渤海南部现代沉积物堆积速率和沉积环境

本文介绍了采自渤海南部六个箱式岩芯的＾２１０Ｐｂ放射性活度的测定，根据＾２１０Ｐｂ放射性活度在岩芯中垂分布趋势，结合我们先前获得的有关资料，探讨了渤海南部沉积物堆积速率和沉积物堆积速率和沉积特征及沉积环境。这对研究所形成岩芯沉积作用过程和海底油气开发工具有双重意义。     

冲绳海槽末次冰期、全新世沉积物化学元素分布特征

根据测定冲绳海槽０８０、０８２两岩芯中放射性同位素和化学元素的垂种布，基于＾２３０Ｔｈ／＾２３２Ｔｈ放射性活度比值，确定了末次冰期和全新世之间确切地层年代。测得资料表明，在全新世和晚更新世期间沉积物中元素丰度有很大的变化，反映了冲绳海槽在不同历史时期沉积环境的变迁和物质来源的差异。     

沉积物中^210Pb的测量方法

本文介绍了一种测定积物中＾２１０Ｐｂ的方法。沉积物中的＾２１０Ｐｂ用ＨＮＯ３和ＨＦ消化，然后＾２１０Ｐｏ在８５－９０℃下从０．５ｍｏｌＨＣＬ介质中自沉积在银片上；其全程放化回收率为８５．０±４．９×１０＾－２。     

用^210Pb和^239Pu测定Saguenay湾的沉积速率

本文介绍了用＾２１０Ｐｂ和＾２３９Ｐｕ测定Ｓａｇｕｅｎａｙ湾沉积速率。在沉积物中过剩＾２１０Ｐｂ的比活度随着深度的增加呈指数衰减,但在柱状样８２－０７２的４５ｃｍ处和８２－１４７的６ｃｍ处,过剩＾２１０Ｐｂ的比活度发生突变。这可能与１９７１年发生的陆倾有关。用＾２１０Ｐｂ方法测得柱状样８２－０７２和８２－１４７的沉积速率分别为３．５０ｃｍ／ａ和０．４９ｃｍ／ａ,与用＾２３９Ｐｕ方法测得的沉积速率３     

渤海现代沉积的研究

根据测定的１２个箱式和１１个柱状岩芯的＾２１０Ｐｂ放射性强度，首次系统地介绍了渤同代沉积速率（１００ａ时间尺度）。从＾２１０Ｐｂ的垂直分布特征和确切的地层年龄着手，结合有关资料，探讨了渤海近百年的沉积环境和沉积格局，利用放射性同位素＾２１０Ｐｂ不仅对研究所形成地层的沉积作用和混合作用过程具有重要意义，而且对海洋油气开发地质工程的调查与评价提供科学依据。     

冲绳海槽晚更新世以来沉积速率的变化与沉积环境的关系

１９９２年６月冲绳海槽进行了热水活动和底质调查。从所采岩芯中挑选有代表性的岩芯６个,对样品进行了放射性同位素Ｔｈ、＾２３０Ｔｈ、＾２３２Ｔｈ、Ｕ、＾２３４Ｕ、＾２３８Ｕ的测定。结果表明,冲绳海槽全新世期间沉积物沉积速率比晚更新世期间低,全新世平均沉积速率为２．１０－８．５０ｃｍ／ｋａ,晚更新世平均沉积速度为７．４０－２０．１０ｃｍ／ａｋ。这揭示了晚更新世低海平面期间大量的陆 火山碎屑冲绳海槽,而全     

同位素记录南黄海现代沉积环境

利用α多道能谱仪对１９９２年５月采用自南黄的５个箱式岩芯中的＾２１０Ｐｂ放射性活度进行测定；利用Ｘ射线荧光能谱测定表层沉积物中的化学元素Ｃａ，Ｓｒ，Ｆｅ，Ｔｉ和Ｃｕ。结果表明，＾２１０Ｐｂ含量随岩芯深度垂直分布、沉速速率及特征元素含量的变化具有地区性的差异。     

黄河三角洲的^210Pb剖面与再沉积作用

根据黄河三角洲东部钻孔岩芯的＾２１０Ｐｂ剖面资料，经标准化消除了因粒级不同所造成＾２１０Ｐｂ浓度变化的影响后，显示该孔的＾２１０Ｐｂ剖面可分为１１段。每段呈指数衰减，段与段之间呈现＾２１０Ｐｂ放射性比度逆增，反映了由于再沉积作用造成＾２１０Ｐｂ的稀释作用。由此分析该区沉积和再沉积历史。     

渤海南部现代沉积物堆积速率和沉积环境

本文介绍了采自渤海南部六个箱式岩芯的２１０Ｐｂ放射性活度的测定，根据２１０Ｐｂ放射性活度在岩芯中垂直分布趋势，结合我们先前获得的有关资料，探讨渤海南部沉积物堆积速率和沉积特征及沉积环境。这对研究所形成岩芯沉积作用过程和海底油气开发工程具有双重意义。     

