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1.
Hans Knippenberg 《GeoJournal》2006,67(4):317-330
The Netherlands is part of the historic Northwest-Southeast multi-confessional culture belt according to the comparative framework
of church-state relations in Europe as recently developed by Madeley on the basis of Rokkan’s conceptual map. The aim of this
paper is to describe the development of the church-state relations in the Netherlands within this historic framework of state-formation
and nation-building, and to interpret recent challenges of its historic state-church model, such as secularisation, the rise
of immigrant religions, and general ‘de- and re-territorialisation’ tendencies. The Netherlands developed from a relatively
very tolerant polity dominated by the Calvinist Church to a ‘pillarised’ society, in which the Rome-Reformation divide (which
also had a strong geographical dimension) was institutionalised in the political system. After the 1960s, very strong secularisation
put this ‘pillarised’ system under severe pressure, but the remnants of this system offered a favourable opportunity structure
for religious newcomers (Muslims in particular), who could establish their mosques and Muslim schools relatively easily. However,
while the main Protestant churches, and even Catholic and Protestant political parties have merged, failing integration of
these newcomers in Dutch society and terrorist attacks at the global level as well as in the Netherlands encouraged a new
divide between Muslims and non-Muslims. The metropolitan areas in particular became the scene of this new divide. 相似文献
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3.
Cathelijne de Busser 《GeoJournal》2006,67(4):283-294
Contrary to the absence of a uniform Spanish identity (a phenomenon that is often referred to as Spain being a ‘nation of
nations’), Spain’s confessional map is remarkably homogeneous. From the beginning of its existence as a political conglomeration,
Spain has been a mono-confessional Catholic territory. Even at present, Catholicism is an intrinsic feature of Spanish society
and – though officially a secular state – of state policy. A closer look at Spain’s religious situation and its corresponding
pattern of church–state relations reveals, however, some recent cracks in the century’s old bond between Spain and Catholicism.
Particularly secularization and religious pluralism challenge Spain’s mono-confessional Catholic nature, a development that
fits well into Spain’s post-Francoist focus on Europe and European (secular) values. This paper discusses Spanish church–state
relations from the beginning of its political existence until present times. Special attention will be paid to more recent
societal developments and their impact on religious Spain and church–state relations.
相似文献
Cathelijne de BusserEmail: |
4.
R. C. Dey 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2009,74(1):131-137
The subsurface Nagaur Basin in northwest Haryana and southwest Punjab hosts evaporite sequence, conformably overlain by Nagaur
red beds and grey beds. A polymictic conglomerate intervenes the Nagaur sequence and the overlying Tertiary sequence. The
focus is on the new finds of (i) distinctive ‘grey beds’ overlying ubiquitous red beds, (ii) ‘Malout conglomerate and grit’
horizon (Palaeocene-Miocene) marking an unconformity over the Nagaur Group (early Cambrian) and (iii) ‘entrapped gas and dried-up
leaves/carbonaceous flakes’ in the conglomerate unit and succeeding Tertiary rocks. Palaeoenvironmental significance has been
discussed. The Nagaur ‘red beds’ has been likened to ‘continental red beds’ of Schreiber (1978) and ‘reworked red beds’ of
Krynine (1949). The ‘grey beds’ are channel fillings, fresh material having been derived from fresh cuttings by streams/rivers
following structural grains in the Aravalli landscape where the interfluves provided weathered (oxidised) materials for the
red beds. Association of continental red beds and grey beds is known in the Newark Series (Triassic) of the Eastern United
States and the Keweenawan ‘late Precambrian’ of the Lake Superior region. 相似文献
5.
The binational reality of border-crossing cities 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jan Buursink 《GeoJournal》2001,54(1):7-19
In a time of changing border functions city pairs on either side of national state borders have increasingly become objects
of attention, because of border crossing contacts and co-operation at the local level. This paper focuses on conceptual aspects
of such city pairs, owing their existence to either duplication of an already existing city or to partitioning of a once united
city. In search of a proper name that expresses the relations between such partner cities without metaphorical exaggeration,
the current vocabulary is reviewed. Especially the notion of the ‘binational city’ receives critical attention. A discussion
of selected cases of paired cities in Europe and North-America has been included to underline the importance of local conditions
and historical backgrounds with regard to the mutual relations and conditions of co-operation. In conclusion the author states
that for the time being ‘border–crossing’ cities seems to be the best name for city pairs of different national backgrounds,
the emergence of true ‘binational cities’ being a rather exceptional outcome in a far future.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
6.
