表现出良好的正相关性;与pH值表现出较好的负相关性,特别是20-50 cm处。植被类型分布和人类活动影响对土壤有机碳垂直变化影响显著。     

黄河三角洲柽柳林场湿地土壤养分的空间异质性及其与植物群落分布的耦合关系

于2007年7月,在黄河三角洲柽柳林场湿地,采集了不同植物群落表层土壤,分析了土壤可溶性盐、有机质、全氮和全磷含量等的空间分异及其与湿地植被分布的关系。土壤可溶性盐、有机质、全氮和全磷的含量分别为0.11%～4.31%、0.18%～1.55%、128～1268mg/kg和521～770mg/kg,可溶性盐、有机质、全氮的空间分异显著。随土壤可溶性盐含量的增大植物种类逐渐减少,不同群落下土壤有机质、全氮含量分布规律相似:随着土壤可溶性盐含量的降低、水分条件的改善,土壤有机质及全氮含量升高。土壤可溶性盐含量是该区植被分布的主要限制因素,同时植被的分布改善了土壤的营养状况。     

湿地土壤有机质和全氮含量分布特征对比研究——以向海与科尔沁自然保护区为例

研究了土壤有机质及全氮在霍林河中下游的科尔沁和向海两个自然保护区湿地表层土壤中的水平分布及其在土壤剖面中的垂直分布特征。结果表明，与科尔沁自然保护区相比，向海自然保护区的空间分异程度较高，其表层对有机质及全氮的持留作用较强，碳的固定速率比氮累积更慢一些；盐碱化程度较高，湿地植被净化效应较显著；pH值对有机质和全氮的影响也更为显著。     

西藏米拉山区土壤主要养分元素垂直分布特征

研究了米拉山区域土壤常规营养变化情况。该区域位于冈底斯山脉东段,巨大的高差、复杂多样的地势结构与地貌作用过程,以及极为复杂多样的气候类型、植被分布等,决定了本区域土壤形成过程的多样化和鲜明的垂直地带性分异特点。按垂直高程变化每100m设一采样点采集各剖面层土样样品,分析其常规营养组成。结果显示:米拉山东坡土壤显弱酸性,西坡土壤从米拉山口至拉萨由弱酸性递变至弱碱性;有机质从林芝八一镇至米拉山口而至拉萨市呈现递减规律变化,而且随剖面深度增加而降低;土壤全氮东坡A层高于西坡,B、C两层变化不明显,速效态氮东西坡剖面层次性变化分明,从八一镇至米拉山口递增,从米拉山口至拉萨递减;全磷含量A层高于B、C层,东坡剖面层次性变化较西坡显著,有效磷从八一镇至米拉山口递减,从米拉山口至拉萨递增;研究区土壤中钾素含量变化不明显。     

祁连山北坡土壤特性与植被垂直分布的关系

祁连山垂直植被带沿海拔从低到高依次为荒漠草原带、干性灌丛草原带、山地森林草原带、亚高山灌丛草甸带、高山寒漠草甸带,在这些植被带上选择典型的植被类型设置样地,采用半微量凯氏、氢氧化钠-钼锑抗比色法、CaCO3分子式求法、土壤烘干法、环刀法等方法进行土壤特性相关因子调查分析.结果表明:1.荒漠草原带土壤有机质含量只有1.65％,全氮量和全磷量分别是0.14％和0.089％,含量最少,而干性灌丛草原带、山地森林草原带、亚高山灌丛草甸带土壤有机质含量相差不大,都在10％～12％之间变动.2.青海云杉林、高山灌丛林、祁连圆柏林、低山灌丛、牧坡草地、无林地其下0 ～60 cm的土壤容重依次增大,从0.53 g/cm3增大到1.02 g/cm3.相应地,其下土壤孔隙度依次减小,从72.64％减小到48.11％.3.祁连山北坡不同土壤类型上的优势种数量随海拔升高呈先逐渐增加而后逐渐减少,即呈倒U型分布趋势.了解和掌握土壤特性和植被垂直分布之间的响应关系,可为植被恢复提供科技支撑.     

Distribution characteristics of SOM and nitrogen on the eastern slope of Gongga Mountain

Soil is the largest carbon pool of terrestrial ecosystem, and its carbon content accounts for two thirds of the whole terrestrial ecosystem (Schlesinger, 1990). The soil organic matter (SOM) content and turnover rate exert impacts directly on the terrestrial ecosystem and global carbon cycles. Nitrogen is the main limiting factor constraining the plant growth (Vitousek etal., 1997; Pamela etal., 2002). Changes of the nitrogen content will change the microbial respiration through changing the…     

