安徽省马山矿区硫化物矿石中黄铁矿与磁铁矿的后成合晶

在安徽省马山矿区的硫化物矿石中,黄铁矿与磁铁矿呈后成合晶交代磁黄铁矿的结构,是成矿系统物理化学条件向磁黄铁矿-黄铁矿-磁铁矿三相点演化的产物。系统经过三相点的几率甚小,因而这种结构在矿石中十分少见。     

安徽铜陵冬瓜山铜矿床的叠加改造成矿机制：来自矿石结构的证据

长江中、下游地区块状硫化物矿床普遍受到燕山期岩浆及其热液的改造与叠加.本文以铜陵冬瓜山矿床为例,探讨这类矿床的成矿机制.该矿床主要由层状硫化物矿体组成,伴有矽卡岩型和斑岩型矿体.野外地质观察及室内矿相学的研究表明,冬瓜山层状矿体中矿石遭受了强烈的热变质作用及热液交代作用.进变质过程中形成的结构主要为黄铁矿受燕山期岩浆侵...     

An experimental study of the mechanism of the replacement of magnetite by pyrite up to 300 °C

We present the results of an experimental study into the sulfidation of magnetite to form pyrite/marcasite under hydrothermal conditions (90-300 °C, vapor saturated pressures), a process associated with gold deposition in a number of ore deposits. The formation of pyrite/marcasite was studied as a function of reaction time, temperature, pH, sulfide concentration, solid-weight-to-fluid-volume ratio, and geometric surface area of magnetite in polytetrafluoroethylene-lined autoclaves (PTFE) and a titanium and stainless steel flow-through cell. Marcasite was formed only at pH_21°C <4 and was the dominant Fe disulfide at pH_21°C 1.11, while pyrite predominated at pH_21°C >2 and formed even under basic conditions (up to pH_21°C 12-13). Marcasite formation was favored at higher temperatures. Fine-grained pyrrhotite formed in the initial stage of the reaction together with pyrite in some experiments with large surface area of magnetite (grain size <125 μm). This pyrrhotite eventually gave way to pyrite. The transformation rate of magnetite to Fe disulfide increased with decreasing pH (at 120 °C; pH_120°C 0.96-4.42), and that rate of the transformation increased from 120 to 190 °C.Scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging revealed that micro-pores (0.1-5 μm scale) existed at the reaction front between the parent magnetite and the product pyrite, and that the pyrite and/or marcasite were euhedral at pH_21°C <4 and anhedral at higher pH. The newly formed pyrite was micro-porous (0.1-5 μm); this micro-porosity facilitates fluid transport to the reaction interface between magnetite and pyrite, thus promoting the replacement reaction. The pyrite precipitated onto the parent magnetite was polycrystalline and did not preserve the crystallographic orientation of the magnetite. The pyrite precipitation was also observed on the PTFE liner, which is consistent with pyrite crystallizing from solution. The mechanism of the reaction is that of a dissolution-reprecipitation reaction with the precipitation of pyrite being the rate-limiting step relative to magnetite dissolution under mildly acidic conditions (e.g., pH_155°C 4.42).The experimental results are in good agreement with sulfide phase assemblage and textures reported from sulfidized Banded Iron Formations: pyrite, marcasite and pyrrhotite have been found to exist or co-exist in different sulfidized Banded Iron Formations, and the microtextures show no evidence of sub-μm-scale pseudomorphism of magnetite by pyrite.     

