广西苍梧MS5.4地震震源深度

2016年7月31日广西苍梧发生的M_S5. 4地震是广西测震台网自建立以来所记录到的区域内最强地震。不同机构对于此次事件给出的震源深度结果相差较大,例如美国地质调查局(USGS)地震目录显示其深度为24. 5km,而全球矩心矩张量研究中心(Global CMT)测定的深度为15. 6km。为了进一步准确确定广西苍梧地震的震源深度,文中基于区域速度模型,首先利用走时残差全局搜索法初步得到此次地震震源深度及误差范围,然后使用CAP(Cut and Paste)方法反演苍梧地震震源机制,在此基础上,采用Rayleigh波振幅谱和s PL震相方法进一步约束了此次地震的震源深度。研究结果显示:利用走时残差全局搜索法获得的苍梧M_S5. 4地震震源深度及误差范围为(13±3) km,CAP方法反演的深度为10km,Rayleigh波振幅谱测定深度结果为9～10km,s PL震相测定深度结果为10km,最终确定广西苍梧M_S5. 4地震的震源深度约10km,这表明此次事件仍为发生于上地壳的地震。本文结果同时表明,USGS地震目录在研究区的震源深度精度有待提高。     

USGS地震目录中4～5级震源深度异常地震可靠性初步研究:以南北地震带若干地震为例

在南北地震带地区,USGS全球地震目录中存在一些震源深度大于30km的地震.这些地震的震源深度是否可靠,对于研究这一地区的孕震机制、岩石圈强度和构造演化等科学问题具有重要意义.本文以南北地震带2012年发生的5个4~5级地震为例,利用区域地震台网的波形数据,基于sPL深度震相、短周期瑞利面波以及CAP等独立方法测定了其震源深度.结果表明:sPL深度震相和CAP方法给出的震源深度比较一致,差别小于2~3km,能够得到比较可靠的震源深度;短周期瑞利面波及其与P波振幅比也确定了地震震源深度较浅的特征.本文研究结果显示:宁夏会宁4.7级、云南富民4.8级和四川会东4.7级地震的震源深度约为8~12km左右,仍为发生于上地壳的地震,USGS地震目录给出的30km甚至更深的震源深度存在明显偏差;对于四川隆昌4.6和4.9级地震,本文给出的震源深度为1~2km,属于极浅源地震,USGS地震目录给出的10km和35km的震源深度结果尚需进一步改进.     

2015年1月18日河南范县M_L 4.2地震震源机制解分析

采用CAP方法反演2014年1月18日河南范县M_L 4.2地震震源机制,反演结果显示:震源矩心深度在9 km处获得最佳震源机制解,其中:矩震级MW=4.0;节面Ⅰ:走向66°,倾角83°,滑动角-171°;节面Ⅱ:走向335°,倾角81°,滑动角-7°。同时采用P波初动和Snoke方法求解,发现震源机制解与CAP方法一致。初步推断此次地震的震源机制解属于走滑型,节面Ⅰ为NE走向,与该区内聊兰断裂方向一致,推测此地震应与聊兰断裂活动相关。     

2017年九寨沟MS 7.0地震震源深度测定

为了更好地确定2017年8月8日九寨沟M_(S )7.0地震震源深度其发震机理,利用四川、甘肃和青海区域地震台网的观测波形数据,采用多种方法研究了此次地震的震源深度。首先,采用gCAP方法反演了九寨沟M_(S )7.0地震的震源机制解和矩心深度,结果显示,节面Ⅰ走向243°/倾角87°/滑动角-158°,节面Ⅱ走向151°/倾角68°/滑动角-3°,矩震级为M_(W )6.5,矩心深度为8 km;然后,采用ISOLA近震全波形方法反演了此次地震的震源机制解,反演结果与gCAP方法结果相差不大,矩心深度为7 km;最后,通过sPn震相与Pn震相之间的走时差测定此次地震初始破裂震源深度,结果显示深度约为12 km。研究表明,九寨沟M_(S )7.0地震的矩心深度为7—8 km,初始破裂深度约为12 km。     

