新疆地震目录及其有关问题浅析

地震目录是地震学中最基础的资料,具有丰富的地震信息,它不仅被用于地球内部构造和地震地质的研究,在地震活动性研究、地震预报研究、地震危险性分析和震害损失预测研究中也被广泛使用。同时地震目录还是编制地震烈度区划图的主要信息源及国民经济建设和国土开发的重要基础资料。因此,编制地震目录受到地震科技工作者的高度重视。　１　新疆地震目录点析新疆是我国多震省区,地震强度大,频度高,地震信息丰富。自１９７０年新疆组建地震机构以来,在地震目录的编制上投入了大量的人力和物力,先后编撰出版了下列地震目录。（１）《地震…     

余震对地震危险性评估的影响：以北安纳托利亚断裂带为例

为了调查研究余震对地震危险性评估的影响,根据主震目录和原始地震目录用最大似然方法估计了北安纳托利亚断裂带（ＮＡＦＺ）的地震危险性参数（λｍ、ｂ和Ｍｍａｘ）。主震目录是使用窗口方法朋原始地震目录中去除余震编制的,原始地震目录是由１９００￣、９９２年仪器检测地震和１０００￣１９００年发生的历史地质组成的。对于主震目录的事件而言,泊松过程是适用的,而对于原始地震目录则不适用。本文论证了使用主震目录和原始     

《中国近代地震目录（公元1912～1990年,Ms≥4.7）》简介

《中国近代地震目录（公元１９１２～１９９０年,ＭＳ≥４７）》是国家地震局科技发展司在“八五”期间组织编辑的两册新版中国地震目录中的第二册。本册目录对本世纪初以来中国地震目录做了较为系统、完整、详细的清理和总结,是现有目录的更新版本。本文简要介绍了本目录编制的原则、方法和内容。针对１９８３年版目录,新编目录修改和删除了１６９次地震条目;新增９６０次地震条目;新增等震线图１６６幅。新目录共编入ＭＳ≥４７的地震４２８９次,等震线图３２８幅。     

根据西德戈丁根地震台仪器记录编制的中国地震目录——对中国地震目录中1903年以来M7地震参数的核对day

本文根据西德戈丁根(Goettingen)台自1903年装置维肖尔式地震仪以来,连续观测的八十余年记录,选编了中国及其邻区的地震目录。另一方面又根据中国自己编制的中国地震目录已有的几种版本中,汇编了一份1903——1985年M7.0地震最新公布的数据的目录。本文对这两套目录所提供的地震次数及其参数,作了初步对比。为研究中国仪器记录地震所测参数的时间连贯性提供了一个重要机会。本文同时还列出了上述各个中国地震在目前世界上最主要的十四种地震目录中所给出的参数。这使我们能在纵(1903——1985年同一仪器的连续记录中),横(戈丁根台目录、中国目录以及世界主要的十四种目录)两方面来研究中国地震。      

辽宁数字化地震目录编辑

本文简述了基于MS Office套件的Excel和Word编制辽宁省地震目录编辑软件的过程,简介了辽宁省编辑地震目录软件的使用方法。该软件建立了通用的目录、报告数据库,定义出既完备又有利于检索和程序处理的库结构;编制了若干格式转换程序和自动入库程序。使多个来源于不同格式的数据,能自动合并到目录、报告数据库中;编制了基于通用目录、报告数据库的打印程序;编制了转换程序,在windows环境下实现上报国家地震局格式和适合辽宁地震预报使用需要的格式。     

广东新地震参数目录的编制

数字地震台网除了能产出传统地震三要素外,还具备产出更多与震源和介质相关的参数的能力,如:品质因子Q、地震矩、应力降和震源半径等。这些参数的测定丰富了台网产出,提高了台网监测效能。本文回顾了在广东地震台网开展新地震参数目录编制的过程,对"九五"台网系统和"十五"台网系统得到的结果进行了对比,通过在JOPENS/MSDP台网数据处理软件中外挂震源参数模块,使新地震参数目录的产出实用化。讨论了求解新地震参数目录的一些注意问题。     