海南岛三亚港现代沉积速率的研究

对１９８８年所采集的海南岛三亚港６个沉积柱样作了沉积结构及＾２１０Ｐｂ放射性分析。结果表明，三亚港潮汐通道及航道上，沉积物主要为细颗粒的粉砂、粘土，沉积速率为０．９１－１．２４ｃｍ／ａ，近年来砂质物的输入，反映了疏浚等人类活动对该区的影响；外港浅滩砂洲区的沉积速率小于０．４ｃｍ／ａ；潮汐通道中过剩＾２１０Ｐｂ总量亦明显大于港口的其它区域。     

Back-arc rifting in the Okinawa Trough

Geological and geophysical data reveal that the Okinawa Trough shows incipient continental rifting, and crustal separation started from about 2 Ma. The early extensional movements in the trough are probably of Miocene age. In addition to the Miocene phase, two main periods of extension are recognized: a Pleistocene phase between 1.9 and 0.5 Ma and the present day phase. During the stage short central rifts (Central Grabens) were formed. The opening however, may have occurred only in the southern part of the trough basin having an average half spreading rate of 2 cm yr^?1 since Early Pleistocene time, producing its present width of several tens of kilometres. These activities were well represented by igneous intrusions, sedimentary facies and sedimentary structures in and around the Okinawa Trough. The width of the zone affected by back-arc extension (defined as Greater Okinawa Trough) is larger than the present Okinawa Trough, whose width is 200–250 km. The present form of the Greater Okinawa Trough started to form at the same time as that of the Okinawa Trough.     

Behaviors of 210Pb and 210Po around hydrothermal vents in the Okinawa Trough

Vertical profiles for the uranium-series radioisotopes 210Pb and 210Po were obtained at thetwo hydrothermal vent sites, the Iheya Ridge and the Minami-Ensei Knoll, in the Mid-Okinawa Trough in 1993 and 1994, respectively. In 1995, both radioisotopes were measured at the Minami-Ensei Knoll a-gain. At the Iheya Ridge, where the hydrothermal activity is not active as reflected by the CH_4, and 222Rn data, both the total 210Pb and 210Po activities show deficiency relative to their parents, and the mean residence time of 210Pb and 210Po is approximately equal to 20 and 2-5 a, respectively. At the Minami-Ensei Knoll, which is characterized by black smokers, the total 210Pb(0.167 × 10~(-3)-2.5 × 10~(-3)_ Bq/kg) around the plumes is deficient relative to 226Ra but the total 210Po activities (1.83 × 10 ~(-3) - 2.83 × 10~(-3) Bq/kg) are in excess relative to 210Pb. The 210Po activities are higher than those in the East China Sea and the Okinawa Trough and excess 210Po has been found. The 210Pb/226Ra and 210Po/     

冲绳海槽海底热液喷出口附近海水中210Pb和210Po的行为

讨论了在冲绳海槽伊平屋海岭和南奄西海丘两处海底热液喷出口附近海水中的铀系子体放射性核素210Pb和210Po浓度的垂直分布剖面.在伊平屋海岭,甲烷及222Rn的数据表明海底热液活动不强,总210Pb和210Po放射性均低于它们各自母体的放射性,210Pb和210Po在海水中的平均停留时间分别为20和2～5a,而在以“黑色烟雾”为特征的海底热液活动强烈的南奄西海丘,在”烟雾”中的总210Pb含量(0.167×10-3～2.50×10-3Bq/kg)相对其母体226Ra贫乏,而总210Po含量(1.83×10-3～2.83×10-3Bq/kg)则相对其母体210Pb过剩.该处海水中的210Po的放射性高于东海陆架区及冲绳海槽其他海区,并且显示了210Po过剩.210Pb/226Ra以及210Po/210Pb放射性比值的范围分别为0.1～0.4和1.1～7.8.在热液扩散带中210Pb被优先从海水中清除.控制南奄西海丘海水中210Pb浓度的可能机制涉及到210Pb通过扩散作用的横向输送.在热液扩散带中高210Po/210Pb放射性比值表明210Pb的耗尽及210Po从海底热液喷出口的加入.     

冲绳海槽中段地球物理场及对其新生洋壳的认识

通过对冲绳海槽中的磁场进行分析，在海槽轴部追踪到了线性磁条带异常。另外，在扩张轴附近也拖到了新鲜拉斑玄武岩。重力自由空气异常值较低。根据这是由于深部地幔大幅上升所致。地震剖面及磁力资料显示在海槽轴部有强磁性浅层侵入体及海底山，这些侵入体很可能来自于深部地幔。高温地幔物质上涌在海槽轴部形成高热流、强磁异常、多火山以及热液活动。上述现象说明冲绳海槽中段张裂轴部大陆岩石圈已经破裂，并可能已有新生洋壳形成。     