多方法计算四川炉霍Ms5.3地震震源深度

2011年4月10日四川炉霍发生了Ms5.3地震,为了解不同解算方法对此地震震源深度结果的影响程度,分别采用了CAP波形反演、多台sPn-Pn平均到时差和近震常规定位3种方法求解该次地震的震源深度。结果显示,利用CAP波形反演获得的该地震震源矩心深度约为11 km,采用多台sPn-Pn平均到时差测定的震源初始破裂深度约为12 km,两个结果基本一致,结果应该是可靠的;通过近震常规定位方法计算的震源深度约为18 km,结果的可靠性相对较低;本次地震的震源深度约为11 km,与该区域的优势发震层位比较一致。     

2016年河北尚义M 4.0地震震源深度分析

基于河北数字地震台网宽频带地震记录,采用CAP波形反演法,计算得到2016年6月23日河北尚义M 4.0地震的震源机制和深度,并利用sPL震相进一步测定震源深度。计算结果显示：采用CAP方法反演,得到此次地震震源深度为11 km,采用sPL震相进行测定,得到震源深度为13 km,可见采用2种方法确定的震源深度基本一致,分布范围为11—13 km,表明此次地震发生在上地壳。     

CAP方法反演2014年山东乳山M4.2、M4.0地震震源机制解

选用山东数字地震台网波形资料,利用CAP方法反演乳山2014年1月7日M4.2及4月4日M4.0地震震源机制解。反演结果显示,两次地震均在矩心深度为6 km处获得最佳震源机制解,其节面参数基本一致,属于近走滑型地震。震中附近流动台站的震源距计算表明地震序列震源深度应略小于7 km,与CAP方法反演结果具有一致性,表明地震的主体破裂发生在上地壳。     

新的震级国家标准在2018年陕西宁强MS 5.3地震震源参数测定中的应用

利用国家测震台网记录到的2018年9月12日陕西宁强M_S 5.3地震的波形数据,使用新震级国标计算了此次地震宽频带面波震级M_(S(BB)),利用CAP波形反演方法得到震源机制解及矩震级M_W。结果显示:利用50个宽频带测震台站的波形数据测得此次地震的M_(S(BB))为5.0,与GCMT测定的M_S震级一致;由CAP方法反演得到的最佳双力偶参数为节面Ⅰ:走向169°/倾角81°/滑动角9°,节面Ⅱ:走向78°/倾角81°/滑动角171°;矩震级M_W为5.0,与USGS公布的结果较一致,与GCMT公布的结果仅差0.1。研究认为,此次地震震级应为5.0左右,在日常地震速报中可将M_W作为首选发布震级;而对于中强地震,M_(S(BB))震级相较于M_S震级作为发布震级更为合理。     

基于深度扫描法精确判定鲁甸MS6.5地震震源深度

1 研究背景 2014年8月3日云南鲁甸发生MS6.5地震(简称鲁甸地震),震源深度10 km(中国地震台网中心发布).此次地震发生后,关于震源深度,一些研究者给出不同结果,如:张广伟等(2014)利用gCAP方法进行拟合,得到此次地震矩心深度为5 km;Xie等(2015)利用CAP方法进行拟合,得到此次地震矩心深度为3 km.笔者采用gCAP方法和全波形方法,获得此次地震矩心深度分别为3 km和10 km.由此可见,不同研究人员采用不同方法拟合所得此次地震的震源深度结果并不一致.文中拟采用Yuan等(2020)开发的深度扫描法重新判定鲁甸地震的震源深度.     

