Characteristics of Collapses Caused by the M 8.1 Earthquake West of the Kunlun Mountains Pass

An M 8.1 earthquake that occurred west of the Kunlun Mountains Pass has caused more than 20 collapse bodies or zones, which are mainly distributed near the surface seismic rupture zone, west of Hoh Sai Lake. The collapses are of four types, bedrock, soil mass and ice mass collapses and avalanches. The spatial distribution and the characteristics of development of the collapses are analyzed in the paper. Comparised with those caused by other earthquakes, the collapses are smaller in scale. In addition to the lithological characteristics of the crustal media, topographic, geomorphic and climatic factors, weaker seismic ground motion is an important cause for formation of the smaller-scale collapses. The long surface rupture zone and weaker ground motion are important features of the seismic rupture, which may be related to the structure of the preexisting fault.     

Features of the M7.9 Earthquake in the Russia- Mongolia- China Boundary Region

At 19:33 p. m on September 27, 2003, an earthquake with M7.9 occurred in the RussiaMongolia-China boundary Region. It was strongly felt in the Altay region of Xinjiang. The losses caused by the earthquake was 76 million yuan (RMB). Some information about the earthquake was outlined, including basic parameters, focal mechanism, evaluation of earthquake disaster losses and so on. The satellite remote sensing information worked initial analysis for deformation of ground and failure phenomenon.     

Examination of Historical Data of the 1125 Lanzhou M7.0 Earthquake and Analysis of Seismogenic Structure

Detailed examination of historical data of earthquakes and field investigations of loess landslide caused by the earthquake and tracing of active faults in Lanzhou area indicate that the Yijitanpu town,one of six towns of Jincheng city,was devastated by the 1125 Lanzhou earthquake.The citly is now located in the Vinylon Factory south of Hekou(River Mouth)in the Xigu distict of Lanzhou city.We delermined that the six old towns mentioned in historical records lie in an area stretching from the south of Xigu district to Hekou in Lanzhou.This is consistent with the distibution of loess landslides caused by the earthquake,the extension of Holocene active faults,and the distribution of traces of the seismic rupture zone.A comprehensive analysis shows that the seismogenic structure for the 1125 Lanzhou M7.0 earthquake should be the Xianshuigou fault segment at the western termination of the north-border active fault zone of the Maxianshan Mountains which are located in south of Lanzhou city with the distance of only 4km.     

Process of source dynamics of the Jingtai earthquake (M=6. 2 )

ＰｒｏｃｅｓｓｏｆｓｏｕｒｃｅｄｙｎａｍｉｃｓｏｆｔｈｅＪｉｎｇｔａｉｅａｒｔｈｑｕａｋｅ（Ｍ＝６．２）Ｘｕｅ－ＢｉｎＤＵ（杜学彬）；Ｚｈｉ－ＤｅＹＡＮ（闫志德）ａｎｄＭｉｎｇ－ＷｕＺＯＵ（邹明武）（ＥａｒｔｈｑｕａｋｅＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＩｎｓｔｉｔｕ...     

A Preliminary Discussion on the Mechanism of Abnormal Intensity Zones of the M5.1 Wen＇an Earthquake in 2006

An earthquake measuring 5.1 on the Richter scale struck Wen'an county,Hebei Province on July 4,2006. No casualties have been reported,with only slight damage. The disaster level of this event is the slightest on the M4.9～5.1 events record tally since the CCDSN (China Center of Digital Seismic Network) was built in 1999. The epicenter intensity of this earthquake was low,while in areas like Beijing,which is 100km far away,abnormal high intensity zones appeared. This article discusses the reasons behind this abnormal phenomenon,with the diagrams of intensity isolines drawn by the intense seismic stations and networks in the capital circle area as references,as well as the seismogenic mechanism in the source,the seismic histories,the geological structures and the ray pathways of seismic waves in areas within 150km around the epicenter. It was concluded that the special dynamic and geological situations were the main causes for the lower intensity degree and slight damage in the epicenter area,but higher intensity in the surrounding areas.     