冲绳海槽南部流纹岩中角闪石的化学特征及其对岩石成因的指示

为了揭示冲绳海槽西南端流纹岩成因,利用电子探针和LA-ICP-MS对该流纹岩中角闪石进行了主量和微量元素测定。所有角闪石主量元素成分变化范围小,晶体化学特征主要表现为:Ca_B>1.60,Ca_A=0,（Na+K）_A<0.33,Na_B介于0.23~0.39之间,均为钙质镁闪石。微量元素以富集Sc、V、Cr、Co、Ni和REE,亏损Rb、Sr、Ba、Zr、Th、U和Pb为特征,这些元素的富集与亏损与复杂的类质同象作用有关。由角闪石温压计得出其结晶时的温度范围为775~839℃,压力为0.12 GPa,大致相当于4 km的深度。角闪石的成因矿物学研究显示该流纹岩中角闪石为壳-幔混合成因,进一步表明冲绳海槽南部流纹岩由幔源玄武质岩浆与壳源长英质岩浆混合形成的中基性岩浆在浅层岩浆房中结晶分异而形成,且壳幔混合源很可能是冲绳海槽西南端火山岩岩浆的主要来源。     

冲绳海槽北段的重磁场特征及地质意义

１９９２年之前,国内对冲绳海槽的调查研究主要集中在海槽的中部和南部,而对其北段的调查研究工作却很少。根据实测的重磁异常,较深入地分析了海槽北段的地球物理场特征,构造活动地壳结构及应力状态,结果表明冲绳海槽北段同样具有强烈的地壳构造活动。     

冲绳海槽岩浆源的三分量混合模型

综合分析了冲绳海槽玄武岩中微量元素的地球化学特征，发现最少要求三分量混合作用来解释其岩浆源成分，并通过最大方差因子分析估算了3个分量的贡献比例。亏损型地幔是海槽岩浆源的主体，但其中舍有富集型地幔的成分，尤其是海槽中部玄武岩岩浆源中这种富集型地幔成分的特征表现得更为明显。俯冲组分是岩浆源中的另一个主要成分，贡献量为20％左右，是造成海槽区玄武岩中Pb强烈富集的重要原因。     

冲绳海槽中段近4万年来沉积物属性和来源

对冲绳海槽中段DGKS9603孔134个样品(孔深0~481cm),测试了18种常、微量元素,对该柱样的29个样品(孔深0~488cm)进行了REE测试。对采自长江三角洲的CYm柱样和黄河三角洲的S3柱样中的晚更新统的5个样品进行了常、微量元素和REE测试。分析表明,冲绳海槽中段在全新世、末次盛冰期和末次间冰期的沉积物均以陆源物质为主,生物沉积为次。末次盛冰期以陆源硅质碎屑沉积的大量增加为特征;全新世生物沉积量有较大的增加;末次间冰期介于上述两者之间,但较全新世更富陆源物质。冲绳海槽的物源演化受末次冰期的影响,具有阶段性。对比冲绳海槽与长江和黄河物源的地球化学参数,包括REE、稀有元素、惰性常、微量元素,判识出末次盛冰期冲绳海槽的陆源物质,具有长江源的物质属性,沉积物可能主要来自古长江。     

Geochemical and isotopic characteristics of volcanic rocks from the northern East China Sea shelf margin and the Okinawa Trough

Volcanic rocks both from the northern East China Sea (NECS) shelf margin and the northern Okinawa Trough are subalkaline less aluminous,and lower in High Field Strength Elements (HFSE).These rocks are higher in Large Ion Lithophile Elements (LILE),thorium and uranium contents,positive lead anomalies,negative Nb-Ta anomalies,and enrichment in Light Rare Earth Elements (LREE).Basalts from the NECS shelf margin are akin to Indian Ocean Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalt (MORB),and rhyolites from the northern Okinawa Trough have the highest 207 Pb/ 204 Pb and 208 Pb/ 204 Pb ratios.The NECS shelf margin basalts have lower 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratios,ε N d and σ 18 O than the northern Okinawa Trough silicic rocks.According to 40 K– 40 Ar isotopic ages of basalts from the NECS shelf margin,rifting of the Okinawa Trough may have been active since at least 3.65–3.86 Ma.The origin of the NECS shelf margin basalt can be explained by the interaction of melt derived from Indian Ocean MORB-like mantle with enriched subcontinental lithosphere.The basalts from both sides of the Okinawa Trough may have a similar origin during the initial rifting of the Okinawa Trough,and the formation of basaltic magmas closely relates to the thinning of continental crust.The source of the formation of the northern Okinawa Trough silicic rocks was different from that of the middle Okinawa Trough,which could have been generated by the interaction of basaltic melt with an enriched crustal component.From the Ryukyu island arc to East China,the Cenozoic basalts have apparently increasing trends of MgO contents and ratios of LREE to Heavy Rare Earth Elements (HREE),suggesting that the trace element variabilities of basalts may have been influenced by the subduction of the Philippine Sea plate,and that the effects of subduction of the Philippine Sea plate on the chemical composition of basaltic melts have had a decreasing effect from the Ryukyu island arc to East China.