贵州红枫湖沉积物生物可利用磷分布特征及其与粒径的关系

应用化学提取法分析了红枫湖主要出入湖河口及湖心沉积物生物可利用磷(BAP)的含量,并探讨了BAP空间分布与总磷(TP)和粒度组成之间的关系.研究结果表明,各形态BAP含量顺序为:藻类可利用磷(AAP)NaHCO3可提取磷(Olsen-P)水溶性磷(WSP)易解吸磷(RDP).沉积物柱芯中BAP迅速降低,剖面变化比TP更为明显.各形态BAP与TP显著相关,除RDP与AAP外,其它形态BAP之间也显著相关.Olsen-P是评价红枫湖沉积物磷的生物有效性的最佳指标.红枫湖沉积物颗粒组成以粘土及粉砂为主,湖心沉积物比河口粒度小.表层(0-5cm)沉积物中Olsen-P和AAP的含量与细组分(粘土)的比例呈正相关,而RDP、WSP与细组分呈负相关性,表明沉积物细组分对深水湖泊富营养化的重要性.     

太湖不同营养水平湖区沉积物磷形态与生物可利用磷的分布及相互关系

采用EDTA螯合剂法和不同的化学提取法,研究了太湖3个不同营养水平湖区中8个位点表层沉积物总磷、各组分磷及生物可利用磷的含量分布,探讨了太湖不同营养水平湖区表层沉积物的释磷潜力和生物可利用磷的来源．结果表明,太湖不同营养水平湖区表层沉积物总磷、无机磷和生物可利用磷含量分布差异较大,且与各湖的营养水平相一致．有机磷含量与有机质和含水率显著相关;沉积物中Fe-P和Ca-P对生物可利用磷的贡献较大,这部分磷具有较大的潜在释放风险．     

Phosphorus forms and bioavailability of lake sediments in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River

Forms of phosphorus in sediments from 25 lakes in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River were analyzed by the sequential extraction procedure. Contents and spatial distrubution of algal available phosphorus (AAP) in sediments of Lake Taihu, the third largest freshwater lake of China, were also studied. Relationships between phosphorus forms in sediment and macrophytes coverage in sample sites, as well as phosphorus forms in sediments and chlorophyal contents in lake water were discussed. Exchangeable form of phosphorus (Ex-P) in surface sediments was significantly positive correlative to total phosphorus (TP), dissolved total phosphorus (DTP) and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) contents in the lake water. Bioavailable phosphorus (Bio-P) contents in sediments from macrophytes dominant sites were significantly lower than that in no macrophyte sites. In Lake Taihu, Ex-P content in top 3 cm sediment was highest. However, content of ferric fraction phosphorus (Fe-P) was highest in 4–10 cm. Bioavalilble phosphorus (Bio-P) contents in surface sediments positively correlated to Chlorophyll a contents in water of Lake Taihu with significant difference. Therefore, contents of Bio-P and AAP could be acted as the indicators of risks of internal release of phosphorus in the shallow lakes. It was estimated that there were 268.6 ton AAP in top 1 cm sediments in Lake Taihu. Sediment suspension caused by strong wind-induced wave disturbance could carry plenty of AAP into water in large shallow lakes like Lake Taihu.     

Seasonal variations and bioavailability of inorganic phosphorus in soils of Yeyahu Wetland in Beijing, China

Phosphorus (P) in soils has an important influence on the development and productivity of wetland. The objective of this study was to investigate the distribution, bioavailability and seasonal variations of inorganic phosphorus (IP) in soils of Yeyahu Wetland. The results showed that the concentration of Ca-bound P (Ca-P) remained the main occurrence in all IP fractions despite the season, at the same time the Al-bound P (Al-P) was always the lowest IP fraction despite the season. Al-P and Fe-bound P (Fe-P) concentration were all reached the highest value in May and the lowest in November, which was opposite to the occluded P (Oc-P) fraction. The notable higher Oc-P concentration in November observed in this study was probably due to the decomposition of plants and the subsequently releasing of oxides to soils. Ca-P didn't change much with season variations. Exchangeable P (Ex-P) and Oc-P were all positively correlated with soil moisture content and organic matter content, but Al-P was negatively correlated with these two soil properties. As a stable form, Ca-P was not associated with soil properties. Al-P, Fe-P and Ca-P might contribute to the storage of P in studied wetland with the principle component analysis results. The concentration rank order of the bio-available P in soils was generally as follows: Olsen-P > Algal available P (AAP) > Water soluble P (WSP) > Readily desorbed P (RDP). Olsen-P was positively correlated with Ex-P and Oc-P, and it was thought to be a more suitable indicator for bio-available P in soils.     