The GIS and analysis of earthquake damage distribution of the 1303 Hongtong M=8 earthquake

Introduction The 1303 Hongtong earthquake is an important earthquake in the eastern China. There is a lot of information in historical documents about the earthquake and many traces destroyed by the earthquake in the southern Shanxi Province. Many scholars have studied the earthquake from dif-ferent aspects, but mainly limited the definitions of the isoseismal and three factors of the earth-quake. Owing to being limited by the analysis technique, many useful damage information of the earthqu…     

Relationship between faults and generation of inland shallow earthquakes:enlighten-ment of the M=7.2

Ｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓｈｉｐｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｆａｕｌｔｓａｎｄｇｅｎｅｒａｔｉｏｎｏｆｉｎｌａｎｄｓｈａｌｌｏｗｅａｒｔｈｑｕａｋｅｓ：ｅｎｌｉｇｈｔｅｎ－ｍｅｎｔｏｆｔｈｅＭ＝７．２ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎＨｙｏｇｏｐｒｅｆｅｃ－ｔｕｒｅｅａｒｔｈｑｕａｋｅＴＯ...     

The Characteristics of Seismic Activity Before the Devastating Earthquake with M wg. 0 Off the West Coast of Northern Sumatra

The characteristics of seismic activity in different time-spatial domain before the Mw9.0 earthquake were studied. The results are as follows ： ① The activity of the deep earthquakes in the north boundary zone of the Australian plate had been evidently strengthened since 1994, showing an increased frequency, magnitude and depth, especially in regards to the heterogeneous distribution of the earthquake depth （namely between 500km and 689km）. Meanwhile the shallow earthquakes of M ≥ 7.0 in the Sumatra island and its vicinity had been obviously strengthened too, and formed a strengthening area with a length of about 1000 km and width 300 km. ②The time distribution of global strong earthquakes with M≥ 7.0 shows that the character of anomalous seismic quiescence-activity one year before the Mw9.0 earthquake and during its active period, the strong earthquakes formed a seismic belt striking in NWW direction. At the same time, there is a seismic gap formed by earthquakes of M ≥ 5.0 in the epicenter and its neighboring region. ③ Two deep earthquakes of M ≥ 7.0 occurred in the west and in the east of the north boundary zone of the Australian plate half year ago. It is notable that one of them occurred in the Sumatra island where no deep earthquake with M ③ 6.0 has occurred in the past thirty years. ④The space distribution of moderate shocks occurring three days ago exhibited a NWW-strike seismic belt along the north boundary zone of the Australian plate. ⑤The activity of volcanoes distributed in the north boundary zone of the Australian plate had been strengthened in the past 4 years, especially several months before the occurrence of the Mw9.0 earthquake.     

Properties of the Aftershock Sequences of the 2003 Bingöl, M D = 6.4, (Turkey) Earthquake

Aftershock sequences of the magnitude M _{W =}6.4 Bingöl earthquake of 1 May, 2003 (Turkey) are studied to analyze the spatial and temporal variability of seismicity parameters of the b value of the frequency-magnitude distribution and the p value describing the temporal decay rate of aftershocks. The catalog taken from the KOERI contains 516 events and one month’s time interval. The b value is found as 1.49 ± 0.07 with Mc =3.2. Considering the error limits, b value is very close to the maximum b value stated in the literature. This larger value may be caused by the paucity of the larger aftershocks with magnitude M _D ≥ 5.0. Also, the aftershock area is divided into four parts in order to detect the differences in b value and the changes illustrate the heterogeneity of the aftershock region. The p value is calculated as 0.86 ± 0.11, relatively small. This small p value may be a result of the slow decay rate of the aftershock activity and the small number of aftershocks. For the fitting of a suitable model and estimation of correct values of decay parameters, the sequence is also modeled as a background seismicty rate model. Constant background activity does not appear to be important during the first month of the Bingöl aftershock sequences and this result is coherent with an average estimation of pre-existing seismicity. The results show that usage of simple modified Omori law is reasonable for the analysis. The spatial variability in b value is between 1.2 and 1.8 and p value varies from 0.6 to 1.2. Although the physical interpretation of the spatial variability of these seismicity parameters is not straightforward, the variation of b and p values can be related to the stress and slip distribution after the mainshock, respectively. The lower b values are observed in the high stress regions and to a certain extent, the largest b values are related to Holocene alluvium. The larger p values are found in some part of the aftershock area although no slip occurred after the main shock and it is interpreted that this situation may be caused by the alluvium structure of the region. These results indicate that the spatial distribution in b and p values are generally related to the rupture mechanism and material properties of an aftershock area.     

