西藏中冈底斯扎布耶茶卡北部晚侏罗世则弄群火山岩的锆石U-Pb年代学及其成因意义

冈底斯带晚中生代构造演化模式一直存在争议。此次研究了中冈底斯带扎布耶茶卡北部区域则弄群火山岩的野外特 征和锆石U-Pb年龄。锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,扎布耶茶卡北部则弄群火山岩主要喷发于154.2~142.1 Ma。研究首次获得 晚侏罗世的则弄群火山岩年龄为154 Ma,比前人提出的则弄群火山岩浆活动起始时间（130 Ma） 提前了24 Ma,据此将则 弄群的时代定为晚侏罗世至早白垩世。根据研究获得的最新年代学数据,结合冈底斯带火山岩的前人研究资料,显示冈底 斯带中生代弧火山岩具有从南向北逐渐年轻的趋势。因此,最早期南冈底斯弧中生代火山岩可能与新特提斯洋板片北向俯 冲有关,晚侏罗世至早白垩世的中冈底斯带弧火山岩受到了新特提斯洋板片北向俯冲和班公湖-怒江洋板片南向俯冲的双 重影响,早白垩世中期的北冈底斯带弧火山岩则与班公湖-怒江洋板片的南向俯冲密切相关。研究成果为冈底斯带晚中生 代构造演化模式提供了火山岩方面的新证据。     

西藏扎布耶茶卡北部早白垩世侵入岩锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及其地质意义

中冈底斯带在早白垩世发生的大规模岩浆爆发事件的成因模式仍然存在争议。对中冈底斯带扎布耶茶卡北部区域岩浆岩的野外特征、锆石U-Pb年龄、全岩地球化学特征进行研究,结果表明,扎布耶茶卡北部岩体主要侵位于142Ma和100Ma,2期岩浆作用均包含中酸性岩体和辉长岩脉体。第一期(约142Ma)岩体属I型偏铝质高钾钙碱性系列花岗质岩体,第二期(约100Ma)岩体为偏铝质高钾钙碱性系列闪长质岩体。2期中酸性岩体均富集Rb、Ba、Th、U等大离子亲石元素,相对亏损Nb、Ta等高场强元素,并显示强烈的壳-幔岩浆混合特征。结合前人研究资料,扎布耶茶卡北部第一期花岗质岩体及辉长岩脉为南向俯冲的班公湖-怒江洋壳板片回转引起的岩浆作用;第二期闪长质岩体及辉长岩脉为班公湖-怒江洋壳板片断离的岩浆作用的响应。该研究成果为班公湖-怒江洋的南向俯冲、板片回转和板片断离演化模式提供了岩浆作用证据。     

大兴安岭北部中生代火山岩特征及岩浆演化

据火山岩岩石组合、地球化学特征、喷发旋回特征及岩浆来源,将大兴安岭北部中生代火山岩划分为三个岩浆演化旋回。晚侏罗世塔木兰沟—吉祥峰旋回火山岩为碱性系列亚碱性系列,岩浆来源于上地幔并有陆壳物质的混染;早白垩世的上库力旋回火山岩为高钾钙碱性系列,岩浆来源于地壳的部分熔融;早白垩世伊列克得旋回火山岩为碱性到亚碱性过渡系列,岩浆来自于地幔并受地壳的混染。综合研究表明,大兴安岭北部中生代火山岩形成于板内环境,早白垩世火山岩可能形成于大陆裂谷环境。     

西藏冈底斯带那曲地区中生代火山岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄和地质意义

大规模的早白垩世火山岩呈孤岛状广泛展布于冈底斯北部地区。1: 25万区域地质调查在那曲地区圈定出晚白垩世、中-晚侏罗世火山岩。在充分研究前人资料的基础上, 对出露状况较好的那曲县城晚白垩世火山岩、哈尔麦中-晚侏罗世火山岩进行了野外调研, 它们均为安山质火山岩系, 均与一套黑色砂板岩呈角度不整合接触, 同时对其进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年, 便于进行区域对比。那曲地区的中生代火山岩多数锆石具有生长环带, 部分锆石显示核边结构。采自那曲东县城、哈尔麦的2件安山岩样品的年龄分别为116.3±1.4 Ma、111.37±0.73 Ma, 它们的形成时代基本一致, 应该为同一地质事件的产物。区域对比表明, 早白垩世火山作用是北冈底斯带最为强烈的一次火山活动, 其活动时间大致在110 Ma左右, 之后是早白垩世岛弧型深成中酸性侵入活动。冈底斯北带早白垩世火山作用究竟与狮泉河-嘉黎大洋俯冲有关, 还是与班公湖-怒江洋壳俯冲有关, 目前尚难定论。     