Influence of the hyporheic zone on the phosphorus dynamics of a large gravel‐bed river,Garonne River,France

Phosphorus (P) concentrations in sediments and in surface and interstitial water from three gravel bars in a large river (Garonne River, southern France) were measured daily, downstream of a wastewater treatment plant for a city of 740 000 inhabitants (Toulouse). Measurements were made of vertical hydraulic gradient (VHG), total dissolved phosphorus (TDP), soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) and total phosphorus (TP) in water and of three extractable forms of phosphorus (water extractable, NaOH extractable and H₂SO₄ extractable) in hyporheic sediments from the gravel bars. Dissolved phosphorus was the major contributor to TP (74–79%) in both interstitial and surface waters on all sampling dates, and in most cases surface water P concentrations were significantly higher than interstitial concentrations. Hyporheic sediment TP concentrations ranged between 269 and 465 µg g^?1 and were highest in fine sediment fractions. Acid‐extractable P, a non‐bioavailable form, represented at least 95% of sediment TP. A positive relationship was observed between VHG and TP in two of the gravel bars, with wells that were strongly downwelling having lower TP concentrations. These results suggest that in downwelling zones, hyporheic sediments can trap surface‐derived dissolved P, and that much of this P becomes stored in refractory particulate forms. Bioavailable P is mainly present in dissolved form and only occupies a small fraction of total P, with particulate P comprising the majority of total P. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

南四湖消落带底泥磷形态分布特征、影响因素及释放风险

南四湖是南水北调东线最大的调蓄湖泊,周期性水位涨落会形成大面积消落带,认知消落带底泥磷形态赋存特征、影响因素及释放潜能,对于保障东线调水水质具有重要的科学意义.本研究分析了南四湖消落带底泥磷形态分布特征,探讨了各形态磷与土地利用、母质类型及底泥理化因素之间的关系,评价了南四湖消落带底泥磷的污染程度并分析了其释放风险.结果发现,消落带底泥中总磷（TP）、无机磷（IP）、NaOH提取态磷（NaOH-P）、HCl提取态磷（HCl-P）和有机磷（OP）含量的平均值分别为745.37、510.51、50.42、460.09和234.86 mg/kg,以HCl-P为主的IP占比较高.南四湖消落带底泥各形态磷含量具有较高的空间异质性,TP、IP、OP、HCl-P和NaOH-P含量的变异系数分别为30.7%、36.9%、29.6%、37.6%和51.2%.自然湿地、乔木林地和水浇地等土地利用方式下的底泥NaOH-P、HCl-P、IP、OP和TP含量差异不显著.土壤类型对消落带底泥OP含量影响明显,但对TP、IP、NaOH-P和HCl-P含量则影响不大.NaOH-P含量与HCl-P含量具有显著正相关,与OP含量则具有极显著正相关.南四湖周边30多km²消落带底泥磷污染程度相对较高,轻度、中度和重度污染底泥分别占5.9%、76.5%和17.6%,部分区域底泥磷释放潜能较高.研究结果可为南四湖消落带内源磷释放控制以及水质保障提供科技支撑.     

Phosphorus forms and bioavailability of lake sediments in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River

Forms of phosphorus in sediments from 25 lakes in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River were analyzed by the sequential extraction procedure. Contents and spatial distrubution of algal available phosphorus (AAP) in sediments of Lake Taihu, the third largest freshwater lake of China, were also studied. Relationships between phosphorus forms in sediment and macrophytes coverage in sample sites, as well as phosphorus forms in sediments and chlorophyal contents in lake water were discussed. Exchangeable form of phosphorus (Ex-P) in surface sediments was significantly positive correlative to total phosphorus (IP), dissolved total phosphorus (DTP) and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) contents in the lake water. Bioavailable phosphorus (Bio-P) contents in sediments from macrophytes dominant sites were significantly lower than that in no macrophyte sites. In Lake Taihu, Ex-P content in top 3 cm sediment was highest. However, content of ferric fraction phosphorus (Fe-P) was highest in 4 - 10 cm. Bioavalilble phosphorus (Bio-P) contents in surface sediments positively correlated to Chlorophyll a contents in water of Lake Taihu with significant difference. Therefore, contents of Bio-P and AAP could be acted as the indicators of risks of internal release of phosphorus in the shallow lakes. It was estimated that there were 268.6 ton AAP in top 1 cm sediments in Lake Taihu. Sediment suspension caused by strong wind-induced wave disturbance could carry plenty of AAP into water in large shallow lakes like Lake Taihu.     

