长时间强度维持台风内核区位涡的中尺度分布特征及诊断

本文分析长时间强度维持"菲特"台风不同发展阶段的位涡分布特征发现：台风内核区中尺度高值PV带及其变化与台风强度变化具有伴随关系,即高值PV区与内核区强对流不仅具有对应关系;而且其生命史与台风强盛维持期一致;此外在眼墙区附近位涡梯度最大.分析还指出：垂直剖面上的高值PV呈现由单极位涡态（台风发展加强期）向中空位涡态（台风强盛维持期）的转变,到台风快速衰减期,又形成PV量值较小的单极位涡态.位涡收支方程诊断表明：内核区域水平平流、垂直输送和凝结加热的初始增强和大值收支带不仅对台风内中尺度高值位涡分布及长时间强度维持具有重要影响,而且具有伴随关系.此外,位涡收支各项对位涡态的转变起着不同的作用,其中凝结加热在台风强盛期中空位涡塔的建立中作用明显,水平平流项则在眼墙区的位涡塔中上层有着正贡献,垂直输送在高值PV分布的再分配中起中介作用.     

东北冷涡引起的对流输送过程个例分析和数值模拟

平流层-对流层物质交换是影响全球大气成分收支的重要过程.过去的研究认为大尺度的交换过程在平流层-对流层物质交换中最为重要,但是近些年的研究表明,中小尺度过程对平流层-对流层物质交换也有重要贡献.本文利用OMI和MLS数据、ERA-Interim再分析资料,结合中尺度WRF模式综合分析了东北地区发生在冷涡前部和冷涡后部的两次强对流天气过程.结果表明：发生在冷涡前部暖锋云系中的强对流持续时间长,对流垂直尺度小,下平流层静力稳定度高;发生在冷涡后部的孤立强对流持续时间短,水平尺度较小,且在对流层顶附近,静力稳定度小,对流可穿出热力学对流层顶.从示踪物分布情况来看,两次强对流都可将示踪物输送到对流层顶附近,但是冷涡前部对流可将示踪物从边界层输送到整个对流层,而孤立对流是把示踪物输送到对流层顶,而不与自由对流层空气发生混合.     

亚澳“大陆桥”对流影响东亚夏季风建立的可能机制

亚澳“大陆桥”是北半球春季亚洲季风区对流最活跃的地区, 对流的建立和推进与东亚夏季风建立关系密切. 早在4月中旬, 中南半岛即有对流出现, 对季风环流演变有重要影响. 4月中旬以前, 中南半岛和印度半岛对大气的加热均以感热为主, 视加热率随高度递减. 之后中南半岛由于对流建立而转为潜热加热, 对流层中低层视加热率随高度递增. 这种加热率的垂直分布以及与印度半岛加热之间的差异, 是导致副高带在孟加拉湾上空断裂的关键. 中南半岛上空加热率垂直梯度的变化超前于孟加拉湾涡度的变化, 是上述机制的有力证据. 副高带断裂后, 中南半岛及附近地区对流进一步加强. 此后,对流加热、副高东撤和季风推进之间存在一种正反馈关系, 是夏季风和对流自中南半岛推进至南海地区的一种可能机制.     

大气臭氧层的垂直分布及其变化的研究

为了进一步认识低纬度地区大气臭氧垂直分布及其变化的规律,本文采用逆转方法〈C〉计算了昆明地区冬春季大气臭氧的垂直分布.结果表明:臭氧垂直分布出现两种类型,一种是只在平流层中有一主极大值层;另一种是除主极大值层外,同时在对流层中还存在次极大值层.主极大值层的臭氧浓度变化相对较稳定,次极大值层主要受大气环流影响很不稳定,且随季节变化与位势高度、垂直速度等要素的关系存在着明显差异.此外,我们还分析了春季臭氧垂直分布的日际变化.     

