含油气盆地二氧化碳成因研究

CO2地质问题是当今地球科学的前沿和热点问题。含油气盆地CO2的成因至少包括:①未脱气地幔岩浆脱气作用;②地壳岩石熔融脱气作用;③海相碳酸盐岩热分解作用;④碳酸盐胶结物热分解作用;⑤有机成因的CO2。这些不同来源的CO2各有其地球化学特征。近年来大量地球科学研究发现,全球含油气盆地已发现的高含CO2气藏中CO2主要是由未脱气地幔的脱气作用贡献的。这种成因CO2具有典型-4‰(PDB)的碳同位素组成特征。未脱气地幔在地球演化过程中几乎没有进行过脱气或组分分异,它保持着原始地幔的富气特征,其含气丰度约是脱气地幔含气丰度的99倍。因此,未脱气的幔源岩浆脱气作用成为含油气盆地CO2的最主要来源。     

西藏多不杂铜矿床成矿流体来源探讨:来自氦氩碳氢氧同位素的证据

近年来西藏地质找矿工作取得了重大突破,多不杂铜矿床的发现使得多龙矿集区在地质界里家喻户晓。前人对该矿床的成矿流体做了大量的研究工作,但在成矿流体来源认识上存在着三种不同的看法,这也从侧面反映了多不杂铜矿床的成矿作用具有复杂性。稀有气体同位素长期以来多用于示踪陨石成因、大洋岩石圈地幔演化等方面的研究,成矿热液中的碳、氢、氧同位素组成及变化特征常用于分析流体性质及来源等。在此基础上,本次研究补充分析了成矿流体的氦氩同位素组成和碳氢氧同位素组成,指出了前人在多不杂铜矿床成因机制认识中存在的问题,解释了含矿母岩具有壳幔混染特征的原因,并认为该矿床的成矿流体主要来源于地幔,成矿动力主要来自深部地质过程,矿床的形成与地幔流体作用有关。     

松辽盆地徐家围子断陷无机成因天然气及其成藏模式

通过对徐家围子地区天然气组分、同位素资料以及气体包裹体资料的综合分析认为 ,该地区存在无机成因天然气。烃类气体中具有重碳同位素异常 ( >- 2 0‰ )和负碳同位素系列(δ13C1>δ13C2 >δ13C3)的同位素分布特征 ,表现出无机成因烃类气体的特点。高含量的无机CO2 气体和幔源氦的发现 ,指示着该区无机成因天然气主要来自于地球的深部。地幔热柱上升在地壳不同圈层中引起的岩浆火山活动是无机天然气的主要来源 ,而由此形成的地壳“网状”结构和基底大断裂是无机气上升运移至浅部聚集成藏的主要运移通道。构造活动间歇期和活动期分别以渗流方式和幕式涌流方式向上运移可能是深部流体运移的两种主要方式。古隆起带、岩浆侵入带以及基底大断裂带是无机成因天然气的有利聚集带。     

新疆北部准噶尔-东天山地区金矿床的硫铅碳同位素地球化学及对金成矿作用的指示

以位于西准噶尔的阔尔真阔腊、布尔克斯岱、哈图、包古图金矿；东准噶尔的科克萨依、野马泉金矿；东天山的康古尔，石英滩，红石金矿为研究重点，着重探讨了S、Pb、C同位素在本区特定构造地质条件下对金成矿作用的示踪。结果表明。主成矿期矿化剂元素硫来源于深部，有少量地壳物质混染，金属元素铅主要来源于地幔及下地壳，少量浅部铅混染。反映了本区金的来源以深源为主的特征，各类金矿矿化剂元素碳为无机碳与有机碳不同程度的混合，表明地层有机质不同程度地参与了金的运移与卸载成矿，这是本区金成矿的重要特色。本区年轻的基底、深大断裂、火山活动及地层中有机质的参与等地质条件成就了本区不同类型金矿床的成矿。     

包裹体地球化学在幔源无机成因天然气研究中的应用

<正>深部下地壳及地幔中的流体是无机成因天然气的巨大气源库体。地下深部的物质运动人们又不可能直接接触,但出露在地表的地幔岩是研究地幔演化的窗口。玄武岩中的包体更是典型的地幔岩石,包体中携带有大量的地幔物质信息,而其中的流体包裹体则是地幔演化中原始流体的代表,其中的气体同位素能有效地指示气体的源区及其地球化学特征,反映上地幔组成和演化,对深部无机成因气的气源示踪、形成条件和环境以及地幔脱气研究有着重要的意义。本文通过地幔岩包体中的流体包裹体分析了幔源流体及其气     