New paleontological evidence on time determination of the east part of the Eastern Kunlun Mélange and its tectonic significance

The area studied is located in the middle ofQinghai Province, at the south end of Qaidam Basinand the eastern part of the Eastern Kunlun Mountainsin Dulan County, Haixi Prefecture and Madoi County,Golog Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Prov-ince (fig. 1). The area is situated tectonically in theeast of the Eastern Kunlun Mountains at the junctionof the Eastern Kunlun Orogenic Belt with the WesternQingling which is also the junction of the QaidamPlate with the South China Plat…     

Assessment of the Seismic Situation in the Region of Greece’s Eastern Coast of the Aegean Sea before the Earthquake with M = 6.7 (October 30, 2020)

Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth - Abstract—A detailed study has been carried out regarding temporal variations of seismicity in the region of Greece’s eastern coast of the Aegean...     

Investigation of rupture process of the 1999 M=5.4 Xiuyan, Liaoning, earthquake sequence

As is well known, researches on rupture process of earthquakes can not only deepen our understanding of earthquake occurrence, but also help to achieve earthquake prediction, which is one of the most difficult scientific problems in the world. Seismologists always pay great attention to it. Since the beginning of 1990s, they have aimed at the time-space variation of earthquake source rupture during the mainshock. In their works the digital data of seismic waves are inverted for the rupture pro…     

Revised determination of the paleointensity in the cretaceous from the collection of A.S. Bol’shakov and G.M. Solodovnikov

A large volume of data on the paleointensity H _an obtained by A.S. Bol’shakov and G.M. Solodovnikov is ignored in modern reconstructions because the authors did not indicate whether they used the check-point procedure for the detection of chemical alterations in rocks associated with determination of H _an. The paper presents new values of H _an determined by the Thellier-Coe method with the use of the checkpoint procedure from samples of the Armenian collection of Cretaceous rocks used in published studies of Bol’shakov and Solodovnikov. The new results are close to the published ones and point to a small value of the geomagnetic field in the Cretaceous, thereby corroborating Bol’shakov-Solodovnikov’s hypothesis on a low paleofield in the Mesozoic. Our study of samples of the collection studied confirms the reliability of Bol’shakov-Solodovnikov’s determinations of H _an.     

Interpretation of the Spatial Distribution Characteristics of the Co-seismic Landslides Induced by the 1920 Haiyuan M8 1/2 Earthquake Using Remote Sensing Images

Analyzing the spatial distribution characteristics of earthquake-induced secondary disasters based on advanced techniques is significantly important, especially in understanding the process of strong earthquakes in the Loess Pateau. Using ArcGIS, this study interprets multi-temporal high-resolution satellite images, field investigation data, and historical seismic records. Major conclusions are obtained as follows:① Landslides induced by the Haiyuan earthquake are mainly distributed in the intersection area of the end of the Haiyuan fault and Liupanshan fault, as indicated by multiple dense distribution centers; ② The landslide distribution of the Haiyuan Earthquake is determined by the distance to the fault, topographic relief, slope, lithology, and other factors. In detail, the closer the distance to the fault, the greater the density of the landslide. The greater the slope and relief of the terrain, the greater the density and the smaller the average area of a landslide. Compared with tertiary strata, Quaternary strata has a larger average area, and the density of the landslides is smaller; ③ The density curve of the death toll in the Haiyuan earthquake can be used as a reference for the distribution of co-seismic landslides. Several Haiyuan co-seismic landslides are distributed in the Tongwei landslide area; however, the major landslides here are induced by the 1718 Tongwei earthquake rather than the 1920 Haiyuan earthquake; ④ The co-seismic landslides of the Haiyuan earthquake exhibits the "slope effect" in the south-west plate of Haiyuan fault, presenting the dominant sliding direction towards the fault and epicenter; however, the "slope effect" is not evident in the northeast plate of the fault.     