安徽铜陵冬瓜山矿床中磁黄铁矿矿石结构特征及其成因意义

安徽铜陵冬瓜山矿床是长江中下游地区具有代表性的大型层状硫化物矿床,磁黄铁矿为矿床中的主要硫化物矿物.该矿床主要由层状硫化物矿体组成,伴有矽卡岩型和斑岩型矿体.在层状矿体上部,磁黄铁矿主要为块状构造,而层状矿体下部,磁黄铁矿多为层纹状、条带状构造,具有显著的沉积结构构造特征.野外地质观察及室内矿相学研究表明,层状矿体中磁黄铁矿矿石遭受了强烈的变质作用及热液交代作用.进变质过程中形成的结构主要为胶黄铁矿转变为黄铁矿以及进一步变质转变为磁黄铁矿、磁铁矿时形成的交代残留结构.退变质过程则以磁黄铁矿的退火、黄铁矿变斑晶的生长和单纯六方磁黄铁矿的形成为特征.岩浆热液对单纯六方磁黄铁矿的交代作用形成了单斜和六方磁黄铁矿的交生结构.这些结构特征表明层状矿体中的磁黄铁矿并不是岩浆热液成因,而主要为石炭纪同生沉积胶黄铁矿、黄铁矿在燕山期岩浆侵入所引起的热变质作用下脱硫所形成,并在热变质作用之后又受到岩浆热液的叠加交代.磁黄铁矿的结构特征显示冬瓜山矿床的形成经历了同生沉积、热变质、热液交代等多个阶段,支持其为同生沉积-叠加改造型矿床.     

Thermal magnetic susceptibility data on natural iron sulfides of northeastern Russia

Dependences of magnetic susceptibility (MS) on the temperature of natural iron sulfide samples (pyrite, marcasite, greigite, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite) from the deposits of northeastern Russia were studied. The thermal MS curves for pyrite and marcasite are the same: On heating, MS increases at 420–450 °C, and unstable magnetite (maghemite) and monoclinic pyrrhotite with a well-defined Hopkinson peak are produced. In oxygen-free media with carbon or nitrogen, magnetite formation is weak, whereas pyrrhotite generation is more significant. The heating curves for chalcopyrite are similar to those for pyrite. They show an increase in MS at the same temperatures (420–450 °C). However, stable magnetite is produced, whereas monoclinic pyrrhotite is absent. In contrast to that in pyrite, marcasite, and chalcopyrite, magnetite formation in arsenopyrite begins at > 500 °C. Arsenopyrite cooling is accompanied by the formation of magnetite (S-rich arsenopyrite) or maghemite (As-rich arsenopyrite) with a dramatic increase in MS. Arsenopyrite with an increased S content is characterized by insignificant pyrrhotite formation. Greigite is marked by a decrease in MS on the heating curves at 360–420 °C with the formation of unstable cation-deficient magnetite.Monoclinic pyrrhotite is characterized by a decrease in MS at ～ 320 °C, and hexagonal pyrrhotite, by a transition to a ferrimagnetic state at 210–260 °C. The addition of organic matter to monoclinic pyrrhotite stimulates the formation of hexagonal pyrrhotite, which transforms back into monoclinic pyrrhotite on repeated heating. The oxidation products of sulfides (greigite, chalcopyrite) show an increase in MS at 240–250 °C owing to lepidocrocite.     

吉林放牛沟硫铁多金属矿床矿物地球化学及矿床成因

本文总结了黄铁矿、闪锌矿的成因地球化学标志;阐明了黄铁矿中元素在空间上的分带规律和在成矿过程中时间上的演化规律;建立了反映上述分带规律的回归方程组;论证了本矿床矿石中黄铁矿与磁黄铁矿间、矿石矿物与花岗岩副矿物磁铁矿间的成因联系;类比了国内外铅锌矿床上述矿物的地球化学特征。由此得出结论:放牛沟硫铁多金属矿床系岩浆热液成因,其成矿物质主要来自后庙岭花岗岩深部岩浆源。铅锌矿主要在中温条件下形成,接触带矿体与外接触带矿体属同一成矿系列。放牛沟矿床与后庙岭花岗岩系同一岩浆—热液系统的产物。     

Oxide and sulphide minerals in highly oxidized, Rb-depleted, Archaean granulites of the Shevaroy Hills Massif, South India: Oxidation states and the role of metamorphic fluids

