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《世界地震工程》2017,(1)
在台风"灿鸿"、"杜鹃"影响期间,对温州某矩形截面高层建筑进行了现场实测,得到其顶层的风速、风向及多个楼层的加速度响应数据。将加速度数据经EMD处理,应用ERA、ERA-NEx T及AR三种方法,对建筑结构的模态参数与气动阻尼动力特性进行了计算分析,结果表明:ERA、ERANEx T和AR这3种方法得出的频率值及振型都非常接近,频率差值不超过2%,即均可以用计算频率及分析判断振型;但振型阻尼比结果却不同,除一阶振型的比较接近外,其它各阶的数值都有一定程度偏差;在一定频率段的振型结构阻尼比拟合曲线中,柯西(Caughey)阻尼模型(b=2时)与Sergio Lagomarsino经验曲线最为接近;一阶振型气动阻尼比均为负值,且随着风速的增大,其值有减小的趋势,其中ERA、AR方法的斜率较为相似,而ERA-NEx T方法的下降速率较为平缓。 相似文献
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《地震工程与工程振动》2015,(3)
结构振动是多个振型参与的结果。在结构抗震设计及地震工程相关领域,结构模态数值的应用程度越来越高,其准确程度从根本上关系到结构设计和工程抗震的实现效果。为考察阻尼对实际结构模态测试结果的影响,设计了三层剪切型钢框架模型及可调硅油阻尼器。计算其理论模态,并通过三种常用的模态测试方法,对其在阻尼比由小到大逐渐增大的各种工况下的频率和振型进行测试。试验结果表明:阻尼比对结构模态测试结果确有影响,测试精度随着阻尼比的增大而降低,但在实际结构阻尼比量级时,常用测试方法得到的简单结构的模态结果精度可以满足工程计算需要;脉动法、初位移释放法和激振法的测试精度依次提高。 相似文献
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《世界地震工程》2015,(4)
提出了FM-EMD(调频EMD)方法,克服了原EMD方法在模态频率相近情况下的振型混淆问题。通过功能扩展,实现了"可选择性EMD分解":既可以对实测信号的某一频段进行针对性分解,也可根据信号的实际情况,选择从频谱高端或从频谱低端开始分解,以排除无效信号成分的干扰,并突出有效信号成分。所提方法具有很强的工程适应能力,适用于桥梁结构的运行模态辨识。通过对某120米跨径的钢管混凝土桁梁桥的运行模态实验,辨识得到了结构的频率、振型和阻尼比。通过与成熟辨识方法的比对,得出以下结论:该方法可以得到较高精度的频率值,较好形制的模态振型,但会低估模态阻尼值,频率辨识误差不超过1%,模态阻尼值低估不超过10%。 相似文献
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应县木塔环境振动试验 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5
对于复杂的塔状古建筑物,建立一个合适的简化的数学模型是不易实现的。与强迫振动试验相比,环境振动试验比较简单、方便,所确定出的小振幅水平下的木塔结构动力特性具有足够的精度。本文首先结合应县木塔结构环境振动测试实例对环境振动测试方法作了简要介绍,并采用随机信号数据频域分析方法对测试数据进行了分析,确定木塔结构的自振频率。同时,依据不同测点在固有频率处响应的比及零迟时互相关函数确定木塔结构的振型。最后,本文依据自功率谱和互功率谱采用半功率点法计算各振型的阻尼比。本文分析结果表明,在两水平方向上木塔的振动特性存在些微差异,第一振型阻尼比较第二振型阻尼比大。 相似文献
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为研究单围柱重檐攒尖木结构的动力特性及地震响应,以西安兴庆宫五龙坛木结构建筑为例,对其进行原位动力试验,采用峰值拾取法与随机子空间法,分析了结构的前6阶自振频率、空间振型及阻尼比。考虑单围柱、榫卯连接、斗栱铺作、抹角梁架空间构造的特征,建立了单围柱重檐攒尖木结构有限元分析模型,计算得到结构的前6阶频率、振型及五龙坛原位试验结果吻合较好。结果表明:单围柱重檐攒尖木结构一阶自振频率在1.924~1.975 Hz之间,二阶自振频率在2.146~2.15 Hz之间,一、二阶振型分别为南北平动与东西平动;三阶自振频率在2.775~2.841 Hz之间,振型为扭转振动。输入不同幅值的El Centro波、Taft波及兰州波地震激励,在罕遇地震作用下底层最大层间位移角为1/83,童柱层最大层间位移角为1/87。 相似文献
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M. N. French R. L. Bras W. F. Krajewski 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1992,6(1):27-45
A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities. 相似文献
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Gtz Schroth Luciana Ferreira Da Silva Marc‐Andree Wolf Wenceslau Geraldes Teixeira Wolfgang Zech 《水文研究》1999,13(10):1423-1436
The partitioning of rain water into throughfall, stemflow and interception loss when passing through plant canopies depends on properties of the respective plant species, such as leaf area and branch angles. In heterogeneous vegetation, such as tropical forest or polycultural systems, the presence of different plant species may consequently result in a mosaic of situations with respect to quantity and quality of water inputs into the soil. As these processes influence not only the water availability for the plants, but also water infiltration and nutrient leaching, the understanding of plant effects on the repartitioning of rain water may help in the optimization of land use systems and management practices. We measured throughfall and stemflow in a perennial polyculture (multi‐strata