Experimental study on phosphorus release from sediments of shallow lake in wave flume

Influence of wave on sediment resuspension and nutrients release from sediments, collected from Lake Taihu and Lake Chaohu, was studied in flume experiments. Under strong-wave conditions, concentrations of suspended solids (SS), total phosphorus (TP) and dissolved total phosphorus (DTP) in overlying water were increased significantly following the sediments re-suspension. During the experiments on sediments of Lake Taihu and Lake Chaohu, TP concentrations increased 6 times and 3 times, and DTP concentration increased 100% and 70% more than it in presuspension, respectively. Concentration of soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) of experiment on sediment of Lake Taihu increased 25%. During the massive sediment suspension, the dissolved phosphorus in pore water and much of the phosphorus adsorbed by the sediment particles were released into overlying water. The phenomena in this wave flume experiment are quite similar to the situation observed in situ of Lake Taihu. The critical wave stresses of sediment re-suspension are nearly equal. The change of concentrations of SS, TP, and SRP was the same as that in situ situation. This study showed that concentrations of TP and SRP in lake water could be increased significantly by wave disturbance. Phosphorus release was significantly enhanced by wave disturbance at the beginning of massive sediment re-suspension, but decreased later.     

坦噶尼喀湖东北部入湖河流表层沉积物中磷的形态和分布特征

磷是坦噶尼喀湖生态系统中必不可少的营养元素,直接决定湖体初级生产力的高低,进而影响到周边居民对于动物蛋白的获取来源.为了解坦噶尼喀湖磷的外源输入,选择湖泊东北部的入湖河流,对表层沉积物(16个样点)中总磷(TP)和各形态磷含量及其分布特征进行分析,并探讨磷的形态分布特征与土地利用方式之间的相关关系.结果表明,入湖河流沉积物TP含量为73.05~239.94 mg/kg,平均含量为152.64±55.37 mg/kg,其中最高值出现在马拉加拉西河口.采用Psenner法对磷进行连续浸提并比较不同形态磷含量,由高及低依次为铁铝结合态磷(Fe/Al-P)钙结合态磷(CaP)有机磷(Org-P)残渣态磷(Res-P)弱吸附态磷(Labile-P).土地利用类型对TP及各形态磷含量影响较大,其中TP含量表现为河口湿地城镇附近林草地区,表明地表径流和人类活动会对TP含量产生影响,而对于不同形态磷含量,Laible-P、Fe/Al-P、Org-P含量均表现为河口湿地林草地城镇附近,Ca-P、Res-P含量均表现为城镇附近河口湿地林草地.分析沉积物理化性质与各磷形态之间的相关性,发现沉积物总氮(TN)、有机质和总有机碳与Fe/Al-P、LabileP和TP相关性较好,与Org-P、Ca-P和Res-P相关性较差,表明TN和有机质的输入,会伴随沉积物中磷含量的升高,其增量的赋存形态主要为氧化还原敏感态磷和Labile-P.沉积物粒径组成与各磷形态含量存在相关性,细粒径沉积物与各形态磷含量呈显著正相关,粗粒径沉积物与各形态磷呈显著负相关,表明细小颗粒更易吸附磷.     