War on Terror,work in progress: security,surveillance and the configuration of the US workfare state
This paper evaluates the impact of recent shifts in the geopolitical outlook of the United States—specifically the ‘Global
War on Terror’ and its domestic ramifications—on the prior project of reconfiguring the US state to an after-Fordist ‘workfare’
paradigm. In particular, the paper attempts to situate recent developments in the reconfiguration of the American welfare
state within the context of debates over the ‘exceptional’ nature of US politics post-9/11. The extent to which this has had
a bearing on work practices, welfare provision and workfarism is investigated, citing examples from the post-9/11 era. On
the basis of such examples it has been suggested that the project of reconfiguring the US welfare state and labour relations
does overlap and intersect with the emergency practices that the US state has instituted domestically as part of the War on
Terror. However, the reconfiguration of the US welfare state towards a neoliberal or workfarist paradigm is, we argue, largely
part of the ‘normal’ (as opposed to exceptional) fabric of US politics. The project of reconfiguring the US welfare state
is ongoing and largely autonomous (although not entirely removed) from the use of exceptional practices in relation to the
US security state. Investigation of this relationship, we assert, provides a potentially fruitful ‘new direction’ for both
critical geopolitics and political economic geography, and grounds for interaction between the two. 相似文献
7.
Marco Antonsich 《GeoJournal》2010,75(1):119-132
Although geographers have largely investigated the notion of place, the relationship between place and Self does not seem
to have received a similar attention, both theoretically and empirically. After the initial interest expressed by humanistic
geographers, social constructivism and cultural materialism (two dominant paradigms in use since at least the 1980s) have
somewhat moved the interest towards a sort of social(izing) discourse, which has pushed the individual dimension to the margin.
Accordingly, this dimension has been treated as a mere product of social discourses, as purely embodying and (re)enacting
certain social categories (gender, sex, race, etc.) or, again, it has been discredited as psychologically ‘mentalistic’ and
geographically ‘trivial’. In the present article, I aim to rescue this personal, intimate dimension and show how, beyond an
all-encompassing social(izing) logic, it remains at work in the ways people relate to place. Theoretically, the study builds
on the early contributions of humanistic geography, complemented with more recent works in environmental and social psychology.
Empirically, it is grounded in narratives of place collected during interviews and focus groups administered in four regional
case studies in Western Europe. The article advances and illustrates, with empirical materials, a simple theoretical framework,
which aims to contribute to the understanding of how meanings of place implicate and are implicated in the construction of
the Self. 相似文献
8.
Jean-François Staszak 《GeoJournal》2004,60(4):353-364
The article advocates an articulation of cultural geography and art history, and in this perspective focuses on the analysis
of the primitivist movement and particularly on Gauguin's work and personal itinerary. Primitivism introduced artefacts of
‘primitive’ people into the history of Western art and signalled a change in the relationship between the West and the ‘Other’
and ‘Elsewhere’. This reversal of values has a major geographical dimension. Primitivism manifests the contradiction-rife
colonial ideology, but can also challenge colonization. Tourism, which is, in the case of Tahiti, directly linked to Gauguin
and to his myth, inherited a lot from primitivism, in terms of hopes and ambiguities. Conversely, primitivism casts light
on geographical features of these places, instituted as ‘Elsewheres‘ by the West, and visited, even transformed by painters,
colonizers and tourists.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
9.
Pakama Queenscious Siyongwana 《GeoJournal》2009,74(4):293-310
The demise of South African Apartheid Planning in 1994 and subsequent lost of Umtata’s capital status when the Transkei was
subsumed into the new Eastern Cape Province resulted in the major political transformation of the Transkei state. Central
to the post-apartheid transformation was restructuring of Transkei bureaucracy which at the time of South Africa’s independence
in 1994 displayed abnormalities. This paper documents the restructuring of the Transkei bureaucracy focusing on Umtata since
1994. The study has brought to the forefront the following facts: Firstly, that at the time of the Transkei merger into South
Africa, employment in the government was ‘booming’ and to greater extent it was affected by Umtata’s role—being the capital
city of the pseudo-Transkei state. Secondly, the post 1994-political transformation of the Transkei Bantustan impacted negatively
on Umtata’s employment notably the civil service sector by ‘squeezing’ it during the early years of democracy (1994–2000).
Thirdly, since 2001, with Umtata serving as the major urban centre of both King Sabata Local Municipality and OR Tambo District
Municipality, employment in the civil service and municipality has been revitalized. 相似文献
10.
The paper examines the neighborhood council from the perspective of its contribution to town planning. Within the context
of planning in Israel, two distinct models of neighborhood council and their relationship to the municipal planning administration
in two different towns are considered. Their potential as a new arena of planning at the neighborhood level is evaluated,
including the ability to mediate between ‘bottom-up’ and ‘top-down’ planning processes, and to offer a planning framework
that combines local with professional knowledge. 相似文献
11.
Groundwater has played an important role in economic development in Southeast Asian countries, but some problems caused by
nature or human actions such as contamination, over pumping, and land subsidence bring the necessity of more systematic groundwater
monitoring wells. The analytical hierarchy process with pairwise comparison was used to allocate and organize the regional
groundwater monitoring wells in five regions, Thailand, Cambodia, East/West Malaysia, and South Korea. Five different multi
criteria decision models, which were composed of three primary criteria and eight secondary criteria, were developed based
on the answers of the questionnaire from 76 groundwater experts in Thailand, 100 in Cambodia, 101 in East Malaysia, 87 in
West Malaysia, and 93 in South Korea. It was revealed that the weights of model criteria for each country, which also represent
relative importance on groundwater monitoring, were different according to the diverse groundwater situation. The most important
factor to determine the number of monitoring well was ‘number of households using only groundwater as a water source’ for
Thailand and South Korea, ‘number of contamination sources’ for Cambodia, ‘amount of groundwater use for drinking-water supply’
for East Malaysia, and ‘number of wells with contaminated water’ for West Malaysia. 相似文献
12.