The Shevaroy Hills of northern Tamil Nadu, southern India, expose the highest-grade granulites of a prograde amphibolite facies to granulite facies deep-crustal section of Late Archaean age. These highly oxidized quartzofeldspathic garnet charnockites generally show minor high-TiO₂ biotite and amphibole as the only hydrous minerals and are greatly depleted in the incompatible elements Rb and Th. Peak metamorphic temperatures (garnet–orthopyroxene) and pressures (garnet–orthopyroxene–plagioclase–quartz) are near 750 °C and 8 kbar, respectively. Pervasive veinlets of K-feldspar exist throughout dominant plagioclase in each sample and show clean contact with orthopyroxene. They are suggested to have been produced by a low H₂O activity, migrating fluid phase under granulite facies conditions, most likely a concentrated chloride/carbonate brine with high alkali mobility accompanied by an immiscible CO₂-rich fluid. Silicate, oxide and sulphide mineral assemblages record high oxygen fugacity. Pyroxenes in the felsic rocks have high Mg/(Mg+Fe) (0.5–0.7). The major oxide mineral is ilmenite with up to 60 mole per cent exsolved hematite. Utilizing three independent oxygen barometers (ferrosilite–magnetite–quartz, ferrosilite–hematite–quartz and magnetite–hematite) in conjunction with garnet–orthopyroxene exchange temperatures, samples with XIlmHm>0.1 yield a consistent oxygen fugacity about two log units above fayalite stability. Less oxidized samples (XIlmHm<0.1) show some scatter with indications of having equilibrated under more reducing conditions. Temperature-f (O₂ ) arrays result in self consistent conditions ranging from 660 °C and 10^?16 bar to 820 °C and 10^?11.5 bar. These trends are confirmed by calculations based on the assemblage clinopyroxene–orthopyroxene–magnetite–ilmenite using the QUIlF program. In the most oxidized granulite samples (XIlmHm>0.4) pyrite is the dominant sulphide and pyrrhotite is absent. Pyrite grains in these samples have marginal alteration to magnetite along the rims, signifying a high-temperature oxidation event. Moderately oxidized samples (0.1no coexisting magnetite. Chalcopyrite is a common accessory mineral of pyrite and pyrrhotite in all the samples. Textures in some samples suggest that it formed as an exsolution product from pyrrhotite. Extensive vein networks of magnetite and pyrite, associated principally with the pyroxene and amphibole, give evidence for a pervasive, highly oxidizing fluid phase. Thermodynamic analysis of the assemblage pyrrhotite, pyrite and magnetite yields consistent high oxidation states at 700–800 °C and 8 kbar. The oxygen fugacity in our most oxidized pyrrhotite-bearing sample is 10^?12.65 bar at 770 °C. There are strong indications that the Shevaroy Hills granulites recrystallized in the presence of an alkali-rich, low H₂O-activity fluid, probably a concentrated brine. It cannot be demonstrated at present whether the high oxidation states were set by initially oxidized protoliths or effected by the postulated fluids. The high correspondence of maximally Rb-depleted samples with the highest recorded oxidation states suggests that the Rb depletion event coincided with the oxidation event, probably during breakdown of biotite to orthopyroxene+K-feldspar. We speculate that these alterations were effected by exhalations from deep-seated alkali basalts, which provided both heat and high oxygen fugacity, low a_H2O fluids. It will be of interest to determine whether greatly Rb-depleted granulites in other Precambrian terranes show similar highly-oxidizing signatures.     

辽宁红透山铜锌块状硫化物矿床的变质变形和成矿组分再活化

辽宁红透山铜-锌块状硫化物产在太古宙绿岩带中，矿床形成后经历了强烈的变形和变质，变质程度达高级角闪岩相。野外和显微镜研究表明，矿石在进变质过程中发生过强烈的机械再活化和重结晶，但各种进变质结构大部分已被变质峰期的全面重结晶所清除，目前保存着的结构主要是变质峰期和退变质过程的产物。退变质过程以黄铁矿变斑晶生长、矿石糜棱岩的形成、二次退火和化学再活化为特征。矿床中高度富集铜和金的矿石是韧性剪切形成的矿石糜棱岩受退变质流体叠加而成。磁黄铁矿主要是同生沉积后重结晶的产物，另有一部分由退变质热液形成，而黄铁矿变斑晶则有沉积一重结晶、磁黄铁矿退变质脱硫和热液叠加多种成因。世界各地块状硫化物矿床中的磁黄铁矿和黄铁矿各有三种成因类型。磁黄铁矿的类型有：同生沉积．变质重结晶、同生沉积黄铁矿变质和退变质热液充填或交代；黄铁矿的类型有：同生沉积-变质重结晶、磁黄铁矿退变质脱硫和退变质热液充填或交代。红透山矿区的退变质流体具有从早到晚氧逸度升高的趋势。     

