吗啉废水的生化处理工艺

以含有吗啉、甲基吗啉的高浓度有机废水为研究对象,提出了曝气吹脱-吸附-生物处理的联合工艺,并在室内进行了小试实验。结果表明：原废水经过2次曝气吹脱后,ρ(NH₃-N)从62 500 mg/L降为431 mg/L,ρ(COD)从50 840 mg/L降为26 051 mg/L。通过吸附实验,ρ(COD)从26 051 mg/L降为2 769 mg/L,ρ(NH₃-N)从412 mg/L降为134 mg/L。在生物处理室内小试实验中,采用了活性污泥反应器与曝气生物滤池相结合的处理工艺。在活性污泥反应系统中,当废水pH为7.5、ρ(DO)为4.3 mg/L、水力停留时间为30 h时,COD的去除率最高,可以达到83.1%。在曝气生物滤池中,当ρ(DO)为3.3 mg/L时,COD去除率最高,达到55.8%。在生物处理的最佳参数条件下进行连续监测,当进水ρ(COD)为2 769 mg/L、出水ρ(COD)平均值为387 mg/L时,COD去除率可达到85.9%。吗啉废水经过此联合工艺的处理,ρ(COD)从50 840 mg/L降为387 mg/L。     

活性污泥法处理中浓度味精废水的研究

采用活性污泥法处理人工味精废水。实验前污泥进行驯化培菌 ,在驯化所得污泥指标适宜情况下 ,再对废水处理。结果表明 ,在曝气时间 12h ,搅拌时间 15min ,温度 2 5℃ ,pH值为 7.0 ,污泥体积为 80 % ,污泥指数为 42 %的工艺条件下 ,此方法对生化处理浓度为 2 0 0 0～ 40 0 0mg·L- 1 的味精废水的主要污染指标CODCr和氨氮都具有较好的降解能力 ,能达到排放标准的要求     

壳聚糖对酸性篮黑B废水的处理研究

采用壳聚糖对酸性蓝黑B模拟废水进行处理,研究了溶液的酸度、吸附时间、溶液的初始浓度和溶液温度等对吸附效率的影响。结果表明,壳聚糖对酸性蓝黑B具有优良的吸附效果,在溶液初始浓度小于400 mg/L,pH=3.5~6,温度约为30~40℃,吸附处理30~40 m in,COD去除率可达90%以上。     

连续流态下好氧颗粒污泥的培养及处理制药废水的性能

在上流式好氧颗粒污泥床反应器中, 以厌氧颗粒污泥和好氧絮状活性污泥为接种泥, 采用人工配制的模拟废水, 成功培养出性能优异的好氧颗粒污泥.反应器内污泥浓度稳定在5g/L左右, 颗粒污泥粒径为0.5~2.0mm, 当进水COD为2000mg/L, 容积负荷为4.8kg/(m3·d)时, 系统对COD的去除率稳定在96%以上.通过扫描电镜观察, 好氧颗粒污泥是层状结构, 表面有大量丝状菌缠绕, 内部有短杆菌和空穴存在.逐步提高制药废水在进水中的比例, 经过47d的培养, 生物制药废水完全取代模拟废水, 系统对COD、NH₃-N、TP的去除率分别稳定在90%、90%和70%以上.      

连续流气提式流化床启动过程中好氧颗粒污泥的形成机制

探讨连续流气提式好氧颗粒污泥流化床(CAFB)反应器的运行特征,对该工艺颗粒污泥形成过程、形成机理和颗粒性质进行分析。以市政污泥为接种污泥,以醋酸钠为碳源,在连续运行方式下培养好氧颗粒污泥。研究结果表明：CAFB反应器启动的第4－5天即有大量颗粒污泥形成,颗粒直径800~1 000 μm,比重1.006,生物相丰富,能够分泌大量胞外聚合物。当COD有机负荷高达8 和13 kg/(m³·d)时,对COD处理效率均维持在93%~97%,COD出水质量浓度仅为30~80 mg/L,引起启动后期丝状菌的大量繁殖,污泥流失。进一步提高污泥负荷有望控制污泥膨胀。     