班公湖—怒江缝合带西段昂龙岗日地区沙木罗组火山岩的岩石大地构造学研究

班公湖—怒江缝合带作为青藏高原的主缝合带之一,其研究对班公湖—怒江特提斯洋的演化和造山带的研究具有重要意义。本文首次对该缝合带西段昂龙岗日地区沙木罗组火山岩进行系统的野外地质调查,并结合全岩地球化学分析,探讨火山岩的成因、构造环境及地球动力学背景。沙木罗组火山岩从底部至顶部共划分出3个火山喷发亚旋回,岩性为安山岩和安山质火山碎屑岩。地球化学分析表明3个亚旋回的火山岩均为钙碱性系列,LREE和不相容元素相对富集,而相对亏损HREE和Nb、P、Ti等高场强元素,具岛弧火山岩的地球化学特征。第一喷发亚旋回火山岩具典型的高镁安山岩特征,暗示是大洋板块俯冲作用的产物,从第一喷发亚旋回至第三喷发亚旋回构造环境由大洋岛弧过渡为大陆边缘弧,火山岩形成于大洋地壳向大陆地壳之下俯冲的背景,且洋壳初始俯冲的时间不晚于晚侏罗世末。岩浆起源于受俯冲板片流体交代的亏损地幔—弱富集地幔,来自俯冲板片的流体上升,引起上覆地幔楔物质发生部分熔融,形成幔源岩浆,在密度差的作用下幔源岩浆向上运移,底侵下地壳,引发下地壳物质发生部分熔融,并与之发生混合作用,形成了研究区火山岩的母岩浆,在岩浆源区或岩浆上升过程中遭受了地壳物质的混染作用,且岩浆演化以部分熔融作用为主,结合区域大地构造背景认为沙木罗组火山岩的形成与班公湖—怒江特提斯洋盆向北向羌塘地块之下俯冲关系密切,沙木罗组角度不整合覆盖在木嘎岗日岩群之上不能作为班公湖—怒江特提斯洋盘闭合的证据。     

藏北物玛错地区扎弄朗当日白垩纪复式岩体的地球化学特征及地质意义

扎弄朗当日复式岩体呈不规则状、近椭圆状侵位于早白垩世多尼组和去申拉组火山岩地层中。早白垩世闪长岩、二长闪长岩为钙碱性-高钾钙碱性准铝质岩,具有低K_2O、高CaO的特征;晚白垩世形成的石英闪长岩、石英二长岩为高钾钙碱性-钾玄岩、准铝质-过铝质岩,明显有K_2O升高、CaO降低的特点。复式岩体富集轻稀土和Rb、K等大离子亲石元素,强烈亏损Nb、Ta、P和Ti等高场强元素,从早白垩世以幔源成分为主向晚白垩世以壳源成分为主演化,形成于典型的活动大陆边缘环境,始于班公湖-怒江洋向南俯冲消减过程中,止于班公湖-怒江缝合带洋陆转换完成后的后碰撞伸展环境。     

西藏纳木错早白垩世流纹岩锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学及其构造意义

西藏纳木错流纹岩构造上处于北冈底斯南缘,地层角度不整合于中—晚侏罗世拉贡塘组之上,归属于卧荣沟组。其中流纹岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为120~112 Ma,时代为早白垩世中期。岩石具高Si O2、富Al2O3和K2O,贫Ti O2、MgO、Ca O特征,A/CNK=0.94~1.91(平均1.16),属于高钾钙碱性-钾玄岩系列过铝质岩石。(La/Yb)N为1.49~11.08,δEu=0.12~0.55,球粒陨石标准化稀土元素分布模式显示为略右倾V字形。大离子亲石元素及高场强元素Rb、K、Th、Ta、Ce、Zr、Hf相对富集,Nb相对亏损,Ba、Sr、P、Ti强烈亏损,成岩岩浆源自地壳,可以与多尼组酸性火山岩对比。流纹岩具同碰撞型火山特征,不具传统岛弧环境特征,研究认为在早白垩世中期(120 Ma左右),北冈底斯发生了一次重大的构造事件,即班公湖—怒江新特提斯洋俯冲已经结束,冈底斯带与羌塘地块陆-陆碰撞开始,碰撞过程中下地壳增厚并部分发生熔融,纳木错流纹岩是碰撞后部分熔融的产物。     