Evidence for,and implications of,a primary FeS phase in the lead-zinc bearing sediments at Mount Isa

Quantitative mineral data from the lead-zinc bearing sediments at Mount Isa were studied using linear correlation analysis and R-mode cluster analysis. Pyrrhotite was found to be preferentially associated with galena and sphalerite. It is postulated that during sedimentation, formation of lead and zinc sulphides depleted an already limited sulphur supply to the point where the field of FeS stability was entered. The primary iron monosulphide formed was, or has since become, pyrrhotite. This hypothesis is in contrast to the widely held opinion that pyrrhotite in stratiform ores formed by metamorphic decomposition of pyrite. Empirical support for the sedimentary formation of pyrrhotite is provided by textural and qualitative mineralogical data from Mount Isa and other stratiform lead-zinc deposits.     

陕西省勉略宁矿集区铜厂铜-铁矿床地质特征及其成因探讨

铜厂铜-铁矿床是勉略宁矿集区具有代表性的矿床之一,主要由上部的铜厂铜矿床和下部的杨家坝铁矿床(铜厂铁矿床)组成。根据磁铁矿和硫化物的相对含量,铜厂铜-铁矿床的矿石可分为磁铁矿矿石、含硫化物磁铁矿矿石和硫化物矿石三类。系统的岩相学和矿相学研究表明,其矿石矿物主要为磁铁矿、黄铜矿、黄铁矿和磁黄铁矿;矿石结构包括自形-半自形-他形粒状结构、交代残余结构和包含结构,矿石构造包括块状、浸染状、脉状和条带状构造。铜厂铜-铁矿床的围岩蚀变种类较多,且具有一定的分带性,上部铜矿体围岩蚀变以硅化、碳酸盐化和黑云母化为主,以石英、方解石和黑云母为主的蚀变矿物组合显示钾化特征;下部铁矿体围岩蚀变有钠长石化、蛇纹石化、滑石化、透闪石化、碳酸盐化、绿泥石化等,以钠长石、蛇纹石、滑石、透闪石、方解石、白云石、菱铁矿、绿泥石、黑云母和磷灰石等为主的蚀变矿物组合显示钠化特征。铜厂铜-铁矿床中磁铁矿的TiO₂含量小于1.72%,Al₂O₃含量小于1.81%,均显示热液磁铁矿的特征,结合铜矿石脉穿插铜厂闪长岩及二者突变接触的地质特征,说明铜厂铜-铁矿床的形成与热液活动密切相关。同时,铜厂铜-铁矿床形成于早古生代加里东期,勉略宁矿集区在该时期处于大陆裂谷的扩张环境中,与铁氧化物-铜-金(Iron Oxide-Copper-Gold,简称IOCG)矿床的形成环境类似。通过与典型IOCG矿床地质特征、矿化蚀变特征、矿物组合特征、矿物地球化学特征及大地构造背景的系统对比,初步提出铜厂铜-铁矿床应属于IOCG矿床。     

Magnetoacoustic emission of natural pyrrhotite

We consider data of study of the parameters of magnetoacoustic emission performed on pyrrhotite from magnetite and pyrite ores from the deposits of the Urals. It is shown that the difference in signals is mainly due to different types of domain structure which forms during the crystallization of pyrrhotite as pinacoids or prisms. Five types of pyrrhotite are recognized depending on the parameters of magnetoacoustic emission. This information can be used as typomorphic features of pyrrhotite of different geneses.     