Experimental study on phosphorus release from sediments of shallow lake in wave flume

Influence of wave on sediment resuspension and nutrients release from sediments, collected from Lake Taihu and Lake Chaohu, was studied in flume experiments. Under strong-wave conditions, concentrations of suspended solids (SS), total phosphorus (TP) and dissolved total phosphorus (DTP) in overlying water were increased significantly following the sediments re-suspension. During the experiments on sediments of Lake Taihu and Lake Chaohu, TP concentrations increased 6 times and 3 times, and DTP concentration increased 100% and 70% more than it in presuspension, respectively. Concentration of soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) of experiment on sediment of Lake Taihu increased 25%. During the massive sediment suspension, the dissolved phosphorus in pore water and much of the phosphorus adsorbed by the sediment particles were released into overlying water. The phenomena in this wave flume experiment are quite similar to the situation observed in situ of Lake Taihu. The critical wave stresses of sediment re-suspension are nearly equal. The change of concentrations of SS, TP, and SRP was the same as that in situ situation. This study showed that concentrations of TP and SRP in lake water could be increased significantly by wave disturbance. Phosphorus release was significantly enhanced by wave disturbance at the beginning of massive sediment re-suspension, but decreased later.     

Sediment geochemistry of the urban Lake Paulo Gorski

The objective of this study was to evaluate the concentration and distribution of heavy metals in the sediments of Paulo Gorski Lake, as well as the metals’ bioavailability and potential ecological risk, and to define the anthropogenic and natural heavy metal contributions to the lake. The chemical elements calcium (Ca), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), sodium (Na), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) were quantified by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry with two extraction methods to quantify the bioavailable and non-bioavailable fractions. The data were evaluated using multivariate statistics and sediment quality indices. All sediment collection points (S1, S2, S3, S4 and S5) are different in terms of the concentration of heavy metals, except for S4 and S5, which were statistically equal. The bioavailable fraction of the elements in the sediment follows the sequence Pb>Cu>Mn>Zn>Ni>Cr>phosphorus (P) for all points. The elements Co, Cr, Pb, and Zn showed moderate to considerable contamination at all points. Only points S3 and S5 had moderate ecological risk. Urbanization has been affecting Paulo Gorski Lake via the input of chemical elements, especially Co and Pb. The points most affected by heavy metal contamination are S3 and S5 when the sedimentological sensitivity factor is considered. The lake has high hydrodynamics, causing some of the contaminants that enter the system to leave it, leading to potential negative impacts downstream.     

鄱阳湖沉积物中磷的赋存形态及分布特征

利用分级提取法对鄱阳湖沉积物进行了磷形态的分级提取和测定,系统研究了沉积物中磷的赋存形态及分布特征.结果表明,鄱阳湖表层沉积物中磷的赋存形态主要包括铁磷(Fe-P)、钙磷(Ca-P)、铝磷(Al-P)、可溶性磷(DP)等无机磷(IP)及有机磷(OP),各形态磷的空间分布基本具有从河口地区监测点向湖区监测点方向升高的趋势,垂向分布上总磷及各形态磷含量随深度增加而降低.表层沉积物(0-2cm)中总磷含量为578.36-813.55mg/kg,主要由无机磷组成,无机磷中以Fe-P含量最高,最大值达350.24mg/kg,占总磷的40%以上,Ca-P、Al-P含量相当,约占总磷含量的20%左右,而以DP的含量最低,含量在5%以下.有机磷含量约占总磷含量的15%左右.另外,沉积物中TP含量与Fe-P、Al-P、Ca-P及OP均具有较好的相关性,且OP含量与Fe-P、Al-P也具有较好的正相关关系,而与Ca-P的相关性较弱.     

Phosphorus retention and release by sediments in the eutrophic Mai Po Marshes, Hong Kong

This study examined the phosphorus retention and release characteristics of sediments in the eutrophic Mai Po Marshes in Hong Kong. Results of chemical fractionation show that the sum of inorganic P pools exceeded 50% of the total sediment P content, with the redox-sensitive iron-bound P (Fe(OOH) approximately P) being the dominant P fraction. Given the considerable average Fe(OOH) approximately P concentration of 912 microg g(-1), Mai Po sediments demonstrated a great potential to release bioavailable P under low sediment redox potentials. This was further supported by the high mean anaerobic P flux of 31.8 mg m(-2)d(-1) recorded in Mai Po sediment cores, indicating the role of bottom sediments as a net P source. Although sediments in Mai Po had appreciable Langmuir adsorption maxima (1642-3582 mg kg(-1)), the high zero equilibrium P concentrations (0.02-0.51 mg L(-1)) obtained suggest that sediment sorption processes would contribute to sustaining the eutrophic conditions in overlying water column even with a further reduction in external P load. Concerted efforts should be made to reduce internal loading of P, especially under reducing conditions, to complement the implementation of zero discharge policy for Deep Bay for effective eutrophication abatement and long-term water quality improvement in the Mai Po Marshes.     

