四川盆地下寒武统龙王庙组浅水碳酸盐岩台地沉积相特征及模式*

准确建立四川盆地龙王庙组沉积模式和精细刻画颗粒滩时空分布规律,是提高天然气勘探成功率的关键。依据野外露头、钻井、测井和地震等资料,综合分析四川盆地及周缘下寒武统龙王庙组沉积相类型及特征;以四级层序为单元,精细刻画等时地层格架内沉积相时空展布特征,建立沉积模式,揭示颗粒滩发育规律,指出下一步天然气勘探方向。结果表明: (1)四川盆地及周缘龙王庙组发育典型浅水碳酸盐岩镶边台地沉积体系,自盆地西缘向东依次发育混积潮坪、局限台地(颗粒滩、云坪和咸化潟湖等微相类型)、开阔台地(颗粒滩、灰坪等微相类型)、台地边缘和斜坡—盆地等沉积相类型;(2)建立了“一凹两隆,双滩成带”的沉积模式,颗粒滩的发育主要受控于古地貌和相对海平面升降,具体表现为垂向上主要发育于四级层序海退时期,平面上沿台地边缘带和围绕咸化潟湖的相对隆起区呈带状分布。由于颗粒滩是优质储集层发育的有利相带,因此该结果可为四川盆地寒武系龙王庙组下一步天然气勘探提供沉积地质基础。     

四川盆地下寒武统龙王庙组浅水碳酸盐岩台地沉积相特征及模式

准确建立四川盆地龙王庙组沉积模式和精细刻画颗粒滩时空分布规律,是提高天然气勘探成功率的关键。依据野外露头、钻井、测井和地震等资料,综合分析四川盆地及周缘下寒武统龙王庙组沉积相类型及特征;以四级层序为单元,精细刻画等时地层格架内沉积相时空展布特征,建立沉积模式,揭示颗粒滩发育规律,指出下一步天然气勘探方向。结果表明:(1)四川盆地及周缘龙王庙组发育典型浅水碳酸盐岩镶边台地沉积体系,自盆地西缘向东依次发育混积潮坪、局限台地(颗粒滩、云坪和咸化潟湖等微相类型)、开阔台地(颗粒滩、灰坪等微相类型)、台地边缘和斜坡—盆地等沉积相类型;(2)建立了"一凹两隆,双滩成带"的沉积模式,颗粒滩的发育主要受控于古地貌和相对海平面升降,具体表现为垂向上主要发育于四级层序海退时期,平面上沿台地边缘带和围绕咸化潟湖的相对隆起区呈带状分布。由于颗粒滩是优质储集层发育的有利相带,因此该结果可为四川盆地寒武系龙王庙组下一步天然气勘探提供沉积地质基础。     

中上扬子地区寒武纪第三世—芙蓉世古地理

中上扬子寒武纪第三世—芙蓉世台地相与滩相分布区是中上扬子地区重要的油气勘探目标区。利用野外露头资料、钻井资料和区域地质资料,识别出潮坪相、台地相、台地边缘相、浅海陆棚相和深水盆地相5种沉积相类型。在此基础上,编制了寒武纪第三世—芙蓉世古地理图,并探讨了储盖层的沉积地质条件。(1)第三世,发育大规模潟湖的局限台地广阔分布,西部为混积潮坪,台内及台缘发育滩相沉积。东南缘未形成完整的台缘带,湘西北一带为混积陆棚环境。东南缘向东,碳酸盐沉积物减少。(2)芙蓉世,随着海退的持续,隆起区扩大,深水盆地范围减小。中上扬子地区形成了镶边碳酸盐台地,浅滩沉积大量发育。(3)第三世—芙蓉世,以大套的厚层至块状的白云岩为主、分布广阔的局限台地与开阔台地,发育鲕粒及砂屑浅滩沉积的台地内部及边缘,均是有利的储集层沉积区。第三世广泛发育的潟湖沉积白云岩夹膏质白云岩、白云质膏岩、膏岩和粉砂岩,厚度较大,是中上扬子地区寒武纪重要的盖层沉积区。     

川西南犍为地区下三叠统嘉陵江组沉积相及其演化特征

以岩心精细描述、薄片鉴定和测井曲线分析为基础,通过对川西南犍为地区嘉陵江组的岩石类型组合、古生物化石、沉积结构、沉积构造和沉积序列等沉积相标志的详细研究,结合区域沉积背景,认为犍为地区嘉陵江组为半局限海-局限海台地沉积,进一步识别出混积潮坪、潮缘滩、半局限泻湖、局限泻湖和蒸发潮坪等5种沉积亚相类型;在此基础上,通过连井沉积相横剖面对比和重点层段沉积相平面分布特征的研究,揭示出嘉陵江组的沉积相演化规律由下至上从混积潮缘到潮下低能,再到潮上蒸发环境,构成一个完整的海进一海退发展旋回;其中的潮缘滩相颗粒岩和潮坪相云岩可成为有利的油气储集相带。     