agroforestry), monocultures of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) for fruit and for palmito, a monoculture of cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum), spontaneous fallow and primary forest during one year in central Amazonia, Brazil. The effect on rain water partitioning was measured separately for four useful tree species in the polyculture and for two tree species in the primary forest. Throughfall at two stem distances, and stemflow, differed significantly between tree species, resulting in pronounced spatial patterns of water input into the soil in the polyculture system. For two tree species, peach palm for fruit (Bactris gasipaes) and Brazil nut trees (Bertholletia excelsa), the water input into the soil near the stem was significantly higher than the open‐area rainfall. This could lead to increased nutrient leaching when fertilizer is applied close to the stem of these trees. In the primary forest, such spatial patterns could also be detected, with significantly higher water input near a palm (Oenocarpus bacaba) than near a dicotyledonous tree species (Eschweilera sp.). Interception losses were 6·4% in the polyculture, 13·9 and 12·3% in the peach palm monocultures for fruit and for palmito, respectively, 0·5% in the cupuaçu monoculture and 3·1% in the fallow. With more than 20% of the open‐area rainfall, the highest stemflow contributions to the water input into the soil were measured in the palm monocultures and in the fallow. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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M. A. Kahn 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2000,28(2):95-101
Red tide, a recurrent phenomenon has become conspicuous in several Kashmir lake ecosystems since 1991. The responsible organism (Euglena pedunculata), a rare flagellate rediscovered in the Kashmir Himalaya (Khan 1993) caused first and unprecedented red tide outbreak, constituting a maximum of 96% of resident numerical phytoplankton density in Dal Lake. At present, conflicting hypotheses exist on the generation of causal assemblage(s) imparting redness to waters: Jeeji Bai (1991) linked its origin to acid precipitation – a fallout of burning oil‐fields during the Gulf War – whilst Khan (1993) holds local factor(s) responsible. Field/experimental studies support the latter contention that the influx of untreated sewage, in unison with warm temperatures, high levels of PhAR, iron and interruption to hydrological flow‐pattern together with absence/or reduction in grazing activity created conducive environmental milieu for red tide outbreak. Dal Lake “red tide” drifted the bloom‐inoculum to other waters, including Lake Wular, where additional ecological niches were carved out, threatening the aesthetic value and biological diversity of Kashmir lakes. Ecological monitoring indicates frequent seasonal red tide occurrence in Dal Lake (including summer‐autumn event of 1998) which testifies its unabated eutrophication status. Further studies are needed on ecological adaptability and biogeographic distribution of this rare and unique red tide‐causing flagellate. 相似文献
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