与侵入岩有关的金矿体系

与侵入岩有关的金矿体系的主要特点 :1.大地构造位置是会聚板块边缘的内侧。这种部位的大陆岩浆作用往往形成了同时代的碱性、偏铝钙碱性和过铝成分的侵入岩 ;2 .显生宙 ,尤其是海西期和燕山期形成的侵入岩是与侵入岩金矿床有关的最佳侵入岩 ,其中最有利的部位是已知钨、锡矿床产出部位 ;3.成矿母岩是中性到酸性成分的偏铝、次碱性侵入岩 ,介于钛铁矿系列与磁铁矿系列之间 ;4 .成矿流体是富碳的热流体 ;5 .金属组合是 Au与 Bi、W、As、Mo、Te或 Sb组合 ,贱金属含量低 ;6 .硫化物含量低 ,一般低于 5 % ,显示还原性质的矿石矿物组合 ,特征的矿物组成是毒砂和磁黄铁矿 ,缺失磁铁矿和赤铁矿 ;7.除了浅成条件下形成的金矿床 ,该金矿体系的热液蚀变较弱 ,常见的蚀变产物是白云母 -绢云母 -绿泥石 -碳酸盐集合体。     

Postmagmatic,hydrothermal origin of sulfide and arsenide mineralizations at Limassol Forest,Cyprus

The Ni-Co-Cu ores of Pevkos and Lakxia tou Mavrou, Limassol Forest, Cyprus, have been investigated microscopically and by electron microprobe analysis. At Pevkos, the mineral association consists of pyrrhotite, pentlandite, maucherite, chalcopyrite, cubanite, magnetite, chromite and valleriite with minor amounts of westerveldite, bornite, neodigenite, covellite and cobaltite. The mineralization at Lakxia tou Mavrou comprises pyrrhotite, pentlandite, löllingite, chalcopyrite, cubanite and chromite with traces of magnetite, pyrite, maucherite and valleriite. Paragenetic, compositional and textural features suggest a nonmagmatic origin for the sulfides and arsenides; they were deposited during serpentinization of the ultramafic host rocks. A conceptual model for mineralization linked to decreasing temperatures in a hydrothermal system is presented.     

青海东昆仑乌兰乌珠尔铜矿金属矿物特征及意义

通过详细的光、薄片研究,认为乌兰乌珠尔铜矿主要金属矿物有黄铁矿、黄铜矿、磁铁矿、磁黄铁矿、毒砂、闪锌矿、黑钨矿和锡石等.进一步通过金属矿物组合及其成分分析和流体包裹研究,推断乌兰乌珠尔铜矿的金属矿物主要是在高硫逸度较还原环境下形成的,其形成作用可划分为锡石-多金属和黄铜矿-多金属两个成矿阶段.结合乌兰乌珠尔区域地质和矿床地质的研究,确定该矿床为中高温热液Cu矿床.     

金属矿物的反应动力学与地球化学意义

概述了动力学实验的技术方法和金属矿物的反应动力学研究进展。动力学实验使用的三种基本化学反应装置是间歇反应器（ＢＲ）、活塞流反应器（ＰＦＲ）和混合流反应器（ＭＦＲ）,确定速率定律的数学方法包括积分法、微分法和混合法,以微分法中的初始速率法应用最广。目前主要研究了水溶液中黄铁矿氧化、黄铁矿和黄铜矿形成、晶质铀矿和磁铁矿溶解的速率定律和反应机理,发现：（１）酸性溶液中黄铁矿的氧化速率对Ｆｅ３＋和Ｏ２浓度呈分数依赖并受表面反应的控制;（２）低于３００℃时黄铁矿不能从溶液中直接成核,而需初始地通过ＦｅＳ先驱物的硫化生成,ＦｅＳ与Ｈ２Ｓ反应形成黄铁矿的速率方程为二级;（３）磁黄铁矿或黄铁矿与Ｃｕ２＋反应均可形成黄铜矿,前者经历了一系列准稳的Ｃｕ Ｆｅ硫化物的中间物,后者的速率方程为表观一级并受表面反应的控制;（４）酸性ｐＨ时磁铁矿的非线性溶解行为可采用表面反应扩散输运耦合的收缩核模型（ＳＣＭ）来描述。有关动力学实验成果完善和深化了对矿床中黄铁矿、黄铜矿的形成机理和风化壳中磁铁矿的稳定性等方面的认识。将来的实验研究将向更多的金属矿物和高温高压领域发展。     

