新疆太古宙变质岩系岩石组合特征

新疆塔里木盆地周边发育前寒武纪变质岩系，其太古宙变质岩系分布在库鲁克塔格－星星峡及阿尔金山前。铁克力克可能有新太古代变质岩系的存在。库鲁克塔格地区太古代变质岩出露较全，由古－中太古代及新太古代变质岩组成：阿尔金山前、南天山及中天山尾亚地区均有新太古代变质岩系分布。太古代变质岩系由表壳岩和变质深成岩（岩系）组成，前者往往呈规模不等的包体散布在变质深成岩中。变质作用主要为区域中高温变质作用和区域动力热流变质作用，变质相为中深变质的角闪岩相－麻粒岩相，具中深部构造相的塑性流变特征。     

超变质成矿作用与矿床成因分类

超变质作用形成的矿床在世界上占有重要的地位。产在变质岩中尤其是前寒武纪变质岩中的大部铁、金、硼、部分稀有、非金属矿产与超变质作用有密切的成因联系。因此,研究超变质成矿作用具有重要意义。超变质作用是指区域变质作用的高级发展阶段。当高中级变质岩遭受进一步改造,在温度增高出现重熔并有岩汁参加的条件下,可形成各种混合岩、成分     

赣南宁都地区区域变质岩研究

本文系统总结了区内区域变质岩的种类及岩石特征,对变质作用和原岩恢复以及变质作用的发生、发展演化特点进行了深入的研究,从而使该区区域变质岩的研究程度有了一定的提高。     

新疆赛里克底地区接触变质岩特征及其与多金属矿产的关系

新疆赛里克底地区的变质岩分布广泛,变质作用类型有区域低温动力变质、接触变质、动力(脆裂)变质,与多金属矿产关系紧密的是接触变质岩,它是该地区找矿的重要标志。     

川西高原西康群极低级变质岩特征

川西高原广泛分布的西康群，原视为区域低温动力变质作用低绿片岩相变质岩，近期通过1：5万区调，根据粘土矿物X粉晶测试及岩石显微结构鉴定等成果，将其归属于极低级变质岩，并认为区域极低级变质作用主要源于印支造山前的成岩（埋藏）变质作用。     

贡溪—坪地一带震旦—下寒武统极低变质岩的发现及意义

本文根据1∶5万贡溪幅区调资料,阐述了湖南新晃贡溪—贵州天柱坪地一带震旦—下寒武系区域埋深极低变质岩岩石宏、微观特征,结合区域震旦—下寒武系地质背景基础上,探讨了该区域的极低变质作用与极低变质岩。为贵州区域变质作用、变质相带的划分与研究提供了新的资料。     

无量山-营盘山变质带形成机制探讨

云南省内苍山-哀牢山一线及其以西的地区,沿几条主干断裂出现一系列北西-南东向线状展布的变质地质体。笔者等近年编制1∶400万中国变质地质图云南部分的过程中,发现这些变质地质体,有的是沿大断裂带一定空间范围内的应力异常所引起,是低温区域动力变质作用的产物;有的则明显具有热力作用的特征,属于区域动力热流变质类型。属于区域动力热流变质类型的地质体已知有无量山-营盘山变质岩带、江城变质岩带和漾濞变质岩带(图1)。三     

对利用岩石化学成分恢复变质岩原岩问题的商榷

根据传统概念,一般认为区域变质作用是一等化学作用。然而,笔者以大别山地区元古界红安群49个变质岩样品为例对比提出了质疑,并且由一些实际例子可以说明,在大多数区域变质作用过程中,K、Na、Si、Al等轻元素将会发生迁移,因此根据变质岩的成分来恢复原岩通常是不一定可靠的。在区域变质作用过程中元素迁移的方式大体两种,即变质热液和变质熔体。     

中国中部前寒武纪高压变质带退变质作用的PTt轨迹

本文采用变质作用与变质岩在各种构造环境中PTt轨迹相结合的研究方法,探讨我国中部大别山地区高压变质岩的退变质作用。 1.区域地质概况:安徽前寒武纪高压变质带由榴辉岩、自片岩和蓝片岩带组成,它们具     

滇西北石鼓片岩变质变形特征及其划分

滇西北金沙江结合带东侧的石鼓变质岩系，可划分为石鼓岩群和巨甸岩群。石鼓岩群受区域动力热流变质作用改造，主期变形环境为中、深部构造相；巨甸岩群受区域低温动力变质作用改造，与之相伴的构造形迹属中、浅部构造相。石鼓岩群包含羊坡岩组和露西岩组，巨甸岩群可进一步划分为陇巴岩组和塔城岩组。同一岩群的岩组，变质作用、构造变形特征相同，但变质岩石组合及原岩特征却有明显差别。     

超高压变质岩中柯石英→石英相变研究的进展

柯石英是石英的高压同质多相变体，是超高压变质作用的产物，它是识别超高压变质作用的重要标志矿物。柯石英的发现表明了近地表的岩石随板块运动曾被俯冲至地下大于90km的深度并经受了超高压变质作用。研究柯石英→石英相变过程中的微结构变化，对进一步研究超高压变质作用的机理及超高压变质岩折返过程的动力学机制具有重要意义。本文简述了近年来有关超高压变质岩中柯石英→石英相变研究的一些进展。     

大别造山带变质岩地层年龄及其构造意义

选择近期在大别山及苏鲁地区各类变质岩地层中采用不同测试方法所获得的较为精确的同位素年龄数据共４５个进行分析,得到以下几点主要认识：１）扬子板块被动陆缘形成于８００～７００ＭａＢ．Ｐ．之间;２）根据原岩及折返动力学机制分析,南大别与苏鲁超高压、高压变质岩石是扬子板块被动陆缘（大陆隆）物质残余,在２３２～２２１ＭａＢ．Ｐ．伴随扬子板块被动陆缘俯冲到华北板块之下最大限度时在１００ｋｍ上地幔软流圈深度发生超高压变质作用,同时在较浅的构造层次上发生高压及角闪岩相变质作用。这些超高压、高压变质岩石在２２０ＭａＢ．Ｐ．开始折返,然后于２０６～１７８ＭａＢ．Ｐ．快速完成角闪岩相退变质作用;３）北大别高温变质岛弧在１３３～１２２ＭａＢ．Ｐ．伴随白垩纪花岗岩侵入体活动快速抬升,平均冷却速率达３５°Ｃ·Ｍａ－１;４）北大别高温变质岛弧与南大别超高压变质陆隆在１２０～１１０ＭａＢ．Ｐ．停止相对运动,归并为一体。     

Metamorphic history of glaucophane‐paragonite‐zoisite eclogites from the Shanderman area,northern Iran

The Shanderman eclogites and related metamorphosed oceanic rocks mark the site of closure of the Palaeotethys ocean in northern Iran. The protolith of the eclogites was an oceanic tholeiitic basalt with MORB composition. Eclogite occurs within a serpentinite matrix, accompanied by mafic rocks resembling a dismembered ophiolite. The eclogitic mafic rocks record different stages of metamorphism during subduction and exhumation. Minerals formed during the prograde stages are preserved as inclusions in peak metamorphic garnet and omphacite. The rocks experienced blueschist facies metamorphism on their prograde path and were metamorphosed in eclogite facies at the peak of metamorphism. The peak metamorphic mineral paragenesis of the rocks is omphacite, garnet (pyrope‐rich), glaucophane, paragonite, zoisite and rutile. Based on textural relations, post‐peak stages can be divided into amphibolite and greenschist facies. Pressure and temperature estimates for eclogite facies minerals (peak of metamorphism) indicate 15–20 kbar at ~600 °C. The pre‐peak blueschist facies assemblage yields <11 kbar and 400–460 °C. The average pressure and temperature of the post‐peak amphibolite stage was 5–6 kbar, ~470 °C. The Shanderman eclogites were formed by subduction of Palaeotethys oceanic crust to a depth of no more than 75 km. Subduction was followed by collision between the Central Iran and Turan blocks, and then exhumation of the high pressure rocks in northern Iran.     