川中磨溪—高石梯地区下寒武统龙王庙组层序格架内滩体的发育演化特征及对储层的控制

川中磨溪—高石梯地区龙王庙组可划分为两个三级层序。通过大量岩心、薄片以及测井资料综合分析,磨溪—高石梯地区龙王庙期整体属于局限台地沉积,可划分为台内滩、滩间洼地以及潟湖亚相。以台内滩颗粒含量、沉积构造以及单层滩体沉积厚度为基础,结合测井响应特征分析,将台内滩划分为滩核、滩翼以及白云岩坪等微相,并建立了台内滩的3种典型沉积序列:滩翼—滩核—白云岩坪、潟湖—滩间洼地—台内滩,以及滩间洼地—台内滩。层序格架内台内滩的纵横向发育特征表明:SQ_2时期较SQ_1时期更为发育,滩体单层厚度和总厚度均较大,层序界面附近的滩核—白云岩坪沉积序列上部为最有利的储层发育相带。     

川东及其周缘地区下寒武统龙王庙组沉积相

通过野外露头、钻测井、三维地震及区域地质调查等资料的综合研究发现,川东及其周缘地区下寒武统龙王庙组岩石类型以碳酸盐岩(粉晶白云岩、颗粒白云岩、泥晶灰岩和颗粒灰岩)为主,局部发育大套蒸发岩(膏岩和云质膏岩)及碳酸盐岩与碎屑岩的混合沉积;识别出局限台地相、开阔台地相、蒸发台地相和混积台地相4种沉积相类型,以局限台地相最为发育;川东及其周缘地区龙王庙组各沉积相带呈北东—南西向展布,混积台地相分布于研究区西北部,蒸发台地相集中发育在研究区西部华蓥山断裂东侧,局限台地相分布于混积台地相以东到盆地东边界以西的地区,开阔台地相分布于局限台地相以东到广海的部分地区。     

川东北地区嘉陵江组二段沉积相特征研究

对岩心、薄片和测井资料及川东北地区下三叠统嘉陵江组二段的岩石类型、古生物化石、沉积结构、沉积构造等沉积相标志的分析认为,嘉陵江组二段为局限台地相和蒸发台地相沉积环境,具有台坪相、潮坪相及粒屑滩等亚相特征.包含白云岩坪、石灰岩坪、云膏坪、膏云坪及砂屑滩等沉积微相.嘉陵江组二段由下至上经历了从潮上蒸发环境(蒸发潮坪)到潮下...     

中上扬子地台中寒武世古地理及白云岩成因

通过中上扬子地区寒武系野外露头实测、踏勘、前人研究成果整理以及盆地腹地露头缺乏地区的钻井资料的分析,研究了中上扬子地区中寒武世的古地理背景。白云岩的成因、平面上以及垂向上的分布特征都受控于古地理。中寒武统整个台地区为局限台地,在台地发育咸化澙湖、潮坪、局限潮下、浅滩等次一级的古地理单元。中寒武统的膏岩与白云岩不同程度互层。向台地内部,滩相发育愈少,咸化澙湖、潮坪以及局限潮下越发育;越往台地的边缘,滩相越发育。研究区中寒武统白云岩按照晶体大小可以分为泥粉晶白云岩和砂糖状白云岩。泥粉晶白云岩为潮坪准同生白云岩,机理为蒸发泵作用,白云化流体来自于澙湖浓缩的海水。砂糖状白云岩绝大多数为回流渗透白云化成因,白云化流体主要来自于蒸发泵机理富余的高镁钙比流体。回流渗透白云化过程缓慢,白云石结晶较好。寒武系岩性在垂向上有很好的叠置关系,反映古地貌随地质时代的变迁。     

四川盆地嘉陵江组层序-岩相古地理特征和储层预测

四川盆地下三叠统嘉陵江组发育有碳酸盐台地相沉积体系和碎屑岩—碳酸盐混积沉积体系以及混积潮坪、开阔台地、局限台地和蒸发台地等四种相类型。以沉积相和层序界面识别为依据,将四川盆地下三叠统嘉陵江组划分出3个三级层序和6个体系域,编制了四川盆地嘉陵江组各体系域的层序—岩相古地理图,对鲕滩和白云岩储层的分布规律进行了预测。研究表明四川盆地嘉陵江组自西向东相带分异明显,其中在海侵体系域以开阔台地相沉积为主,在盆地东部和中部一带发育有台地浅滩相储层;在高位体系域时期以局限—蒸发台地相沉积为主,在盆地北部和东北部发育有晶粒白云岩储层,据此指出了盆地有利含油远景勘探区带。     

川中—川南过渡带嘉陵江组二段沉积相及其展布特征

川中—川南过渡带下三叠统嘉陵江组划分为局限台地相、蒸发台地相、开阔台地相3个相,8个亚相(开阔潮下、台内滩、台内雏滩、局限潟湖、台内洼地、局限潮坪、蒸发潟湖、蒸发潮坪)和18个微相。区域上嘉陵江组二段纵、横向沉积相对比结果表明:嘉陵江组二段沉积相横向上较均一、相变化较小;沉积相垂向上变化在较大范围内具有同步性。嘉二段共分5个作图单元,采取单因素法和优势相法相结合,并融合了层序地层学研究成果,较精确地展示了嘉陵江组二段不同层段的沉积相展布和演化。相对海平面升降变化和碳酸盐台地内隆坳相间古微地貌共同控制着沉积相带展布和演化。嘉陵江组二段以局限台地相和蒸发台地相为主,储集体有利发育相带是台内雏滩亚相和局限潮坪亚相,台内雏滩发育于潮坪与潟湖的过渡区附近相对高能带,局限潮坪则分布广泛。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

Global repeating events in the history of the Earth and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy

Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated.     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

On the consistency of proposed models for the Pyrenees with the structure of the eastern parts of the belt

The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time.