无机成因油气及其资源前景

地幔和地核中大量的碳和氢以及地幔深处的甲烷、二氧化碳等提供了无机成因气体的物质基础,近年来地球化学方法的应用给有机和无机成因天然气提供了可靠的判别依据,主要有⑴无机成因甲烷的δ1 3C1≥-30.0‰⑵无机成因烷烃气体具有负碳同位素系列,即δ1 3C1δ1 3C2δ1 3C3δ1 3C4⑶R/Ra0.5,δ1 3C1-δ1 3C20为无机成因烷烃气⑷CH4/3He≤106是无机成因烷烃气(甲烷)。这些判别指标的提出有效地指导了无机成因天然气的勘探实践。目前在我国东部已发现了35个无机成因的二氧化碳气藏,并首次发现无机成因烷烃气藏—昌德气藏,资源潜力巨大,因此应积极开展无机成因气的勘探和开发,使这一产量巨大的油气后备领域早日得到利用。     

金刚石矿物学、包裹体及碳稳定同位素研究综述

金刚石是地球上最坚硬、对形成环境要求最苛刻的矿物之一。金刚石的矿物学特征、包裹体特征及碳稳定同位素组成记录了金刚石生长、熔蚀、搬运等地质过程中的温度、压力及物质成分等信息,是探索金刚石物质来源、形成过程和地球深部物理化学环境的重要研究对象。总结了国内外金刚石矿物学特征、包裹体特征和碳稳定同位素组成的相关研究成果,发现金刚石晶形和组合及其颜色可大致区分金刚石来源; 金刚石表面特征是区分原生金刚石与砂矿金刚石的重要鉴别特征; 金刚石包裹体类型及组合、包裹体年代学及金刚石碳稳定同位素研究,可分析金刚石物质来源和地球深部物理化学环境,确定金刚石形成时代,为研究金刚石成因、地幔岩石圈深部作用过程以及壳幔相互作用提供重要依据。     

金刚石矿物学、包裹体及碳稳定同位素研究综述

金刚石是地球上最坚硬、对形成环境要求最苛刻的矿物之一。金刚石的矿物学特征、包裹体特征及碳稳定同位素组成记录了金刚石生长、熔蚀、搬运等地质过程中的温度、压力及物质成分等信息,是探索金刚石物质来源、形成过程和地球深部物理化学环境的重要研究对象。总结了国内外金刚石矿物学特征、包裹体特征和碳稳定同位素组成的相关研究成果,发现金刚石晶形和组合及其颜色可大致区分金刚石来源;金刚石表面特征是区分原生金刚石与砂矿金刚石的重要鉴别特征;金刚石包裹体类型及组合、包裹体年代学及金刚石碳稳定同位素研究,可分析金刚石物质来源和地球深部物理化学环境,确定金刚石形成时代,为研究金刚石成因、地幔岩石圈深部作用过程以及壳幔相互作用提供重要依据。     

金刚石矿物学、包裹体及碳稳定同位素研究综述

金刚石是地球上最坚硬、对形成环境要求最苛刻的矿物之一。金刚石的矿物学特征、包裹体特征及碳稳定同位素组成记录了金刚石生长、熔蚀、搬运等地质过程中的温度、压力及物质成分等信息,是探索金刚石物质来源、形成过程和地球深部物理化学环境的重要研究对象。总结了国内外金刚石矿物学特征、包裹体特征和碳稳定同位素组成的相关研究成果,发现金刚石晶形和组合及其颜色可大致区分金刚石来源; 金刚石表面特征是区分原生金刚石与砂矿金刚石的重要鉴别特征; 金刚石包裹体类型及组合、包裹体年代学及金刚石碳稳定同位素研究,可分析金刚石物质来源和地球深部物理化学环境,确定金刚石形成时代,为研究金刚石成因、地幔岩石圈深部作用过程以及壳幔相互作用提供重要依据。     

东海地球动力学环境与过程的同位素证据及盆地动力学模式

在东海地球动力学环境与过程研究现状分析基础上,讨论了采自盆地东西部油气钻井玄武岩样品的岩石化学、微量元素和同位素测试分析的成果,阐述了玄武岩岩石结构与岩石成分特征,计算岩浆起源深度与岩浆起源温度。通过岩浆源区地幔性质与深部过程分析,指出Sm-Nd、Pb-Pb、Nd-Pb同位素体系反映的深部地幔流体具有古生代向新生代转型的双重特征,与古生代地幔岩浆来源具有较明显亲和性,其中既有古老地幔物质存在,又有新生地幔物质参与,表明研究区地壳深部流体活动十分频繁。结合海洋一期"863"双船折射大剖面有关地质-地球物理解释成果的综合分析认识,提出了盆地地球动力学成因模式。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)