贡嘎山东坡土壤有机质及氮素分布特征

The distribution of soil organic matter (SOM) and nitrogen on Gongga Mountain was studied in this paper. The results showed that the content of SOM and nitrogen (N) of A horizon had an ascending trend with the increase of the elevation. The vegetation types distributed higher than the mixed broad-leaved and coniferous forest have the irregular trends. In the transitional zone vegetation such as mixed trees and treeline, the content of SOM and N is higher than other vegetation types. The distribution of SOM and N of A horizon is dependent on the synthetic effect of climate and vegetation types. The vertical distribution of SOM and N in soil profiles has the similar trends for all kinds of vegetation types, i.e., the content of A horizon is higher than that of the B and C horizons, which is the same to the distribution of dead animal and plant in soil. The soil C:N is between 7 and 25, which is relatively low comparing to the appropriate C:N of 25-30. The ratio of soil carbon to nitrogen (C:N) increases with the increase of the elevation, but its vertical distribution in soil horizons varies with different vegetation types. The N exists in SOM mainly in the form of organic nitrogen, and the soil C:N correlates significantly with SOM.     

Distribution characteristics of SOM and nitrogen on the eastern slope of Gongga Mountain

The distribution of soil organic matter (SOM) and nitrogen on Gongga Mountain was studied in this paper. The results showed that the content of SOM and nitrogen (N) of A horizon had an ascending trend with the increase of the elevation. The vegetation types distributed higher than the mixed broad-leaved and coniferous forest have the irregular trends. In the transitional zone vegetation such as mixed trees and treeline, the content of SOM and N is higher than other vegetation types. The distribution of SOM and N of A horizon is dependent on the synthetic effect of climate and vegetation types. The vertical distribution of SOM and N in soil profiles has the similar trends for all kinds of vegetation types, i.e., the content of A horizon is higher than that of the B and C horizons, which is the same to the distribution of dead animal and plant in soil. The soil C:N is between 7 and 25, which is relatively low comparing to the appropriate C:N of 25-30. The ratio of soil carbon to nitrogen (C:N) increases with the increase of the elevation, but its vertical distribution in soil horizons varies with different vegetation types. The N exists in SOM mainly in the form of organic nitrogen, and the soil C:N correlates significantly with SOM.     

黄土丘陵区典型退耕恢复植被土壤生态化学计量特征

为探究不同植被土壤碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)化学计量特征及其影响因素,以黄土丘陵区油松、刺槐、沙棘和草地4种典型退耕恢复植被0～100 cm土壤为研究对象,分析不同植被土壤有机碳(SOC)、全氮(STN)、全磷(STP)含量及其化学计量特征。结果表明:(1)不同恢复植被对土壤养分含量有显著影响,刺槐的SOC、STN最高,油松的SOC、STN最低,STP表现为草地>刺槐>油松>沙棘。(2)不同恢复植被土壤养分具有“表聚性”,随土层深度增加,SOC和STN含量呈下降趋势,而STP的变异性较弱。特别是刺槐的SOC和STN在60～100 cm呈增加趋势。(3)不同恢复植被土壤SOC:STN(C:N)、SOC:STP(C:P)差异不显著(P>0.05),刺槐的土壤STN:STP(N:P)显著高于其他植被类型(P<0.05),土壤C:N、C:P、N:P均低于全球及全国平均水平,研究区有机质的分解速率较快,P的有效性高,植被生长主要受N元素限制。(4)研究区土壤C:N、C:P和N:P主要受SOC和STN影响;土壤养分与土壤含水量(SWC)和土壤容重(BD)呈负相关,与...     

疏勒河源冻土区高寒草甸土壤碳氮含量特征

土壤碳氮是高寒植被响应多年冻土区生态环境变化的重要营养和能源物质,但对其调查仍以生长季的单次采样为主,缺乏对其他季节的研究,这对于准确把握多年冻土区土壤碳氮含量及储量评估存在明显局限性。为此,本研究以青藏高原东北缘祁连山西段疏勒河源多年冻土区高寒草甸为对象,对0—50 cm土层土壤有机碳（Soil Organic Carbon, SOC）、全氮（Total Nitrogen, TN）含量及其比值（C/N）的剖面分布和季节变化及其影响因素进行分析。结果表明：（1）SOC、TN剖面分布规律一致,0—10 cm土层均显著高于10—50 cm各层（P<0.05）,0—50 cm深度仅秋季逐渐下降,而春夏冬季0—30 cm递减。（2）SOC、TN含量存在季节变化,SOC表现为夏季>冬季>春季>秋季,TN表现为春秋冬季含量一致,夏季略低。（3）C/N季节变化显著,夏季显著最高,秋季显著最低（P<0.05）。（4）土壤含水量和生物量是影响SOC、TN及C/N剖面分布和季节变化的关键因素。（5）夏季土壤碳氮密度均高于全年平均。可见,仅单一节点（生长季为主）调查以表征全年土壤碳氮储量存在高估趋势。     

祁连山北麓不同海拔土壤化学计量特征

对祁连山中段冰沟流域土壤有机C、N、P含量垂直分布与化学计量特征及其影响因素进行研究.结果表明:冰沟流域土壤有机C、N、P含量在各样点随土层深度而降低,并在表层土中聚集较明显;在0-40 m土层中,土壤有机C、N、P平均含量随海拔升高总体呈现先增高后下降的趋势,在中、高海拔处最高,P含量变异较小.0-40 cm土层中土...     