风垂直切变对中尺度地形对流降水影响的研究

针对长江中下游中尺度地形特点以及暴雨过程发生发展期间风垂直切变的主要观测特征,设计了一系列中尺度地形的三维理想数值试验,分析了干大气地形流和重力波特征,探讨了条件不稳定湿大气地形对流降水的模态分布,在此基础上研究了圆形、直线风垂直切变和切变厚度对中尺度地形对流降水强度和模态分布的影响.结果发现:在 F_r≈1的干大气条件下,气流遇到地形后分支、绕流和爬升现象同时存在,地形激发的重力波在水平和垂直方向上传播,其在迎风坡、背风坡、地形上游和下游的振幅不同,并组织出不同强度的垂直上升运动.在F_r > 1的条件不稳定湿大气下,地形对流降水主要存在三种模态,即迎风坡和背风坡准静止对流降水以及地形下游移动性对流降水,地形对流降水的形成与重力波在低层组织的上升运动密切相关.风垂直切变对地形对流降水的强度和模态分布有重要作用,其中圆形风垂直切变(风随高度旋转)不仅影响地形下游对流降水系统的移动方向,而且影响迎风坡和背风坡山脚处对流降水中心的分布和强度;直线风垂直切变(风随高度无旋转)主要影响地形对流降水的移动速度和强度.风随高度自下而上顺(逆)时针旋转,地形对流系统向下游传播时向右(左)偏移.风垂直切变主要通过影响地形重力波的结构和传播以及对流系统的形成、移动方向和速度,来影响地形对流降水的模态分布,其中对流层中低层的风垂直切变对地形对流降水强度和模态分布有重要影响.     

强迫和惯性不稳定对流发展在印度夏季风爆发过程中的作用

利用NCEP/NCAR R1再分析资料,分析了阿拉伯海上空对流层低层惯性不稳定现象对印度夏季风爆发过程的影响,揭示了纬向地转动量的纬向平流在惯性不稳定中的重要作用.研究表明,在印度夏季风爆发过程中,由于强烈的跨赤道气压梯度,对流层低层的绝对涡度零线(η=0)在阿拉伯海南部上空自赤道向北推进,从而在北半球近赤道区域形成负绝对涡度区,该区域表现出明显的自由惯性不稳定.在摩擦作用下,当气流自南向北通过这一区域时,在绝对涡度零线北侧出现低层辐合中心,有利于低纬度对流发展.然而这种经典的惯性不稳定对流只出现在近赤道地区,对印度季风爆发的直接影响不明显.另一方面在η=0线北侧海平面低压中心南部,尽管该区域大气处于惯性稳定状态,低空西风气流的发展造成明显的纬向地转动量的纬向平流.理论和诊断分析表明,该纬向地转动量平流与南北方向海陆热力差异沿着纬圈非均匀分布密切相关,它引起低空辐合中心出现在印度大陆西南海岸低空急流附近及其北侧,为印度夏季风爆发提供有利的低空环流条件.说明春末夏初阿拉伯海地区低层对流的发展除了受摩擦惯性不稳定影响外,更受到海陆热力差异纬向分布不均匀的强烈影响.此外,在印度夏季风爆发前,对流层高层的南亚高压东伸发展,将中纬度高位涡输送到阿拉伯海上空,形成局地"喇叭口"状流场,产生明显的高空抽吸作用,为夏季风的爆发推进提供了有利的高空背景条件.当其与南北海陆热力对比的纬向差异所强迫的低空辐合中心在印度大陆西南海岸附近垂直耦合引起大气斜压不稳定发展时,激发了印度夏季风爆发.     

2013年1月中国东部持续性强雾霾天气产生的气象条件分析

2013年1月,在中国东部地区发生了强度强、持续时间长、发生范围广的雾霾天气．本文利用资料诊断,从大气环流背景场和雾霾天气演变过程两个方面,分析了气象条件在这次持续性强雾霾天气发生中的作用．结果表明,2013年1月东亚冬季风异常偏弱,在中国东部区域,对流层中低层的异常南风有利于水汽向中国东部地区输送,500hPa的高压异常抑制了对流的发展,而表面风速的减弱不利于近地面附近的雾霾向区域外输送,水平风垂直梯度的减小减弱了天气尺度扰动的发展和大气的垂直混合,对流层低层异常逆温层的存在使得大气近地层变得更加稳定．这些气象背景场为雾霾天气的维持和发展提供了有利的气象条件．对雾霾天气演变过程的分析表明,雾霾天气区域内的表面风速及其上空对流层中低层的水平风垂直切变对雾霾天气过程具有动力影响,二者偏小（大）时雾霾天气偏强（弱）;对流层中低层的层结不稳定性以及近地面层的逆温状况和温度露点差对雾霾天气的演变可以产生热力影响,层结不稳定性和逆温偏大（小）以及温度露点差偏小（大）时雾霾天气偏强（弱）．多元线性回归分析的结果表明,热力和动力因子对这次雾霾天气过程具有大致相同的作用,气象因子可以解释超过2／3的雾霾天气逐日变化的方差,方差贡献达到0．68．     