基于Web页面实现对新疆地震目录的检索

在收集、整理1970年及以后新疆地震目录的基础上。建立地震数据库Web—data。采用ASP语言和SQL Server数据库系统提供的编程接口与资源。在NT平台上编制与用户交互、界面友好的程序，实现在客户端通过网页对新疆地震目录的访问。     

渤海、黄海及附近地区地震趋势分析

1999年11月29日的岫岩5.4级地震,发生在一直被列为年度重点地震危险区的北侧,此次地震是1979年以来该区发生的最大、具有前震性质的震群型地震。5.4级地震的发生,是该区地震危险程度的缓解,还是标志着地震危险性继续增强,或者说是标志着该区地震活动将进入一个新的阶段?本文选取渤海、北黄海及附近地区(36°～41°N,119°～124.5°E)为研究区,以中国地震局分析预报中心编制的中国地震目录和日报目录以历史地震目录为基础资料(中国地震简目汇编组,1988),对上述几个问题进行研究。1　与渤海、黄海及附近地区地震趋势关系1.1　历史地震活动时…     

地震活动性增强度增强图象在中期预报中的应用

根据朱岳清等提出的地震活动性增强度的计算方法及增强图象的编制方法,应用鄂西北及邻区1983年9月以来的地震目录编制了该区1988、1989年度地震活动性增强图,得出了该区的明显增强区,经检验认为其预报效果较好。     

中国地震目录间的对比及标准化

本文简述了国内两种主要地震目录, 即破坏性地震目录(M_S≥4.7)与中国地震详目(M_L≥1.0)的编制依据、 目录内容, 并指出了目录间的差异。 研究了面波震级(M_S)与近震震级(M_L)间的转换关系, 并推荐了新的转换公式。 最后提出了目录编制标准化的建议。     

On the synchronism in the events within the core and on the surface of the earth: the changes in the organic world and in the polarity of the geomagnetic field in the phanerozoic

The data on geomagnetic reversals are compared with the changes in the organic world and with the lower-mantle plumes. The times of the formation of plumes and the times of their appearance on the Earth’s surface relate to the intervals characterized by the different frequencies of geomagnetic reversals, i.e., there is no interrelation between the formation of plumes and the frequency of the changes in the geomagnetic field polarity. At the same time, a certain synchronism is observed between the frequency of the geomagnetic reversals and the boundaries of the biostratigraphic ages, i.e., the changes in the organic world in the long-period range. A hypothesis is proposed, which explains the change in the sign of the geomagnetic field by the combined effect of the irregular rotation of the internal core relative to the mantle and the changes in the slope angle of the axis of the Earth’s rotation, which, in turn, results in synchronous events on the Earth’s surface: the rates of changes in the organic world.     

On the maintenance of the axisymmetric part of the flow in the atmosphere

Summary The maintenance of the axisymmetric component of the flow in the atmosphere is investigated by means of a steady-state, quasi-geostrophic formulation of the meteorological equations. It is shown that the meridional variations in the time-averaged axisymmetric variables can be expressed as the sum of three contributions, one being due to the eddy heat transport, another to the eddy momentum transport, and a third to the convective-radiative equilibrium temperature which enters the problem through the specification of a Newtonian form of diabatic heating. The contributions by the large scale eddies are evaluated through the use of observed values for the eddy heat and momentum transports.The contributions from each of the three forcing mechanisms to the temperature and zonal wind fields are invstigated individually and found to be of about equal importance. The sum of the three contributions are also presented for the temperature, the zonal wind, the stream function associated with the mean meridional circulation and the corresponding vertical motion. Although the results fail to reproduce the main observed features of the lower stratosphere, they are found to be in good agreement with observations in the middle latitude troposphere. At any pressure level, for example, the computed mean zonal wind has a jet-like profile and the axis of the jet is found to slope to the south with height, as observed in the atmosphere.Based in part on a thesis submitted by the first author as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree at the University of Michigan. — Publication No. 194 from the Department of Meteorology and Oceanography, The University of Michigan.     