Relocation of the October 9, 1505 Earthquake with M63/4

There have been 12 possible locations of the earthquakes occurring in the South Yellow Sea since 1505.In this paper,the location of the earthquake that occurred in 1505 has been determined by the collection of more historical data of the influenced field,referring the isoseismal data of earthquakes with the epicentral intensityⅨ and combining geophysical field data with tectonic condition,due to its great influence on seismic safety assessment of some significant engineering.     

The Characteristic Analysis and Seismic Triggering Study of the M6.2 and M6.1 Dayao Earthquake Sequences in 2003

INTRODUCTIONTheM6·2 andM6·1 earthquakes occurred successivelyin Dayao,Yunnan Province on July 21and October 16 ,2003 and bothinduced human casualty and economic loss to some extent .Adequatehistorical information reveals that ,earthquakes bigger thanM6·0 in Yunnan are distributed mainlyalong some active tectonic faults and seismic belts . Dayao and Yao an are in the Dianzhong tectonicblock andthere are noapparentfaultsthere(Su Youjing,2004) .Seismic activitylevel inthisregioniswea…     

Eruptive style of the young high-Mg basaltic-andesite Pelagatos scoria cone,southeast of México City

The eruption of the Pelagatos scoria cone in the Sierra Chichinautzin monogenetic field near the southern suburbs of Mexico City occurred less than 14,000 years ago. The eruption initiated at a fissure with an effusive phase that formed a 7-km-long lava flow, and continued with a phase of alternating and/or simultaneous explosive and effusive activity that built a 50-m-high scoria cone on the western end of the fissure and formed a compound lava flow-field near the vent. The eruption ended with the emplacement of a short lava flow that breached the cone and was accompanied by weak explosions at the crater. Products consist of a microlite-rich high-Mg basaltic andesite. Samples were analyzed to determine the magma’s initial properties as well as the effects of degassing-induced crystallization on eruptive style. Although distal ash fallout deposits from this eruption are not preserved, a recent quarry exposes a large section of the scoria cone. Detailed study of exposed layers allows us to elucidate the mode of cone-building activity. Petrological and textural data, combined with models calibrated by experimental work and melt-inclusion analyses of similar magmas elsewhere, indicate that the magma was initially hot (>1,200°C), gas-rich (up to 5 wt.% H₂O), crystal-poor (~10 vol.% Fo₉₀ olivine phenocrysts) and thus poorly viscous (40–80 Pa s). During the early phase, low magma ascent velocity at the fissure vent allowed low-viscosity magma to degas and crystallize during ascent, producing lava flows with elevated crystal contents at T < 1,100°C, and blocky surfaces. Later, the closure of the fissure by cooling dikes focused the magma flow at a narrow section of the fissure. This led to an increased magma ascent velocity. Rapid and shallow degassing (<3 km deep) triggered ~40 vol.% microlite crystallization. Limited times for gas-escape and higher magma viscosity (6 × 10⁵–4 × 10⁶ Pa s) drove strong explosions of highly (60–80 vol.%) and finely vesicular magma. Coarse clasts broke on landing, which implies brittle behavior due to complete solidification. This requires sufficient time to cool and in turn implies ejection heights of over 1 km, which is much higher than “normal” Strombolian activity. Hence, magma viscosity significantly impacts eruption style at monogenetic volcanoes because it affects the kinetics of shallow degassing. The long-lasting eruptions of Jorullo and Paricutin, which produced similar magmas in western México, were more explosive. This can be related to higher magma fluxes and total erupted volumes. Implications of this study are important because basaltic andesites are commonly erupted to form monogenetic scoria cones of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt.