神经网络半主动TLCD对偏心结构的减震控制

本文采用在结构水平双向设置TLCD半主动控制装置的方法，对偏心结构在多维地震作用下的振动控制问题进行研究。首先利用多层前向神经网络，对偏心结构在双向地震输入下的两个平动方向的反应进行预测，然后在建立起半主动控制策略的基础上，利用神经网络根据控制准则调整TLCD的开孔率，实现以结构的半主动控制，数值结构表明，这种方法能对结构的平动反应和扭转反应都能起到的较好的减震效果。     

考虑土与结构相互作用效应的结构减震控制大型振型台模型试验研究

本文设计并完成了考虑土与结构相互作用的结构减震控制大型振动台模型试验，通过对四种结构形式的对比试验。探讨了土与结构相互作用（SSI）效应对结构地震反应的影响以及调谐质量阻尼器（TMD）在刚性和柔性地基条件下对主体结构的减震效应。通过比较同一地震动作用下主体结构在刚性和柔性两种地基条件下的地震反应，可知：SS效应具有降低和提高结构减震控制效果的双重作用，其综合效果与输入地震动的频谱特性，加速度峰值大小有关。由于SSI效应在结构地震反应中发挥着双重的作用，因而使得基于刚性地基假定了设计的TMD减震控制系统在柔性地基条件下的控制效果不太理想，甚至会出现负面效应。本文还探讨了在生地基条件下影响减震控制效果的一些因素。     

考虑土与结构相互作用效应的结构减震控制大型振动台模型试验研究

本文设计并完成了考虑土与结构相互作用的结构减震控制大型振动台模型试验。通过对四种结构形式的对比试验，探讨了土与结构相互作用（ＳＳＩ）效应对结构地震反应的影响以及调谐质量阻尼器（ＴＭＤ）在刚性和柔性地基条件下对主体结构的减震效应。通过比较同一地震动作用下主体结构在刚性和柔性两种地基条件下的地震反应，可知：ＳＳＩ效应具有降低和提高结构减震控制效果的双重作用，其综合效果与输入地震动的频谱特性、加速度峰值大小有关。由于ＳＳＩ效应在结构地震反应中发挥着双重的作用，因而使得基于刚性地基假定下设计的ＴＭＤ减震控制系统在柔性地基条件下的控制效果不太理想，甚至会出现负面效应。本文还探讨了在柔性地基条件下影响结构减震控制效果的一些因素。     

耗能—隔震柔性底层钢管混凝土结构的振动台实验和损伤分析

本文通过一座三层的耗能－隔震柔性底层钢管混凝土结构模型和一座三层普通钢筋混凝土结构模型的振动台实验，着重研究了耗能－隔震柔性底层钢管混凝土结构的抗震性能和减震效果，并与普通的钢筋混凝土结构的实验进行了分析比较，研究了两种结构体系在地震作用下的耗能分布和地震累积损伤情况。     

台湾某钢框架大楼采用阻尼器补强结构减震效果评析

阻尼器是一种效果良好的减震装置,将阻尼器安装于结构中能够适时为结构体系提供阻尼力,从而减小地震作用对结构的破坏。黏滞阻尼器对振动的反应比较敏感,在结构受到较小振动时就可以发挥其减震效果,其阻尼力会随着振动周期和使用状态温度的不同而变化。当地震发生时,安装在结构中的阻尼器会消减地震作用,降低传导到主结构体系的地震能量,减小结构相对位移。本文介绍了黏滞阻尼器的工作原理和安装有黏滞阻尼器的结构体系的阻尼比的计算方法,对减震结构的减震效果的评析方法做出探讨,并以一安装有黏滞阻尼器的台湾某既有钢框架结构为例,分析了(1)该结构在遭受地震作用时的地震反应;(2)该结构体系在不同地震作用水平时的阻尼比,包括主体结构阻尼比和黏滞阻尼器阻尼比;(3)结构安装黏滞阻尼器后的减震效果。实例对本文的减震评析方法和减震效果进行了说明和分析,计算及分析结果表明利用黏滞阻尼器加固既有结构能够取得较好的减震效果,本文所提减震效果评析方法是一种实用有效的评析方法,对类似工程的减震评析具有一定的参考价值。     

调谐结构体系在地震作用下的参数配置研究

为研究调谐结构体系在基底水平地震作用下的减震效果,采用有代表性的两质点模型,从简谐激励出发得出了稳态位移响应表达式和影响参数。在此基础上,计算了子结构周期影响,得出其优化配置公式;分析了子结构与基本结构质量比的影响及配置;分析了基本结构周期、结构阻尼对减震效果的影响。进一步评析了调谐体系在宽带地震反应控制中的参数配置。研究指出质量比是地震作用下高效减震控制的重要参数,并指出了基本结构周期配置的重要性。     