太平洋中部地磁台11年周期变化的研究

综合APIA、HONOLULU、PAMATAI 3个地磁台三分量的11年周期变化的形态后,可定性地提出该变化源于内场。如内源为核幔边界的电涡流,则其中心点应位于3台之间。     

Comparison Between the Nutations of the Planet Mars and the Nutations of the Earth

The nutations of the planets Mars andEarth are investigated and compared. Alarge number of interior structureparameters are involved in the nutationcomputations. The comparison between the observations and the computationsprovides several constraints on these parmeters andtherefore allows a better understanding of the physics of the interior of theplanet. For the Earth, the high precision of the observations of the nutationshas led to a very good determination of interior properties of the planet. ForMars, observations of nutations are not yet available, and we review how theamplitude of the Martian nutations depends on the hypotheses consideredfor its interior. Although Mars is very similar to the Earth, its interior is not well known;for example, we don't knowif its core is liquid or solid. Only if the core is liquid,the Free Core Nutation (FCN) normal mode exists and can alter the nutationswhich are close to the resonance. From the observed geoids, it is known thatboth planets are not in hydrostatic equilibrium. The departure is larger forMars than for the Earth, and consequently, the implication of considering a convective mantle instead of a mantle in hydrostatic equilibrium described byClairaut's equation for the initial equilibrium state of the planet is largeron the Martian nutations than on the Earth nutations. The consequences of theuncertainty in the core dimensions are also examined and shown to be of a veryhigh influence for Mars if the core is liquid, due to the potential changes inthe FCN resonance. The influence of the presence of an inner core, which isknown to exist for the Earth, could be more important for Mars than for theEarth if the inner core is large. Due to the presence of Tharsis on Mars, thetriaxiality of this planet has, additionally, larger effects than on Earth.     

Magnetic stratigraphy of the Ordovician in the lower reach of the Kotuy River: the age of the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum and the rate of geomagnetic reversals on the eve of the superchron

Until recently, the existing data prevented the geophysicists from accurately dating the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, which outcrops in the middle reach of the Kotuy River, constraining the time of its formation to a wide interval from the end of the Late Cambrian to the beginning of the Silurian. The obtained paleomagnetic data unambiguously correlate the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum to the Nyaian regional stage and constrain its formation, at least a considerable part of it, by the Tremadocian. This result perfectly agrees with the data on the Bysy-Yuryakh conodonts studied in this work and yields a spectacular example of the successful application of paleomagnetic studies in solving important tasks of stratigraphy and, correspondingly, petroleum geology. Within the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, we revealed a large normal-polarity interval corresponding to the long (>1 Ma) period when the geomagnetic reversals were absent. This result, in combination with the data for the Tremadocian and Middle–Upper Cambrian sequences of the other regions, indicates that (1) the rate of occurrence of the geomagnetic reversals on the eve of the Ordovician Moyero superchron of reversed polarity was at most one reversal per Ma; (2) the superchron does not switch on instantaneously but is preceded by a certain gradual change in the operation conditions of the dynamo mechanism which, inter alia, manifests itself by the reduction of the frequency of geomagnetic reversals with the approach of the superchron. This finding supports the views according to which a process preparing the establishment of the superchrons takes place at the core–mantle boundary.     

On the gravimetric undulations of the geoid and the deflections of the vertical

Summary The author mentions the aims of the World-wide gravity project he established in the Ohio State University in Columbus, in 1950. He outlines the practical procedure of the gravimetric computations of the undulationsN and the vertical deflection components and and emphasizes that only by the global international cooperation and additional gravity observations at sea carried out during the last decade it has been possible to gather to Columbus the needed gravity material. Since there exist still large gravimetrically unsurveyed areas it is of vital significance to study what gravity anomalies are best to be used for these regions. The given figures concerning the accuracy of theN, and , estimated theoretically and obtained in practice, indicate that in the gravimetrically well surveyed parts of the world like in Europe and the United States we can get gravimetrically on basis of existing gravity material theN-values with accuracy of about 5–10 meters, and and with the accuracy of about 1. The geoid undulationsN are already computed in Columbus for more than 6000 points of the northern hemisphere. The sample maps show the interesting geoid of Europe and vicinity between the latitudes 60° and 30° and longitude 5° W and 30° E, drafted on basis of more than 1000N-values computed at the corners of 1°×1° squares. It is interesting to realize that the geoid undulations in all this area are positive, the extreme values being between 40 and 50 meters. The geophysical significance of the geoid maps of this kind is pointed out.     