Phosphorus forms and distribution in Zhejiang coastal sediment in the East China Sea

Surface and core sediment samples were collected from Zhejiang coastal waters of the East China Sea to study phosphorus（P） forms and understand the potential release of P as well as adsorption.The sediments were extracted sequentially to determine four phosphorus fractions,and non-sequentially for total phosphorus（TP）.The total concentration of phosphorus in the surface sediments ranged from 527.2 to 680.5 mg kg-1.Inorganic P was the major form and accounted for 84-94%of TP.Among the four forms,P-Detrital was dominant（58.6-73.2%）,followed by P-CDB（10.5-20.9%）,P-Organic（6.1-15.9%）,and P-CFA（5.9-16.3%）.The distribution pattern of TP in the surface sediments was similar to that of P-Detrital and P-Organic,but different from P-CDB and P-CFA.A relatively high level of phosphorus was observed in estuarine sediments,reflecting the influence from terrestrial input.Phosphorus in all forms in core sediments at each station decreased with depth.In addition,potentially bio-available phosphorus accounted for 20-34%of TP.     

模拟水体pH控制条件下太湖梅梁湾沉积物中磷的释放特征

采用缓冲溶液控制水体pH值,模拟研究了太湖梅梁湾沉积物扰动悬浮状态下水体磷的释放规律(48h),分析了实验前后沉积物中磷的赋存形态组成及变化特征.结果表明,pH条件对沉积物磷释放具有显著影响,强酸性(pH=2.0)及碱性(pH=9.5,11.8)条件下皆利于磷的释放,但强酸性水体磷含量随时间逐渐降低,而碱性水体磷呈持续释放状态;中性条件(pH=7.2)磷的释放释放作用不明显,磷释放达到稳定状态(14b)后,碱性条件下(pH=9.5,11.8)磷释放量为酸性(pH=2.0,4.6)及中性(pH=7.2)条件下的4倍以上,通过对比释放前、后沉积物中磷的形态组成可知,酸性条件主要为钙结合态磷的释放;碱性条件主要是铁结合态磷释放,部分可发生再沉淀,转化为钙结合态磷,研究表明,梅梁湾沉积物中铁结合态磷的解析是沉积物磷的主要释放源,是水体内源磷增加的重要贡献者.     

Distribution of geochemical fractions of phosphorus and its ecological risk in sediment cores of a largest brackish water lake,South Asia

The current study focuses on the vertical profile of different geochemical fractions of phosphorus-loosely bound(Lo–P),aluminium bound(Al–P),iron bound(Fe–P),calcium bound(Ca–P),and organic bound phosphorus(O–P)along with ecological risk assessment of sediment cores from Chilika Lake,eastcoast of India.The percentage contribution of the different fractions to the sedimentary phosphorus in the sediment column of the whole lake are on the order:O–P(33.2%)>Ca–P(20.3%)>Fe–P(18%)>Al–P(6.7%)>Lo–P(0.35%).The Phosphorus Pollution Index(PPI)revealed the contamination of lake sediment with phosphorus.The principal component and cluster analyses highlighted the anthropogenic contribution of phosphorus.The negative loading of Ca–P with Ca points towards its origin from marine shells.The discriminate analysis showed that the variables like Ca–P,bio-available phosphorus(BAP),and pH were able to effectively discriminate the sectors in a significant manner.     