孟加拉湾西南季风与南海热带季风的气候特征比较

本文运用NCAR/NCEP再分析数据和APHRO_MA_V1003R1降水数据,对比分析了孟加拉湾西南季风和南海热带季风的气候特征异同以及对降水分布的影响,得到如下结论:(1)孟加拉湾西南季风比南海热带季风爆发更早、强度更强、持续时间更久、向北推进更北.(2)孟加拉湾西南季风建立过程缓慢,主要是索马里越赤道西南气流的逐渐加强和热带印度洋ITCZ(赤道辐合带)的逐渐北移;而南海热带季风建立过程迅速,主要是东亚大槽的一次替换过程伴随西太平洋副热带高压的突然东撤和热带西太平洋ITCZ的突然北跳.(3)孟加拉湾西南风纬向分量较强,季风建立前后主要变化在于偏西风的强度;而南海西南风经向分量较强,季风建立后风向突然逆转,东南风由于副高东撤而迅速被西南风取代.(4)孟加拉湾西南季风撤退较快,而南海季风则撤退较慢.(5)根据季风进程将夏季风期划分为季风发展期(5月)、强盛期(6-8月)和减退期(9-10月).其间对流活跃区的发展和推进、季风槽的位置以及对应降水区域均有明显差异.(6)在夏季风期,孟加拉湾和南海经度上分别存在着由ITCZ北抬引起的、在季风槽对流活跃区上升而在南北两侧下沉的、南北对称分布的季风经向次级环流.由于孟加拉湾和青藏高原强大热源的存在,孟加拉湾上升区南北跨度比南海的更大;孟加拉湾经圈环流更加稳定,而南海经圈环流的南北摆动更明显;孟加拉湾上升中心区比南海的偏北;在季风减退期,由于南海ITCZ撤退较慢,其上升区比孟加拉湾上升区偏北.     

一次切断低压诱发的暖区深对流与异常副热带锋及其平流层-对流层交换

采用Cloudsat/CPR云雷达,FY2C/TBB亮温,Aura/MLS大气成分等卫星遥感资料,结合ECMWF气象分析资料和HYSPLIT4轨迹模式,研究了2009年6月一次东亚切断低压的暖区深对流和异常副热带锋面的结构和演变.分析表明,由于低压切断前的旧槽背景,在低涡的近成熟期,内部冷、暖锋降水偏弱,边沿的高空副热带锋面异常发展到对流层底部,低空西南暖湿水汽在副热带锋前聚集,形成千公里长的暖区深对流降水带.随着该锋面的快速东移,副热带锋区进入原暖区雨带,锋区热力间接次级环流的强上升支,加强了锋下冷侧(原暖湿区)的深对流,但该锋面阻挡了来自暖侧的水汽补充,降水结束.该异常副热带锋区还发生了强烈的平流层-对流层相互交换,在高空急流出口区的下方,平流层1.5PVU等位涡线向下入侵可达5.5km(约500hPa)处,锋下向上的深对流注入可达10km,在入侵-注入混合区,臭氧和水汽的散点图上出现了二者浓度双高和双低的特殊气团.     

一次切断低压诱发的暖区深对流与异常副热带锋及其平流层-对流层交换

采用Cloudsat/CPR云雷达,FY2C/TBB亮温,Aura/MLS大气成分等卫星遥感资料,结合ECMWF气象分析资料和HYSPLIT4轨迹模式,研究了2009年6月一次东亚切断低压的暖区深对流和异常副热带锋面的结构和演变.分析表明,由于低压切断前的旧槽背景,在低涡的近成熟期,内部冷、暖锋降水偏弱,边沿的高空副热带锋面异常发展到对流层底部,低空西南暖湿水汽在副热带锋前聚集,形成千公里长的暖区深对流降水带.随着该锋面的快速东移,副热带锋区进入原暖区雨带,锋区热力间接次级环流的强上升支,加强了锋下冷侧（原暖湿区）的深对流,但该锋面阻挡了来自暖侧的水汽补充,降水结束.该异常副热带锋区还发生了强烈的平流层-对流层相互交换,在高空急流出口区的下方,平流层1.5PVU等位涡线向下入侵可达5.5 km（约500 hPa）处,锋下向上的深对流注入可达10 km,在入侵-注入混合区,臭氧和水汽的散点图上出现了二者浓度双高和双低的特殊气团.     