Mine drainage from the weathering of sulfide minerals and magnetite

Pyrite and pyrrhotite are the principal minerals that generate acid drainage in mine wastes. Low-pH conditions derived from Fe-sulfide oxidation result in the mobilization of contaminant metals (such as Zn, Cd, Ni and Cr) and metalloids (such as As) which are of environmental concern. This paper uses data from detailed mineralogical and geochemical studies conducted at two Canadian tailings impoundments to examine the mineralogical changes that pyrite, pyrrhotite, sphalerite and magnetite undergo during and after sulfide oxidation, and the subsequent release and attenuation of associated trace elements. The stability of sphalerite in tailings impoundments generally is greater than that of pyrrhotite, but less than pyrite. Dissolved Ni and Co derived from Fe sulfides, and to a lesser extent, dissolved Zn and Cd from sphalerite, are commonly attenuated by early-formed Fe oxyhydroxides. As oxidation progresses, a recycling occurs due to continued leaching from low-pH pore waters and because the crystallinity of Fe oxyhydroxides gradually increases which decreases their sorptive capacity. Unlike many other elements, such as Cu, Pb and Cr, which form secondary minerals or remain incorporated into mature Fe oxyhydroxides, Zn and Ni become mobile. Magnetite, which is a potential source of Cr, is relatively stable except under extremely low-pH conditions. A conceptual model for the sequence of events that typically occurs in an oxidizing tailings impoundment is developed outlining the progressive oxidation of a unit of mine waste containing a mixed assemblage of pyrrhotite and pyrite.     

福建太阳山破碎带蚀变岩型金矿形成的矿相学证据

系统的矿相学研究表明,太阳山金矿矿石矿物主要为黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿、含银自然金、闪锌矿、黄铜矿;矿床围岩蚀变种类较多,主要有硅化、绢云母化、钾长石化、石墨化。矿石结构包括自形—半自形粒状结构、假象结构、压碎结构、包含结构、错断结构等,矿石构造包括浸染状、微脉浸染状、脉状、网脉状构造。金主要以包裹金、粒间金、裂隙金、赋存于石英、黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿中。矿区内常见的是碎裂岩和糜棱岩化岩石,很少见到糜棱岩,不存在超糜棱岩、构不成糜棱岩系列。本矿床地质特征与典型的破碎带蚀变岩型金矿山东焦家金矿极为相似。因此,太阳山金矿属于典型的破碎带蚀变岩型金矿。     

Oxide–sulphide relationships in sodalite-bearing metasomatites of the Epembe–Swartbooisdrif Alkaline Province, north-west Namibia