中部拉萨地体南侧吉瓦地区早白垩世则弄群火山岩的发现及意义

西藏尼玛县吉瓦地区措勤-多瓦后陆拗陷带内分布的火山岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为120.3~126.5Ma左右,重新厘定为早白垩世则弄群,否定了前人归属为上新世乌郁群(N2wy)及始新世帕那组(E2p)的认识。岩石以酸性火山岩为主,中基性火山岩为辅,酸性岩类主要为火山碎屑岩类和熔岩类,典型岩石类型为流纹质熔结凝灰岩和流纹岩等,中基性岩主要为玄武安山岩,安山玄武岩等,杏仁构造普遍发育。研究区大量的流纹质熔结凝灰岩的出现反映了吉瓦地区的火山岩主要为陆相火山喷发形成。地球化学特征显示轻稀土富集,负Eu异常明显,富集K、Rb、Th、U等大离子亲石元素,相对亏损Nb、Ta、P、Ti等高场强元素。酸性火山岩具有A型花岗质岩浆岩特征,基性岩具有板内玄武岩亲缘性,这一特征可能与班公湖-怒江洋壳岩石圈南向俯冲过程中发生的板片断离有关。中部拉萨地体南侧早白垩世火山岩的发现,使班公湖-怒江洋壳南向俯冲在晚侏罗世-早白垩世的岩浆活动在原来的基础上向南延伸70~80km,火山岩地层时代的重新归位对研究冈底斯带早白垩世地球动力学背景及建立地质年代学格架提供了新的约束资料,具有重要的科学意义。吉瓦地区早白垩世则弄群火山岩可能受到了班公湖-怒江特提斯洋壳向南、雅鲁藏布江洋壳向北的双向俯冲制约。     

班公湖-怒江结合带西段中特提斯多岛弧构造演化

本文根据1∶25万地质填图成果,将班公湖-怒江结合带西段弧-盆系时空结构自北向南划分为五峰尖-拉热拉新晚侏罗世—早白垩世陆缘火山-岩浆弧带、班公湖蛇绿混杂岩北、南亚带和昂龙岗日-班戈白垩纪—始新世岩浆弧带等,初步认为中特提斯洋经历了三叠纪—早侏罗世扩张,中—晚侏罗世往北、南双向俯冲,晚三叠世—早白垩世残余洋(海)盆和早—晚白垩世陆-弧(陆)碰撞等演化阶段。     

中国东北地区中生代构造体制的转变:来自火山岩时空分布与岩石组合的制约

东北地区中生代经历了蒙古-鄂霍茨克构造体系向太平洋构造体系的转换,形成了不同期次火山活动。本文归纳总结了露头区与覆盖区中生代火山岩的年代学、空间分布、岩石组合以及地球化学特征,揭示了两个构造域的时空分布范围。该区火山岩锆石U-Pb年龄统计结果表明中生代存在五期火山活动:早-中侏罗世(190~160Ma)、晚侏罗世(160~145Ma)、早白垩世早期(145~120Ma)、早白垩世晚期(120~100Ma)、晚白垩世早期(100~90Ma)。早-中侏罗世火山岩分布较少,火山岩仅分布在大兴安岭西部满洲里地区和东部张广才岭以及南侧辽宁北票-朝阳地区,火山岩属于高钾钙碱性系列,为蒙古-鄂霍茨克海闭合和法拉隆板块双俯冲作用的产物。晚侏罗世东北地区火山活动明显增强,主要分布在大兴安岭地区,张广才岭以及小兴安岭也有少量分布。西部大兴安岭地区以粗面安山岩、粗面岩为主,属于同碰撞造山成因,为蒙古-鄂霍茨克海闭合造山环境产物。东部以中酸性、酸性岩为主,为法拉隆板块背离欧亚大陆,岩石圈伸展引起的壳源物质熔融产物。早白垩世早期火山活动最为强烈,火山岩主要分布在大兴安岭地区。岩性以高钾钙碱性系列的粗面玄武安山岩、粗面安山岩、安山岩、粗面岩为主,为蒙古-鄂霍茨克海闭合造山后伸展环境产物。早白垩世晚期火山岩主要分布在松辽盆地内部。火山岩以中酸性岩为主,属于中钾-高钾钙碱性系列,为伊泽奈崎板块俯冲引起的弧后拉张,软流圈上涌导致年轻地壳熔融的产物。晚白垩世早期火山岩仅分布在小兴安岭及吉林、黑龙江省东部地区。火山岩为一套玄武岩、玄武安山岩、安山岩和英安岩组合,属于中钾钙碱性系列,是伊泽奈崎-库拉板块高角度俯冲的大陆边缘岩浆活动产物。东北地区中生代不同期次火山岩记录了蒙古-鄂霍茨克构造域向太平洋构造域转换过程及其时空影响范围。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

NONMETALS DEPOSITS

正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.)     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology,     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.)     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se-     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with