西藏色季拉山土壤的性状与垂直分布

色季拉山位于青藏高原的东南部,是西藏主要林区之一。由于气候和森林的垂直变化,其山体土壤类型的垂直带谱较为明显,基带为山地棕壤,往上依次为山地酸性棕壤、山地漂灰土、亚高山(灌丛)草甸土(黑毡土、棕毡土)、高山草甸土(草毡土)和高山寒漠土,并且东西坡呈对称分布。在分析了各类土壤的特征之后,讨论了土壤质地、有机质与养分、pH值、交换性能及化学组成的垂直分布规律。     

Distribution of soil organic carbon under different vegetation zones in the Ili River Valley,Xinjiang

We analyzed and estimated the distribution and reserves of soil organic carbon under nine different vegetation conditions including alpine meadow, meadow steppe, typical steppe, desert steppe, and temperate coniferous forest and so on, in the Ili River valley, Xinjiang according to data from field investigations and laboratory analyses in 2008 and 2009. The study results show that the soil organic carbon content in the Ili River valley varies with the type of vegetation. In the 0–50 cm soil horizon, the soil organic carbon content is the highest under the vegetation types of alpine meadow and meadow steppe, slightly lower under temperate coniferous forest and typical steppe, and the lowest under the intrazonal vegetation and desert vegetation types. The soil organic carbon content shows basically a tendency to decrease as soil depth increases under various vegetation types except in the case of the intrazonal vegetation. Similarly, the soil organic carbon density is the highest and varies little under the vegetation types of alpine meadow, meadow steppe and temperate coniferous forest, and is the lowest under the desert vegetation type. Both the soil organic carbon content and density in the topsoil of meadows in the Ili River valley are high, so protecting meadows in the Ili River valley, and especially their topsoil, should be a priority so that the potential of change in soil organic carbon in the shallow soil horizon is reduced, and this means maintenance of the stability of the soil carbon pool.     

伊犁河谷不同植被带下土壤有机碳分布

结合2008年和2009年野外实地调查与室内分析的资料,运用方差分析等方法对伊犁河谷高山草甸、草甸草原、典型草原、荒漠草原、温性针叶林等9种不同植被条件下的土壤有机碳含量分布及其储量进行了分析估算.研究结果表明:伊犁河谷土壤有机碳含量因植被类型变化而不同.在0～50 cm土层范围,高山草甸、草甸草原土壤有机碳含量较高,其次是温性针叶林和典型草原,含量最低的是隐域植被和荒漠植被土壤.除隐域植被外,各植被类型下土壤有机碳含最基本呈随着土层深度增加而降低的,变化趋势.有机碳密度同样是高山草甸、草甸草原和温性针叶林土壤有机碳密度较高且比较相近,荒漠植被下土壤有机碳密度最低.伊犁河谷草地表层土壤有机碳含量高、密度大,因此应重视对伊犁河谷草地的保护,尤其要保护草地表层土壤以降低浅层土壤有机碳发生变化的可能性,维护土壤碳库的稳定性.     

新疆伊犁河谷不同植被带下土壤有机碳分布(英文)

We analyzed and estimated the distribution and reserves of soil organic carbon under nine different vegetation conditions including alpine meadow,meadow steppe,typical steppe,desert steppe,and temperate coniferous forest and so on,in the Ili River valley,Xinjiang according to data from field investigations and laboratory analyses in 2008 and 2009.The study results show that the soil organic carbon content in the Ili River valley varies with the type of vegetation.In the 0-50 cm soil horizon,the soil organic carbon content is the highest under the vegetation types of alpine meadow and meadow steppe,slightly lower under temperate coniferous forest and typical steppe,and the lowest under the intrazonal vegetation and desert vegetation types.The soil organic carbon content shows basically a tendency to decrease as soil depth increases under various vegetation types except in the case of the intrazonal vegetation.Similarly,the soil organic carbon density is the highest and varies little under the vegetation types of alpine meadow,meadow steppe and temperate coniferous forest,and is the lowest under the desert vegetation type.Both the soil organic carbon content and density in the topsoil of meadows in the Ili River valley are high,so protecting meadows in the Ili River valley,and especially their topsoil,should be a priority so that the potential of change in soil organic carbon in the shallow soil horizon is reduced,and this means maintenance of the stability of the soil carbon pool.