Metamorphic evidence for an inverted crustal section, with constraints on the Main Karakorum Thrust, Baltistan, northern Pakistan

Abstract The Shyok Suture Zone separates rocks in the Asian plate from rocks in the Kohistan-Ladakh island arc. In Baltistan, this suture has been reactivated by the late 'break-back'Main Karakorum Thrust (MKT). The P-T histories of metamorphic rocks both north and south of the MKT have been determined in an effort to place constraints on the tectonic history of this zone. The terranes north and south of the MKT have different, unrelated metamorphic histories. Rocks from the Kohistan-Ladakh island arc south of the MKT have undergone a static low- P (2–4 kbar, c. 500° C) thermal metamorphism. The P-T paths and metamorphic textures of these rocks are consistent with metamorphism due to emplacement of plutonic rocks into the island arc. This metamorphism pre-dates folding and deformation of these rocks. Rocks in the Karakorum Metamorphic Complex, north of the MKT, have experienced a complex deformational and metamorphic history. Prograde metamorphic isograds have been deformed by subsequent south-verging folding and by gneiss dome emplacement. However, decompression metamorphic reactions occurred during nappe emplacement. Higher pressure rocks are associated with higher level nappes, creating an inverted pressure metamorphic sequence (8–9-kbar rocks over 5–6-kbar rocks). There is little variation in temperature with structural level (550–625° C). These two different terranes have been juxtaposed after metamorphism by the late south-directed MKT.     

与赣东北元古代蛇缘岩有关的高温,高压变质岩和重变质作用机制的讨论

赣东北蛇绿岩发育地区产出有高温和高压变质岩。高温变质岩包括多种角岩、透 辉石岩和黄长石大理岩;高压变质岩包括文石硬玉蓝片岩、硬往石片状大理岩和红帘石硬绿泥石 片岩。这两类变质岩仅见于元古界地层内,空间分布上仅与本区蛇绿岩有关。在大陆边缘蛇绿岩 发育期间,有过一种岩浆作用—热变质作用,高压变质作用叠加在高温变质作用之上,暗示 了高温变质岩与该蛇绿岩发育的洋盆早期拉张阶段的岩浆作用相对应,高压变质岩则与洋盆晚期 闭合阶段的构造作用相对应,我们称这种机制为“重变质作用”,与都城秋穗的“对变质作用”不 同。     

内蒙石板井—小黄山与蛇绿岩相伴的变质岩及其演化

在内蒙古石板井－小黄山蛇绿岩带发现了具典型热变质特征的红柱石堇 青石角岩和以兰绿色角闪石、硬绿泥石、黑硬绿泥石等矿物代表的中高压区域变质角闪片岩。据变质作用时序和相拓朴图两个方面的研究,表明石板井和小黄山两地的变质岩属同一构造混杂岩,其中的变质岩先经过与火成作用有关的热变质作用,反又叠架了中高压变质作用,即经历过一反时钟PT轨迹。它的热高峰为620℃,压力高峰近0．65GPa。     

Metamorphic Evolution of Charnockites and Felsic Gneisses from the Schirmacher Region,East Antarctica

The structural and petrographic studies of the metamorphic rocks of the Schirmacher region, East Antarctica, indicate polyphase metamorphism, dominantly of an early granulite and later amphibolite facies metamorphism. In order to understand the metamorphic evolution of the region, the temperature and pressure of metamorphism has been estimated for felsic gneisses and charnockites using conventional models of geothermometry and geobarometry. The studies showed that, the early granulite facies metamorphism and charnockitization took place around 827±29°C at 7.3±0.3 kbar, while the later amphibolite facies metamorphism and granitization took place around 654±27°C at 5.4±0.4 kbar. The pressure and temperature recorded in these rocks suggest that metamorphism was initiated at 20 to 27 km depth, with a geothermal gradient of around 32°C/km. The P-T conditions reflect isobaric cooling path, with a gentle dP/dT slope (∼10±1 bar/°C). The isobaric cooling path owes its origin to the underplating of crust by mantle derived magmas.     