基于深度扫描法精确判定鲁甸MS6.5地震震源深度

1 研究背景 2014年8月3日云南鲁甸发生MS6.5地震(简称鲁甸地震),震源深度10 km(中国地震台网中心发布).此次地震发生后,关于震源深度,一些研究者给出不同结果,如:张广伟等(2014)利用gCAP方法进行拟合,得到此次地震矩心深度为5 km;Xie等(2015)利用CAP方法进行拟合,得到此次地震矩心深度为3 km.笔者采用gCAP方法和全波形方法,获得此次地震矩心深度分别为3 km和10 km.由此可见,不同研究人员采用不同方法拟合所得此次地震的震源深度结果并不一致.文中拟采用Yuan等(2020)开发的深度扫描法重新判定鲁甸地震的震源深度.     

用PTD方法测定2017年精河MS6.6地震序列的深度

2017年8月9日精河发生M_S6.6地震,随后发生一系列余震。本文采用PTD方法和新疆测震台网分析的震相数据,基于新疆“2015地壳速度模型”,计算了该地震序列的震源深度,得到M_S6.6主震震源深度约为14km,M_S≥2.5余震深度为9～18km。所有震相数据来自中国地震台网中心编目数据库。     

Relocation of the MS5.7 Earthquake Sequence in Songyuan, Jilin Province, 2018 and the Analysis of Its Seismogenic Structure

The 2018,Songyuan,Jilin M_S5. 7 earthquake occurred at the intersection of the FuyuZhaodong fault and the Second Songhua River fault. The moment magnitude of this earthquake is M_W5. 3,the centroid depth by the waveform fitting is 12 km,and it is a strike-slip type event. In this paper,with the seismic phase data provided by the China Earthquake Network, the double-difference location method is used to relocate the earthquake sequence,finally the relocation results of 60 earthquakes are obtained. The results show that the aftershock zone is about 4. 3km long and 3. 1km wide,which is distributed in the NE direction. The depth distribution of the seismic sequence is 9km-10 km. 1-2 days after the main shock,the aftershocks were scattered throughout the aftershock zone,and the largest aftershock occurred in the northeastern part of the aftershock zone. After 3-8 days,the aftershocks mainly occurred in the southwestern part of the aftershock zone. The profile distribution of the earthquake sequence shows that the fault plane dips to the southeast with the dip angle of about 75°. Combined with the regional tectonic setting,focal mechanism solution and intensity distribution,we conclude that the concealed fault of the Fuyu-Zhaodong fault is the seismogenic fault of the Songyuan M_S5. 7 earthquake. This paper also relocates the earthquake sequence of the previous magnitude 5. 0 earthquake in 2017. Combined with the results of the focal mechanism solution,we believe that the two earthquakes have the same seismogenic structure,and the earthquake sequence generally develops to the southwest. The historical seismic activity since 2009 shows that after the magnitude 5. 0 earthquake in 2017,the frequency and intensity of earthquakes in the earthquake zone are obviously enhanced,and attention should be paid to the development of seismic activity in the southwest direction of the earthquake zone.     

2017年8月8日九寨沟MS7.0地震前成都台地磁谐波振幅比异常分析

2017年8月8日四川省九寨沟县发生M_S7.0地震,成都地震基准台距此次地震震中约255km,震前该台地磁谐波振幅比出现趋势性异常。对成都台GM4磁通门磁力仪秒数据进行谐波振幅比计算,结果显示,谐波振幅比在九寨沟M_S7.0地震前表现出下降—转折—恢复上升的异常变化形态,地震发生在异常恢复期,同时,异常表现出由长周期向短周期迁移、SN向与EW向变化不同步的特征,芦山M_S7.0地震前成都台地磁谐波振幅比亦呈现了相似的异常变化特征。     

四川2015速度模型在九寨沟M_S7.0地震震源深度测定中的应用

利用四川2015模型,选择Msdp嵌入的几种常用定位方法对九寨沟M_S7.0地震进行重新定位,比较震源深度结果,并用PTD方法验证合适的震源深度,从而得到较为可靠的震源深度。本文最终判定九寨沟M_S7.0地震震源深度为12±2km。     