On the variation in the geomagnetic dipole over the geological history of the Earth

The global database on the paleointensity, containing determinations of the virtual dipole moment (VDM) for a stable (normal) regime of the geomagnetic field in a time interval of up to 3.5 Ga, is supplemented by new VDM determinations and analyzed. The field generation process started no later than 3–3.5 Ga (earlier data are absent) at the stage of the Earth’s core formation. Since that time, the dipole value has differed from its present value by no more than an order of magnitude, and the deviations that have already been detected tend toward smaller values. The distribution of VDM values in the time interval 0–400 Ma is bimodal, which apparently reflects the presence of two different generation levels of the geomagnetic field distinguished by a relatively large value (close to the present field value) and a relatively small value (approximately half as large as the present value). The total duration of decreased VDM values appreciably exceeds that of increased VDM values (179.1 and 28.6 Myr, respectively). On the whole, data on the paleointensity do not contradict the hypothesis about the dipole nature of the field over the last 400 Myr; however, the number of determinations at high paleolatitudes is too small to draw decisive conclusions on the validity (or invalidity) of the dipole field approximation based solely on paleointensity data.     

Macrobenthic communities of the Pechora Sea: the past and the present on the threshhold of the prirazlomnoye oil-field exploitation

On data of bottom sampling, carried out by means of grab, trawl and underwater photography in August–September of 1993 in the area of the Pechora Sea, quantitative regularities of macrobenthos distribution are described for the ecological monitoring purposes. Maps of -biodiversity and biomass indices, bottom communities and trophic zones, singled out by dominant method, are presented. Assessment of structure changes of the investigated area bottom communities during the last 60–70 years is fulfilled. It is shown that the described communities on the whole are of natural undisturbed character and that the revealed changes are within the natural fluctuations in the abundance of benthic populations or may be interpreted in terms of methodical differences in the data analysis and generalization by different authors.     

动水压力对深水桥墩地震响应影响的研究综述

地震激励下处于深水中的桥墩和周围水体的相互作用将对桥梁结构的动力响应产生较大影响。首先对地震作用下水-桥墩的相互作用理论做了概括,给出了动水压力对桥墩的作用效应及各自的适用范围;对主要的三种考虑流固耦合效应的分析方法做了对比,探讨了地震作用下影响水-结构相互作用的主要因素,并对今后的研究提出了建议。     

On the Mechanism of the Secular Tidal Acceleration of the Solid Inner Core and the Viscosity of the Liquid Core

As is known, the secular deceleration of the Earth's diurnal rotation is explained mainly by the tidal friction in the ocean. Below we consider this mechanism in some detail, taking into account also elastic deformations of the mantle under the action of ocean loading and the interaction between the tide-generating body, ocean tidal wave, liquid outer core, and solid inner core. It is shown that elastic displacements of the core-mantle boundary under the action of ocean loading are of about the same amplitude and phase as the elastic loading displacements of the Earth's outer surface. As a result, side by side with the mechanism of secular deceleration of diurnal rotation of the mantle, there are also (1) the opposite mechanism of secular acceleration of diurnal rotation of the outer liquid core and of the solid inner core and (2) the mechanism of excitation of differential rotation in the liquid core. Taking these effects into account, we compare theoretical and modern observed data on the eastward drift of the solid inner core. It is shown that the best agreement may be obtained if the turbulent viscosity of the liquid core is about 2 × 10 ³ Poise