土与结构动力相互作用体系振动台模型试验研究

设计并完成了土与结构动力相互作用体系的大型振动台模型试验，通过将同种加载条件下的刚性地基和柔性地基上结构地震反应进行对比，分析了SSI效应对一幢十层框架结构地震反应的影响。由试验结果可知：在SSI效应作用下，基底输入地震动的强度和频谱特性发生了显著的变化；由于SSI效应的作用，刚性地基和柔性地基上的结构地震反应存在较大差别，且在一定条件下，SSI效应对结构地震反应能起到减震作用。     

输电塔－线耦联体系地震反应分析方法（Ⅱ）：纵向

本文通过一座三层的耗能－隔震柔性底层钢管混凝土结构模型和一座三层普通钢筋混凝上结构模型的振动台实验，着重研究了耗能－隔震柔性底层钢管混凝上结构的抗震性能和减震效果，并与普通的钢筋混凝土结构的实验进行了分析比较，研究了两种结构体系在地震作用下的耗能分布和地震累积损伤情况。实验结果表明，耗能－隔震柔性底层能够有效地吸收地震输入的大部分能量，防止和减小了上部结构的地震破坏．文中还讨论了耗能－隔震柔性底层结构中钢管混凝土柱与橡胶隔震器之间的轴力分配以及在水平变形下的稳定性问题．     

聚合阻尼耗能减震结构理论模型及振动台试验

提出一种高层减震结构体系,将核心筒与外框架采用柔性滑动连接,并集中设置聚合阻尼减震系统,充分利用内部核心筒和外框架的侧向变形差耗散地震能量;建立了聚合阻尼减震结构的简化质点系模型,并得到地震作用下的位移传递公式;完成了模型结构的振动台模型试验,验证了聚合阻尼耗能减震结构的减震效果;最后通过工程算例分析得到了聚合阻尼耗能减震结构内核心筒、外框架的地震响应和减震效果,进一步探讨了地震作用下不同结构体系的塑性损伤状态,理论和试验研究结果表明聚合阻尼耗能减震结构可有效控制结构构件的塑性损伤。     

滑动屋盖摩擦控制系统对地震频谱和结构刚度的鲁棒性

地震功率谱密度函数的频率范围和结构刚度变化对滑动屋盖摩擦控制系统减震效果的影响分析表明 :控制系统减震效果对地震功率谱的频域宽窄不敏感 ,而对功率谱所覆盖的结构自振频率敏感 ;结构刚度发生± 15 %的变化对减震效果的影响不大。分析还表明 ,滑动屋盖摩擦控制系统对于结构非线性地震反应有显著的减震作用     

基于二次型性能指标的控制器优化布置方法

本文建立了基于二次型性能指标的结构控制系统控制器最优布置方法。以控制器撤除时的系统最优控制性能指标增量作为控制器对系统最优控制的贡献，并用做确定经济的控制器数量和最优控制器位置的定量分析准则。本文中的控制器位置和控制器设计采用同一个优化性能指标，使得控制系统设计为最优。根据逼近满设置控制器结构控制系统的最优状态求得控制器降阶后等价的反馈控制增益。应用本文的方法对剪切模型框架结构上安装的锚索控制器进行了控制器的总体优化设计。数值分析表明，本文提出的控制器数量、位置和参数优化方法不仅易于实现，而且甚为有效。     

Time-delay control of structures

Time-delay causes unsynchronized application of the control forces which may not only degrade the performance of the control system but also even induce instability to the dynamic system. Time-delay control algorithm is developed in this paper to solve this practical problem. The control system is first formulated in discrete-time form. In the presence of time-delay, the motion equation of the discrete-time control system remains a difference equation which can be transformed into first-order difference equation by augmenting the state variables. Optimal time-delay control algorithm is derived based on the augmented system. The time-delay control forces are simply generated from the time-delay states multiplied by the constant feedback gain. Numerical simulation is illustrated to verify the feasibility of the proposed control algorithm. Since time-delay effect is incorporated in the mathematical model for the structural control system throughout the derivation of the proposed algorithm, system performance and dynamic stability are guaranteed.     

CONTROL OF BUILDING VIBRATIONS WITH ACTIVE/PASSIVE DEVICES

Two linear optimal control laws and a non-linear control strategy are critically evaluated. They are implemented in a ten-story frame structure. For the linear control laws, both an active bracing system and a hybrid mass damper are considered as control devices, while the non-linear control law can be implemented with either an active or semi-active bracing system. The active and semi-active systems are compared to a passive bracing system with linear viscous dampers and to a hybrid system consisting of a passive bracing and a hybrid mass damper. Dimensionless indices based on the reduction of the maximum story drift and on the maximum control force required are introduced to compare the efficiencies of different control strategies. While the linear optimal control laws exhibit an excellent performance, the non-linear control law, in addition to its simplicity and robustness, appears to be more efficient when the allowable control force is within a certain limit. Furthermore, one attractive feature of the latter is that it can be implemented with semi-active devices to minimize the power requirement.     