近70年中国变质岩石学-变质地质学的研究进展

为总结我国变质地质学的历史经验,回顾了我国从变质岩石学到变质地质学近70年的发展历程.依据大量文献,分3个阶段和8个方面总结了变质岩石学和变质地质学取得的进展.我国在超高压变质地质学、早前寒武纪变质地质学、变质作用年代学、变质作用相平衡模拟等领域处于国际先进行列,蓝片岩、变质流体和变质岩化学动力学方面与世界研究基本处于同步水平,极低级变质作用研究等领域与国际先进水平尚有较大差距.通过历史的回顾,表明变质岩的研究已经从变质岩石学转变为变质地质学,已经从单一的岩石学研究转变为以变质岩为基础,变质矿物、地球化学、同位素地质、构造地质等多学科的综合研究.在变质岩和变质地质领域我国有一些区位优势,但是只有坚持自主创新才能把区位优势转变为学科优势.各种分析实验技术的发展促进了变质地质学的发展,随着新技术的不断涌现和大数据时代的来临,变质地质学会有更大的发展.      

华夏地块显生宙的变质作用期次和特征

华夏地块主要存在四期变质作用。加里东期变质作用呈北东向展布于华夏的大部分地区,变质作用可达麻粒岩相,且麻粒岩断续分布平行于造山带,此期变质作用是在挤压造山构造背景下发生,很可能与扬子地块向冈瓦那大陆北缘聚合–碰撞,造成大陆边缘沉积物变形–变质有关。根据粤东梅县片麻岩和兴宁混合岩的LA–ICPMS锆石U–Pb定年以及邻区独居石U–Pb年代学的研究,海西的变质作用主要发生在260~280 Ma,年轻于欧洲典型的海西期造山时代。华夏地块的海西期变质作用分布局限,它们可能形成于拉张构造背景。印支期变质岩在华夏有较广泛的分布,西南端大容山—十万大山的印支期变质作用可达麻粒岩相,其他地区的变质作用具有中低压相系的特征,记录了造山后期伸展构造背景。LA–ICPMS锆石U–Pb定年指示华夏中部粤中地区的印支期变质作用发生在231~232 Ma。燕山期变质岩主要分布于东南沿海和台湾中央山脉,显示了双变质带的特点,表明与太平洋板块向东南沿海俯冲作用密切相关。从印支期到燕山期,变质带的方向发生了转变,说明影响华夏地块变质作用的构造域发生了改变。     

P–T evolution of the Precambrian Metamorphic Complex,NW Iran: a study of metapelitic rocks

The Mahneshan Metamorphic Complex (MMC) is one of the Precambrian terrains exposed in the northwest of Iran. The MMC underwent two main phases of deformation (D₁ and D₂) and at least two metamorphic events (M₁ and M₂). Critical metamorphic mineral assemblages in the metapelitic rocks testify to regional metamorphism under amphibolite‐facies conditions. The dominant metamorphic mineral assemblage in metapelitic rocks (M₁) is muscovite, biotite I, Garnet I, staurolite, Andalusite I and sillimanite. Peak metamorphism took place at 600–620°C and ∼7 kbar, corresponding to a depth of ca. 24 km. This was followed by decompression during exhumation of the crustal rocks up to the surface. The decrease of temperature and pressure during exhumation produced retrograde metamorphic assemblages (M₂). Secondary phases such as garnet II biotite II, Andalusite II constrain the temperature and pressure of M₂ retrograde metamorphism to 520–560°C and 2.5–3.5 kbar, respectively. The geothermal gradient obtained for the peak of metamorphism is 33°C km⁻¹, which indicates that peak metamorphism was of Barrovian type and occurred under medium‐pressure conditions. The MMC followed a ‘clockwise’ P–T path during metamorphism, consistent with thermal relaxation following tectonic thickening. The bulk chemistry of the MMC metapelites shows that their protoliths were deposited at an active continental margin. Together with the presence of palaeo‐suture zones and ophiolitic rocks around the high‐grade metamorphic rocks of the MMC, these features suggest that the Iranian Precambrian basement formed by an island‐arc type cratonization. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.