2022年门源MS6.9和2016年门源MS6.4地震序列比较分析

2022年1月8日青海省海北州门源县发生M_S6.9地震,震中距离2016年1月21日门源M_S6.4地震震中约33km,两次门源地震均发生在冷龙岭断裂附近,但在震源机制、主发震断层破裂过程及地震序列余震活动等方面显著不同。针对两次门源地震序列的比较分析,对研究冷龙岭断裂及其附近区域强震序列和余震衰减特征等具有重要研究意义。通过对比分析2022年门源M_S6.9地震和2016年门源M_S6.4地震余震的时空演化特征,发现二者在震源过程和断层破裂尺度上存在明显差异,前者发震断层破裂充分,震后能量释放充分,余震丰富且震级偏高;而后者发震断层未破裂至地表,余震震级水平偏低。综合分析两次门源地震序列表现出来的差异性,认为其可能与地震发震断层的破裂过程密切相关,且同时受到区域构造环境的影响。     

A Preliminary Analysis of the Seismogenic Structure of the Akto MS6.7 Earthquake Sequence on November 25, 2016

In this study,data from the Xinjiang regional network and IRIS shared global stations are used to relocate the Akto M_S6. 7 earthquake sequence on November 25,2016 by using double difference location method. Three earthquakes of M_S4. 8,M_S6. 7 and M_S5. 0 are inverted by using the g CAP method,and the focal mechanism solutions are obtained.According to the results of relocating,the location of the main shock is 39. 22°N,73. 98°E,the distribution of the earthquake sequence is about 70 km in length,and the focal depth is mainly within the range of 5-20 km. The plane and depth profiles of the earthquake sequence show that aftershocks extended in SEE direction after the main shock and the dip angle of fault plane is steep. Focal mechanism results show that the three earthquakes are characterized by strike-slip movement. Based on the results of field geological investigation,it is inferred that the seismogenic fault of the Akto earthquake is Muji fault,which is located at the northernmost end of the Kongur extensional system.The possible cause of this earthquake is that the Indian Plate continues to push northward,and during this compression process,the Indian Plate is affected by the clockwise rotation of the Tarim basin,which causes the accumulation of right-lateral action of the Muji fault,resulting in this earthquake.     

2020年云南巧家M_S5.0地震微震检测及发震构造初步探讨

利用匹配定位方法对2020年5月18日云南巧家M_S5.0地震震后24h震源附近台站记录的连续波形进行遗漏地震扫描和定位,共识别出327个地震事件,约为台网目录的2.4倍,最小完整震级由最初的M_L1.9降至M_L1.1。随后,依据最新目录计算了震后震源区的b值,并结合余震展布形态,初步分析此次地震发震构造。研究结果显示,余震序列在平面上显示出NNW-SSE优势展布方向,长度约14km,震源优势深度集中在3～15km;深度剖面展示出主震的发震断层面较陡,并且具有向西倾的趋势。综合主震震源机制解、余震展布形态和周边地质构造背景,认为巧家M_S5.0地震发震断层可能为NNW-SSE向走滑性质的断裂,与2014年鲁甸MS6.5地震的发震构造密切相关。     