The south-eastern part of Kunene Intrusive Complex (KIC), Namibia/Angola, is host to volumetrically significant, and economically important, concentrations of sodalite in the area around Swartbooisdrif, north-west Namibia. The mineralisation was formed by metasomatic exchange with carbonatites of the Epembe–Swartbooisdrif Alkaline Province. This process led to the breakdown of ore minerals initially present in various rock types of the KIC and caused the formation of new opaque phases in the sodalite-bearing metasomatites. A detailed investigation of textures and chemical compositions of the Fe–Ti oxides and sulphides has allowed evaluation of the complex ore-forming processes related to the polyphase magmatic and metasomatic history of the sodalite deposit. The predominant opaque phases in the various rock types of the KIC are ilmenite and (titano)magnetite, which are highly concentrated in the so-called magnetite plugs. It is clear from the textural evidence that most of the ilmenite and (titano)magnetite, although of orthomagmatic origin, recrystallised under subsolidus conditions. Conformably, their respective chemical compositions and phase relations represented in the system FeO–1/2Fe₂O₃–TiO₂ point to re-equilibration at temperatures below 600 °C. Ilmenite and (titano)magnetite were affected by later deformation and decomposed by various reactions, related to, or outlasting, the metasomatic process. Oxidation of ilmenite led to the formation of symplectitic aggregates of rutile and secondary magnetite. Carbonatisation of the Fe–Ti oxides produced rutile and the siderite and rhodochrosite components in ankerite. Pyrite, in part together with rutile and secondary magnetite, was formed by sulphidation of the Fe–Ti oxides. Conspicuous aggregates of granular or lamellar intergrowths of pyrite with hematite and/or magnetite are interpreted as products of contemporaneous sulphidation and oxidation of former igneous pyrrhotite. Rarely observed pyrrhotite with pentlandite lamellae is probably not an igneous relic, but was formed during the metasomatic event. Smaller amounts of chalcopyrite, bornite, digenite–chalcocite, galena, ferroan siegenite, millerite and polydymite testify to different cooling stages during or after metasomatism. Applying the phase relations in the simplified system Fe–Co–Ni–S–O, we were able to reconstruct a semi-quantitative T–f(S₂)–f(O₂) path for the ore-forming processes. Received: 22 October 1998 / Accepted: 27 October 1999     

Chalcophile and platinum-group element (PGE) concentrations in the sulfide minerals from the McCreedy East deposit,Sudbury, Canada,and the origin of PGE in pyrite

Magmatic sulfide deposits consist of pyrrhotite, pentlandite, chalcopyrite (± pyrite), and platinum-group minerals (PGM). Understanding the distribution of the chalcophile and platinum-group element (PGE) concentrations among the base metal sulfide phases and PGM is important both for the petrogenetic models of the ores and for the efficient extraction of the PGE. Typically, pyrrhotite and pentlandite host much of the PGE, except Pt which forms Pt minerals. Chalcopyrite does not host PGE and the role of pyrite has not been closely investigated. The Ni–Cu–PGE ores from the South Range of Sudbury are unusual in that sulfarsenide PGM, rather than pyrrhotite and pentlandite, are the main carrier of PGE, probably as the result of arsenic contribution to the sulfide liquid by the As-bearing metasedimentary footwall rocks. In comparison, the North Range deposits of Sudbury, such as the McCreedy East deposit, have As-poor granites in the footwall, and the ores commonly contain pyrite. Our results show that in the pyrrhotite-rich ores of the McCreedy East deposit Os, Ir, Ru, Rh (IPGE), and Re are concentrated in pyrrhotite, pentlandite, and surprisingly in pyrite. This indicates that sulfarsenides, which are not present in the ores, were not important in concentrating PGE in the North Range of Sudbury. Palladium is present in pentlandite and, together with Pt, form PGM such as (PtPd)(TeBi)₂. Platinum is also found in pyrite. Two generations of pyrite are present. One pyrite is primary and locally exsolved from monosulfide solid solution (MSS) in small amounts (<2 wt.%) together with pyrrhotite and pentlandite. This pyrite is unexpectedly enriched in IPGE, As (± Pt) and the concentrations of these elements are oscillatory zoned. The other pyrite is secondary and formed by alteration of the MSS cumulates by late magmatic/hydrothermal fluids. This pyrite is unzoned and has inherited the low concentrations of IPGE and Re from the pyrrhotite and pentlandite that it has replaced.     

西藏雄村铜金矿矿集区Ⅰ号矿体磁黄铁矿矿物特征及指示意义

雄村铜金矿是近年来西藏发现的又一大型斑岩铜金矿床,矿体中主要的金属矿物为黄铜矿、黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿、磁铁矿、方铅矿、闪锌矿。磁黄铁矿在矿石中含量较高,并常与黄铜矿紧密共生,电子探针分析结果表明,磁黄铁矿存在六方和单斜两种晶型,分析结果表明,雄村铜金矿矿物生成顺序为cp＋py＋mag→cp＋py＋pyr→py＋sph＋gal,成矿温度始于360℃,成矿系统温度下降缓慢,成矿时间较长。