Control strategies and experimental verifications of the electromagnetic mass damper system for structural vibration control

The electromagnetic mass damper （EMD） control system, as an innovative active control system to reduce structural vibration, offers many advantages over traditional active mass driver/damper （AMD） control systems. In this paper, studies of several EMD control strategies and bench-scale shaking table tests of a two-story model structure are described. First, two structural models corresponding to uncontrolled and Zeroed cases are developed, and parameters of these models are validated through sinusoidal sweep tests to provide a basis for establishing an accurate mathematical model for further studies. Then, a simplified control strategy for the EMD system based on the pole assignment control algorithm is proposed. Moreover, ideal pole locations are derived and validated through a series of shaking table tests. Finally, three benchmark earthquake ground motions and sinusoidal sweep waves are imposed onto the structure to investigate the effectiveness and feasibility of using this type of innovative active control system for structural vibration control. In addition, the robustness of the EMD system is examined. The test results show that the EMD system is an effective and robust system for the control of structural vibrations.     

Discrete‐time variable structure control of seismically excited building structures

Generally, the active structural control system belongs to the discrete‐time control system, and the sampling period is one of the most important factors that would directly affect the performance of the control system. In this paper, active control approaches by using the discrete‐time variable structure control theory are studied for reducing the dynamic responses of seismically excited building structures. Based on the discrete reaching law method, a feedback controller which includes the sampling period is presented. The controller is extended by introducing the saturated control method to avoid the adverse effect when the actuators are saturated due to unexpected extreme earthquakes. The simulation results are obtained for a single‐degree‐of‐freedom (SDOF) system and a MDOF shear building equipped with active brace system (ABS) under seismic excitations. It is found that the discrete variable structure control approach and its saturated control method presented in this paper are quite effective. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

MRFD半主动控制系统的时滞与补偿

时滞与补偿是基于磁流变流体阻尼器（Ｍａｇｎｅｔｏｒｈｅｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌ　Ｆｌｕｉｄ　Ｄａｍｐｅｒ，简称ＭＲＦＤ）的半主动控制系统优化设计中的一个重要问题。本文对此进行了研究，并通过计算实例分析了时间滞后与补偿两种情况对控制系统性能的影响，结果表明，当时滞达到１．０ｓ时，ＭＲＦＤ半主动控制系统仍具有一定的控制效果，说明该半主动控制系统是可靠的，其性能要优于完全主动控制系统，并且对时滞补偿以后系统的控制效果得到明显的改善，说明本文所述的时滞补偿方法是有效的。     

Designing a unified wireless system for vibration control

This research aims to develop a unified wireless control system which would successfully control the vibration of bridges, and also to evaluate its performance. In this unified wireless control system, a wireless measurement control system is developed independently from the central system, and it controls the structure by feedback on the basis of the measured signals transmitted from the control device. Also this independent control system wirelessly monitors the general performance of the control device on the site and reports to the central control system. Embedded with control algorithm and made into a system with the control device, it continuously controls the vibration by feedback. Since this independently made wireless measurement-control system does not have enough memory space for effective control, all signals can be made to communicate wirelessly with the central control system which has more memory space. When needed, a user can directly intervene in the control process. When the possible disconnection of wires due to earthquake or some other disasters can cause troubles in data transmission or power supply, the wireless control system can safely perform its function. The performance of this unified wireless control system is evaluated in comparison to a wired control system by means of vibration control experiments on bridges. In these experiments, a semi-active control method is selected, and all outputs are quantitatively compared and evaluated. As a result, this unified wireless control system with a central control system is proved to be effective for vibration control and also overcome the shortcomings of the wired system.     

结构控制新系统MDS的研究

文章提出新型控制系统MDS（Mass Damper System），并分别用被动控制和半主动控制方法进行深入研究，结果证实，MDS是一种较好的控制系统。     

EFFECTIVE OPTIMAL STRUCTURAL CONTROL OF SOIL–STRUCTURE INTERACTION SYSTEMS

A methodology is developed in this paper to include soil–structure interaction effects in optimal structural control, General Multi-Degree-Of-Freedom (MDOF) structural models are considered. The SSI transfer functions for ground motion and control force in the physical space are presented first, followed by a methodology for using system identification techniques to find an equivalent fixed-base model of an MDOF SSI system. An iterative technique is applied to combine these methods for the determination of optimal control gains. The control effectiveness of considering soil–structure interaction is investigated for the controlled SSI system. It is found that the control algorithm considering SSI effects is more effective than the corresponding control algorithm assuming a fixed-base system model. In addition, the advantage of applying this methodology is observed to be more prominent in the cases where the SSI effects are more significant. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

地震模拟振动台控制系统的发展

地震模拟振动台作为结构抗震研究重要的试验设备之一,从20世纪60年代至今,经历了从线性到非线性、时不变到时变、模拟控制到数字控制、位移控制到加速度高级算法控制的发展过程.本文从建模方法、参数识别和控制算法三个方面回顾了地震模拟振动台控制系统研究的发展历程与现状,并阐述了地震模拟振动台控制系统的发展趋势,即试件与台面动力耦合模型、高性能参数识别、控制器参数自整定、强非线性高级控制算法、振动台台阵系统控制算法.