Roles of forced and inertially unstable convection development in the onset process of Indian summer monsoon

The NCEP/NCAR R1 reanalysis data are employed to investigate the impact of forced and inertial instability in the lower troposphere over the Arabian Sea on the onset process of Indian summer monsoon(ISM),and to reveal the important role of zonal advection of zonal geostrophic momentum played in the forced unstable convection.Results show that during the ISM onset the zero absolute vorticity contour(??=0)shifts northward due to the strong cross-equatorial pressure gradient in the lower troposphere over southern Arabian Sea.Thus a region with negative absolute vorticity is generated near the equator in the northern hemisphere,manifesting the evident free inertial instability.When a southerly passes through this region,under the influence of friction a lower convergence that facilitates the convection flourishing at the lower latitudes appears to the north of zero absolute vorticity contour.However,owing to such a traditional inertial instability,the convection is confined near the equator which does not have direct influence on the ISM onset.On the contrary in the region to the north of the zero absolute vorticity contour and to the south of the low pressure center near the surface,although the atmosphere there is inertially stable,the lower westerly jet can develop and bring on the apparent zonal advection of zonal geostrophic momentum.Both theoretical study and diagnosing analysis present that such a zonal advection of geostrophic momentum is closely associated with the zonal asymmetric distribution of meridional land-sea thermal contrast,which induces a convergence center near and further north of the westerly jet in the lower troposphere over the southwestern coast of the Indian Peninsula,providing a favorable lower circulation for the ISM onset.It illustrates that the development of convection over the Arabian Sea in late spring and early summer is not only due to the frictional inertial instability but also strongly affected by the zonal asymmetric distribution of land-sea thermal contrast.Moreover,before the ISM onset due to the eastward development of the South Asian High(SAH)in the upper troposphere,high potential vorticity is transported to the region over the Arabian Sea.Then a local trumpet-shaped stream field is generated to cause the evident upper divergence-pumping effect which favors the ISM onset.When the upper divergence is vertically coupled with the lower convergence resulted from the aforementioned forced unstable convection development near the southwestern coast of Indian Peninsula,the atmospheric baroclinic unstable development is stimulated and the ISM onset is triggered.     

Numerical Simulation of Andhra Severe Cyclone (2003): Model Sensitivity to the Boundary Layer and Convection Parameterization

The Andhra severe cyclonic storm (2003) is simulated to study its evolution, structure, intensity and movement using the Penn State/NCAR non-hydrostatic mesoscale atmospheric model MM5. The model is used with three interactive nested domains at 81, 27 and 9 km resolutions covering the Bay of Bengal and adjoining Indian Peninsula. The performance of the Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) and convective parameterization on the simulated features of the cyclone is studied by conducting sensitivity experiments. Results indicate that while the boundary layer processes play a significant role in determining both the intensity and movement, the convective processes especially control the movement of the model storm. The Mellor-Yamada scheme is found to yield the most intensive cyclone. While the combination of Mellor-Yamada (MY) PBL and Kain-Fritsch 2 (KF2) convection schemes gives the most intensive storm, the MRF PBL with KF2 convection scheme produces the best simulation in terms of intensity and track. Results of the simulation with the combination of MRF scheme for PBL and KF2 for convection show the evolution and major features of a mature tropical storm. The model has very nearly simulated the intensity of the storm though slightly overpredicted. Simulated core vertical temperature structure, winds at different heights, vertical winds in and around the core, vorticity and divergence fields at the lower and upper levels—all support the characteristics of a mature storm. The model storm has moved towards the west of the observed track during the development phase although the location of the storm in the initial and final phases agreed with the observations. The simulated rainfall distribution associated with the storm agreed reasonably with observations.     

Characteristics and mechanism of vertical coupling in the genesis of tropical cyclone Durian(2001)