水力旋转填料生物接触氧化处理城市污水的研究

通过对中试规模的新型水力旋转填料生物接触氧化法处理城市污水的试验研究,利用新型填料的独特构型,增强反应器的传质性能,探讨了接触氧化池对COD、NH+4-N的去除,及水力停留时间、气水比、温度对处理效果的影响。试验结果表明在水力停留时间为2~2.5h,气水比为(7~8)∶1,进水COD、NH4+-N浓度分别为130.1~366.5mg/L、11.3~19.2mg/L的条件下,两者的平均去除率为75.9%、65.4%,出水COD、NH4+-N浓度均已达到国家二级排放标准;气水比和水力停留时间对接触氧化池处理效果的影响较为明显;低温下接触氧化池对有机物、氨氮的去除仍具有较好的效果。     

三相生物流化床处理啤酒废水

通过三相生物流化床处理啤酒废水的实验研究,探讨曝气量和水力停留时间对处理效果的影响,确定最佳曝气量为0.25 m³/h,最佳水力停留时间为1.5 h。在该实验条件下,COD_cr平均去除率在85％以上,生物浓度高达28.31 mg/L,生物膜活性强,同时反应器具有较强的抗冲击负荷能力。     

以改性蛭石为填料的生物流化床法处理低C /N污水的应用

以热改性蛭石为填料,提高生物流化床系统处理低C/N污水的能力。实验结果表明,经过改性的蛭石对氨氮和COD的去除效率有明显的提高,分别是天然蛭石的2.1倍和2.7倍。在热改性蛭石为填料的生物流化床系统处理低C/N污水的实验过程中,主要分析了温度、pH和DO对反应系统处理效果的影响,确定了反应器的最佳处理条件。对于氨氮质量浓度为50 mg/L、ρ(COD)为200 mg/L的原水,在温度为30℃、pH=8.0、ρ(DO)=2.0 mg/L的处理条件下,反应系统对氨氮和COD的处理效果最佳,去除率分别可达94.9%和85.7%。     

细菌和真菌对复合污染模拟废水的处理研究

本文利用胶质芽孢杆菌(Bacillus mucilaginosus)和黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)处理铜-苯酚(简称铜-酚)和镉-苯酚(简称镉-酚)这类有机-无机复合污染模拟废水,采用胶质芽孢杆菌和黑曲霉分别单独、联合或先后处理等5种方式,探讨了这两类菌体对复合污染模拟废水的处理效果及优化方法。结果表明,微生物对铜-酚废水的处理效果优于对镉-酚废水。对于铜-酚废水的处理表明,当废水中苯酚浓度为50~200 mg/L时,去除率可达80%以上,最高可达94.65%,其中铜的去除率较苯酚低;当模拟废水中铜浓度为30 mg/L时,可达最高去除率(60.02%)。微生物对镉-酚废水的处理表明,当废水中镉离子浓度为4 mg/L时,最高去除率为58.44%,苯酚的去除率一直保持在30%左右。     

高岭土吸附剂去除含锰废水中锰离子的实验研究

高岭土吸附剂处理含锰废水中锰离子的实验表明:高岭土的最佳粒度为0.177 mm,pH值控制在7.5～ 8.5间,常温搅拌30 min,吸附剂与水量比为12 g∶1 L,对锰离子质量浓度为100 mg/L的废水的处理效果最好,使锰离子质量浓度由100 mg/L降至0.1 mg/L,锰离子的去除率超过90%,达到GB8978-1996工业废水排放的一级标准.高岭土对锰离子吸附的等温吸附曲线符合Freundlich模型,其吸附机理主要是吸附作用和沉淀作用.     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of