STUDY ON FOCAL DEPTH OF THE MS5.4 CANGWU EARTHQUAKE IN GUANGXI

On July 31th, 2016, a magnitude 5.4 earthquake struck Cangwu Country, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, it was the largest earthquake recorded by Guangxi Seismological Network since it set up. The number of people affected by the earthquake had reached 20 000, and the direct economic losses caused by the earthquake were nearly 100 million Yuan. After the earthquake, USGS provided a global earthquake catalog showing that the focal depth of Cangwu earthquake was about 24.5km. However, the result given by the Global Centroid Moment Tensor showed the focal depth of this earthquake was 15.6km. However, the result obtained by Xu Xiaofeng et al. using CAP method was 5.1km. It was clear that the focal depths of Cangwu earthquake given by different institutions were quite different from each other. However, accurate focal depth of the earthquake has important significance for exploring the tectonic mechanism near the epicenter, so it is necessary to further determine the more accurate depth of the Cangwu earthquake. In order to further accurately determine the focal depth of Cangwu earthquake, we used the global search method for travel-time residual to calculate the focal depth of this earthquake and its error range, based on the regional velocity model, which is a one-dimensional velocity model of the Xianggui tectonic belt produced by the comprehensive geophysical profile. Then, we inverted the focal mechanism of this earthquake with the CAP method. Based on this, the focal depth of Cangwu M_S5.4 earthquake was further determined by the method of the Rayleigh surface wave amplitude spectrum and the sPL phase, respectively. Computed results reveal that the focal depth of this earthquake and its error range from the travel-time residual global search method is about(13±3)km, the focal depth inverted by CAP method is about 10km, the focal depth from sPL phase is about 10km, and the focal depth from Rayleigh surface wave amplitude spectrum is about 9~10km. Finally, we confirmed that the focal depth of Cangwu M_S5.4 earthquake is about 10km, which indicates that this earthquake still occurred in the upper crust. In the case of low network density, the sPL phase and Rayleigh wave amplitude spectrum recorded by only 1 or 2 broadband stations could be used to obtain more accurate focal depth. The focal depth's accuracy of Cangwu M_S5.4 earthquake in the USGS global earthquake catalog has yet to be improved. In the future, we should consider the error of the source parameters when using the USGS global earthquake catalog for other related research.     

Analysis on the Characteristics of the Kalpin MS5.3 Earthquake Sequence of December 1, 2013 and Anomalies before the Earthquake

This paper introduces the basic parameters, focal mechanism solutions and earthquake sequence characteristics of the Kalpin M_S5.3 earthquake sequence of December 1, 2013, and analyzed seismic activity before the earthquake, the adjacent tectonic features and the precursory anomaly at fixed points within a range of 200km. Research indicates:(1) The earthquake occurred on Kalpin fault, the source rupture type is thrust faulting with sinistral strike-slip component. (2) The earthquake sequence is mainshock-aftershock type, with the aftershock distribution attenuating quickly and trending NE. (3) Abnormal seismic activity before the earthquake was characterized by seismically nesting quiescence of M_S2.0-4.0 earthquakes, seismic quiescence of M_S4.0 earthquakes and seismic belts of M_S3.0 earthquakes in the Kalpin block, abnormal enhancement zone of moderate earthquakes on Puchang fault and seismological parameters. (4) Anomalies of precursory observation data at fixed stations are mainly characterized by mutation. Apart from the borehole tiltmeter in Halajun, the spatial distribution of other abnormal precursors showed a phenomenon of migration from the near field to far field and from the epicenter to the peripheries.     

Focal depths for moderate-sized aftershocks of the Wenchuan <Emphasis Type="Italic">M</Emphasis><Subscript>S</Subscript>8.0 earthquake and their implications

Sliding-window cross-correlation method is firstly adopted to identify sPn phase, and to constrain focal depth from regional seismograms, by measuring the time separation between sPn and Pn phases. We present the focal depths of the 17 moderate-sized aftershocks (M _S⩾5.0) of the Wenchuan M _S8.0 earthquake, using the data recorded by the regional seismic broadband networks of Shaanxi, Qinghai, Gansu, Yunnan and Sichuan. Our results show focal depths of aftershocks range from 8 to 20 km, and tend to cluster at two average depths, separate at 32.5°N, i.e., 11 km to the south and 17 km to the north, indicating that these aftershocks are origin of upper-to-middle crust. Combined with other results, we suggest that the Longmenshan fault is not a through-going crustal fault and the Pingwu-Qingchuan fault may be not the northward extension of the Longmenshan thrust fault. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40604009 and 40574040) and Special Project for the Fundamental R & D of Institute of Geophysics, China Earthquake Administration (Grant No.DQJB08B20)