The vertical coupling(VC)process and mechanism during the genesis of a tropical cyclone(TC)implied by the weak vertical shear of horizontal wind,one of the key factors impacting TC genesis,constitute important but unanswered fundamental scientific problems.This paper carried out a targeted investigation of this problem through numerical simulation and theoretical analyses.The main conclusions are as follows.Even if TC genesis occurs in a barotropic environment,a VC process still occurs between the trough(vortex)at the middle level and that at the lower level in the TC embryo area.VC mainly occurs at the tropical disturbance(TDS)stage.Only after the VC is accomplished can the tropical depression(TD)organize further by itself and develop into the tropical storm(TS)stage or the stronger tropical typhoon(TY)stage through the WISHE(wind-induced surface heat exchange)mechanism.In the VC process,vortical hot towers(VHTs)play vertical connecting roles and are the actual practitioners of the VC.Through the VHTs’vertical connections,the middle-and lower-troposphere trough axes move towards each other and realize the VC.VHTs can produce intensive cyclonic vorticity in the lower troposphere,which is mainly contributed by the stretching term.The tilting term can produce a single dipole or double dipole of vorticity,but the positive and negative vorticity pairs offset each other roughly.While the stretching term ensures that the cyclonic rotations of the wind field in the middle and lower levels tend to be consistent,the tilting term acts to uniformly distribute the horizontal wind in the vertical direction,and both terms facilitate the VC of the wind field.With the latent heat of condensation,VHTs heat the upper and middle troposphere so that the 352 K equivalent potential temperature contour penetrates vertically into the 925–300 hPa layer,realizing the VC of the temperature field.While forming cloud towers,VHTs make the ambient air become moist and nearly saturated so that the 95%relative humidity contour penetrates vertically into the 925–400 hPa layer,realizing the VC of the humidity field.Due to the collective contributions of the VHTs,the embryo area develops into a warm,nearly saturated core with strong cyclonic vorticity.The barotropic instability mechanism may also occur during TC genesis over the Northwest Pacific and provide rich large-scale environmental vorticity for TC genesis.The axisymmetric distribution of VHTs is an important sign of TC genesis.When a TC is about to form,there may be accompanying phenomena between the axisymmetric process of VHTs and vortex Rossby waves.     

Observed impact of mesoscale circulation on oceanic response to Typhoon Man-Yi (2007)

The oceanic response to a typhoon, where mesoscale ocean circulations co-exist, was investigated by analyzing the independent observations of profiling floats data at three different locations, satellite altimetry data near the eye of Typhoon Man-Yi (2007) before and after its passage, and synthetic aperture radar data taken during the typhoon’s passage. In spite of the nearly symmetric wind pattern around the eye, the distribution of mesoscale eddies had a major impact on the surface currents and mixed layer (ML) depths. As a result, the entrainment of the water below the ML into the ML was affected by the mesoscale circulation and became asymmetric, which accounted for most of the changes observed in the temperature profiles. Changes in the isotherms were driven primarily by the westward propagation of the mesoscale pattern rather than by the typhoon-induced shoaling. The typhoon-induced shoaling could have played a significant role in the generation of high-frequency (e.g., near-inertial) oscillations and/or sub-mesoscale structures. Although a similar or even greater energy flux was observed at the surface, the entrainment within the anticyclonic circulation was weaker than that within the cyclonic circulation and at the edge of the anticyclonic circulation because of the thick pre-existing ML. A strong ocean response to Typhoon Man-Yi (2007) within a cyclonic circulation or at the edge of an anticyclonic circulation, rather than within an anticyclonic eddy, has implications for the role of mesoscale ocean circulations in better understanding and forecasting the typhoon intensity.     

An overview of a heavy rain event in southeastern Iberia: the role of large-scale meteorological conditions

The heavy rain event of 30 January to 4 February 1993 in the Segura Basin in SE Iberia is investigated. The study emphasizes the atmospheric processes that led to thunderstorm development. The meteorological scenario has been separated into preconvective and convective periods and into large-scale and subsynoptic settings. The warm, moist air now from the Mediterranean Sea, channelled by a high-over-low blocking pattern with a cold front over southeastern Iberia appears to be the main reason that helped trigger a severe weather occurrence. The study of the mesoscale environment parameters showed an enhanced conditional unstability through a deep troposphere layer with a moderate to strong vertical wind shear that promoted conditions to allow organization of long-lived convective structures.     

Possible mechanism of the effect of convection over Asian-Australian “land bridge” on the East Asian summer monsoon onset

The Asian-Australian “land bridge” is an area with the most vigorous convection in Asian monsoon region in boreal spring, where the onset and march of convection are well associated with the onset of East Asian summer monsoon. The convection occurs over Indo-China Peninsula as early as mid-April, which exerts critical impact on the evolution of monsoon circulation. Before mid-April there are primarily sensible heatings to the atmosphere over Indo-China Peninsula and Indian Peninsula, so the apparent heating ratios over them decrease with height. However, after mid-April it changes into latent heating over Indo-China Peninsula due to the onset of convection, and the apparent heating ratio increases with height in mid-and lower troposphere. The vertical distribution of heating ratio and its differences between Indo-China Peninsula and Indian Peninsula are the key factors leading to the splitting of boreal subtropical high belt over the Bay of Bengal. Such mechanism is strongly supported by the fact that the evolution of the vertical heating ratio gradient above Indo-China Peninsula leads that of 850 hPa vorticity over the Bay of Bengal. Convections over Indo-China Peninsula and its surrounding areas further increase after the splitting. Since then, there is a positive feedback lying among the convective heating, the eastward retreat of the subtropical high and the march of monsoon, which is a possible mechanism of the advance of summer monsoon and convection from Indo-China Peninsula to South China Sea.     