太湖入、出湖湖区磷的特征及其影响因素分析

为进一步了解人类活动及环境因子对太湖磷污染的贡献,揭示磷在太湖不同介质中的迁移转化规律,本文以太湖主要入湖湖区竺山湖、西部沿岸区、南部沿岸区和主要出湖湖区东太湖为对象,调查了表层水、上覆水、间隙水和沉积物中总磷(TP)分布的概况,分析了不同介质中磷的交换特征及其影响因素. 结果表明,表层水和上覆水TP浓度基本相当,平均值均为0.10 mg/L,上覆水和间隙水TP差异较大,间隙水平均浓度约为上覆水的7倍,表层沉积物TP含量为474~2160 mg/kg. 在本研究水域中,TP具有较强的沉积物吸附特性,沉积物作为“汇”的特征明显强于其“源”的特征,且磷的留存能力高度依赖于铁浓度. 空间分布上,入湖湖区磷污染程度明显高于出湖湖区,竺山湖和西部沿岸区存在较大的底泥污染释放风险,但竺山湖外源污染影响较内源污染更加突出,应列为当前太湖磷治理重点关注的区域,建议以控源截污作为竺山湖周边区域的治理重点. 西部沿岸区需注重外源和内源污染同步控制. 南部沿岸区周边区域需妥善处理好未来经济发展与废水排放负荷的关系.     

Spatiotemporal variations of internal P-loading and the related mechanisms in the large shallow Lake Chaohu

Spatiotemporal variations of P species and adsorption behavior in water column, interstitial water, and sediments were investigated in the large shallow eutrophic Lake Chaohu. Ortho-phosphate (Ortho-P) and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations were significantly higher in the western part than in the eastern part of the lake, due to different nutrient inputs from the surrounding rivers. Moreover, paniculate phosphorus (PP) concentration was in a similar spatial pattern to Ortho-P and TP concentrations, and also showed significantly positive correlation with the biomass of Microcystis, indicating more uptake and store of phosphorus by Microcystis than by other algae. Increase of pH and intensive utilization of P by phytoplankton were the main factors promoting P (especially Fe-P) release from the sediment to interstitial water during the cyanobacterial blooms in Lake Chaohu. Spatial dynamics in TP concentration, P species and adsorption behavior of the sediment, coupled with the statistical analyses, suggested that the spatial heterogeneity of P contents in the sediment was influenced by various factors, e.g. human activities, soil geochemistry and mineral composition. In spite of similar TP contents in the sediments, increase in proportion of Fe-P concentration in the sediment may result in a high risk of P release.     

Heavy metal contamination in coastal sediments and soils near the Brazilian Antarctic Station, King George Island

This paper investigates the natural and anthropogenic processes controlling sediment chemistry in Admiralty Bay, King George Island, Antarctica, emphasizing the area affected by the Brazilian Antarctic Station Comandante Ferraz (Ferraz). Total and bioavailable concentrations of sixteen elements were determined in 32 sediment and 14 soils samples. Factor analysis allowed us to distinguish three groups of samples: (1) Ferraz sediments, with higher content of total trace metals and organic matter; (2) control sediments, with intermediate characteristics; (3) Ferraz soils, with higher bioavailability of most metals due to its oxidizing condition and low organic matter content. Major elements such as Fe, Al, Ca and Ti presented similar levels in all three groups. Enrichment factor calculations showed that paints, sewage and petroleum contamination enhanced metal concentrations in Ferraz surface sediments as follows: B, Mo, and Pb (>90%); V and Zn (70-80%); Ni, Cu, Mg, and Mn (30-40%). Despite evidence of contamination in these sediments, the low bioavailability, probably caused by iron-sulfide, indicates small environmental risks.     

Spatiotemporal variations of internal P-loading and the related mechanisms in the large shallow Lake Chaohu

Spatiotemporal variations of P species and adsorption behavior in water column, interstitial water, and sediments were investigated in the large shallow eutrophic Lake Chaohu. Orthophosphate (Ortho-P) and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations were significantly higher in the western part than in the eastern part of the lake, due to different nutrient inputs from the surrounding rivers. Moreover, particulate phosphorus (PP) concentration was in a similar spatial pattern to Ortho-P and TP concentrations, and also showed significantly positive correlation with the biomass of Microcystis, indicating more uptake and store of phosphorus by Microcystis than by other algae. Increase of pH and intensive utilization of P by phytoplankton were the main factors promoting P (especially Fe-P) release from the sediment to interstitial water during the cyanobacterial blooms in Lake Chaohu. Spatial dynamics in TP concentration, P species and adsorption behavior of the sediment, coupled with the statistical analyses, suggested that the spatial heterogeneity of P contents in the sediment was influenced by various factors, e.g. human activities, soil geochemistry and mineral composition. In spite of similar TP contents in the sediments, increase in proportion of Fe-P concentration in the sediment may result in a high risk of P release.