非对称型强飓风中的准平衡流特征分析Ⅱ:波动结构

利用非对称波分量分解和小波分析的方法,对准平衡动力模型下非对称强飓风内中尺度波动的空间结构和时间序列特征进行分析.结果表明,平衡流场中1波扰动占主要地位且具有涡旋Rossby波的典型结构特征,准平衡流各波数下扰动的空间分布反映了中尺度波动的混合性质;模式大气和准平衡垂直运动的全局功率谱中,超过信度检验的强波动信号中不仅包含分别表征重力波和涡旋Rossby波的高频和低频波动信号,还存在表征具有物理性质不可分特性的混合涡旋Rossby-重力波的中频波动.混合波的出现建立了不同频段波动之间的能量交换通道,其信号的变化对飓风系统的强弱变化具有一定的指示作用.非平衡垂直运动的波动强信号则主要集中在高频和低频区域,反映了在飓风强度变化情况下,与高频重力波有关的快波调整过程所引起的垂直扰动的振荡和传播.强垂直风切变对飓风内中尺度波动的切向和径向传播具有重要影响,当环境垂直风切变很强时,准平衡1波扰动在径向和切向方向上均呈"驻波"形态,随着环境垂直风切变的减弱,1波扰动以混合波波速逆基本气流传播.     

Ocean response to typhoon Nuri (2008) in western Pacific and South China Sea

Typhoon Nuri formed on 18 August 2008 in the western North Pacific east of the Philippines and traversed northwestward over the Kuroshio in the Luzon Strait where it intensified to a category 3 typhoon. The storm weakened as it passed over South China Sea (SCS) and made landfall in Hong Kong as a category 1 typhoon on 22 August. Despite the storm’s modest strength, the change in typhoon Nuri’s intensity was unique in that it strongly depended on the upper ocean. This study examines the ocean response to typhoon Nuri using the Princeton Ocean Model. An ocean state accounting for the sea-surface temperature (SST) and mesoscale eddy field prior to Nuri was constructed by assimilating satellite SST and altimetry data 12 days before the storm. The simulation then continued without further data assimilation, so that the ocean response to the strong wind can be used to understand processes. It is found that the SST cooling was biased to the right of the storm’s track due to inertial currents that rotated in the same sense as the wind vector, as has previously been found in the literature. However, despite the comparable wind speeds while the storm was in western Pacific and SCS, the SST cooling was much more intense in SCS. The reason was because in SCS, the surface layer was thinner, the vorticity field of the Kuroshio was cyclonic, and moreover a combination of larger Coriolis frequency as the storm moved northward and the typhoon’s slower translational speed produced a stronger resonance between wind and current, resulting in strong shears and entrainment of cool subsurface waters in the upper ocean.     

海南岛海风雷暴结构的数值模拟

本文利用高分辨率WRF模式对2012年7月20日发生在海南地区的一次海风雷暴过程进行模拟,探讨了海南岛复杂地形下海风雷暴的结构、发展演变过程及其触发机制.结果表明,海南岛北部向内陆传播的海风与南部受地形阻挡的海风相遇后会形成海风辐合带,辐合带能影响当地的散度和涡旋特征,为雷暴的发生发展提供有利的动力和热力学条件.海南岛受热带海洋的影响较大,当地的水汽条件和对流潜势长期保持着有利于对流发展的状态,自由对流高度始终处于较低的位置,一旦海风辐合带来的抬升运动克服对流抑制到达自由对流高度后,对流就能自主地发展起来,所以单纯的海风辐合也常常能触发当地的强雷暴.雷暴发生发展过程中对流参数存在明显的变化,其演变曲线的突变位置对雷暴的发生有一定的指示作用.海南岛的海风雷暴过程与当地的复杂地形密切相关,地形的动力阻挡作用影响着低层海风的辐合以及对流的发展.