Lisa Bhungalia 《GeoJournal》2010,75(4):347-357
In September 2007 Israel’s security cabinet approved a ‘hostile entity’ classification for the Gaza Strip and intensified
its economic and diplomatic blockade of this Hamas-controlled region. Taking the ‘hostile entity’ classification as a point
of entry, this paper examines the construction of Gaza as an insurgent zone, a liminal space within which Israel’s executive
discretion has authorizing force. Central to this process, it argues, is a blurring of lines between the civilian and combatant—the
elimination of a purely civilian space. This paper begins with an analysis of the discursive strategies employed to collapse
the space between the civilian body and battlefield in Gaza. It then turns to an examination of socio-spatial practices mobilized
around the ‘hostile entity’ classification, foremost Israel’s sanctions policy, and argues this counter-insurgency strategy
entails regulation and management of the Palestinian body combined with the active subjugation of Palestinian life to the
power of death. Centrally, this paper attends to the relationship between geopolitics and violence at the scale of the (Palestinian)
body. 相似文献
13.
Pirouz Mojtahed-Zadeh 《GeoJournal》2006,66(4):273-283
Erratum to: GeoJournal 62: 51–58 DOI 10.1007/s10708-005-8562-2 The erroneous version of this article was originally published in GeoJournal 62: 51–58. This amended version corrects the formatting errors which are evident in the original version.Abstract It is universally accepted that the need for defining precise lines of separation and points of contacts between states is the byproduct of the emergence of nation-states and ‘world economy’ in the nineteenth century Europe. Nevertheless, it is hard to overlook the fact that these modern notions are rooted in periods prior to the emergence in Europe of nation-states. There are indications that ancient civilizations were familiar with the notion of ‘state’ in connection with the concepts of territory and boundary. Ancient texts reveal that this basic principle existed in ancient Persian literature in respect of matters of state, territory, and boundary. Similarly, the likelihood exists that these Persian notions could have influenced Roman civilization. It is widely believed that a combination of ancient Greco-Roman and Persian civilizations is a major contributor to what culturally constitutes ‘West’. Later in the Sassanid period the inter-linked notions of state, territory, and boundary developed substantially, coming quite close to their contemporary forms. On the other hand, considering that ‘justice’ was the corner stone of ancient Persian Political philosophy, the idea that ancient␣Iranian spatial arrangement might have contributed to the evolution of the concept of democracy in the West may not be too difficult to contemplate.The online version of the original article can be found at 相似文献
14.
Elizabeth Holcombe Sarah Smith Edmund Wright Malcolm G. Anderson 《Natural Hazards》2012,61(2):351-385
Despite the recognition of the need for mitigation approaches to landslide risk in developing countries, the delivery of ‘on-the-ground’
measures is rarely undertaken. With respect to other ‘natural’ hazards, it is widely reported that mitigation can pay. However,
the lack of such an evidence base in relation to landslides in developing countries hinders advocacy amongst decision makers
for expenditure on ex-ante measures. This research addresses these limitations directly by developing and applying an integrated
risk assessment and cost–benefit analysis of physical landslide mitigation measures implemented in an unplanned community
in the Eastern Caribbean. In order to quantify the level of landslide risk reduction achieved, landslide hazard and vulnerability
were modelled (before and after the intervention), and project costs, direct and indirect benefits were monetised. It is shown
that the probability of landslide occurrence has been substantially reduced by implementing surface-water drainage measures
and that the benefits of the project outweigh the costs by a ratio of 2.7–1. This paper adds to the evidence base that ‘mitigation
pays’ with respect to landslide risk in the most vulnerable communities—thus strengthening the argument for ex-ante measures.
This integrated project evaluation methodology should be suitable for adoption as part of the community-based landslide mitigation
project cycle, and it is hoped that this resource, and the results of this study, will stimulate further such programmes. 相似文献
15.
This commentary reflects on Nancy Krieger’s thinking in light of the links between place, ‘race’ and public health from our
vantage points as Maori (indigenous) and Pakeha (settler) researchers in Aotearoa New Zealand. We propose an addition to Krieger’s
list of pathways through which racism impacts upon the health of indigenous peoples: the systematic alienation of indigenous
lands and subsequent degradation of ecosystems that undermine traditional economies. We believe that this proposal, along
with the forging of new community-based research partnerships, will increase the potency of Krieger’s challenge: to name and
claim racism as a public health issue. 相似文献
16.
Johannes Schoenherr Zsolt Schléder Janos L. Urai Ralf Littke Peter A. Kukla 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2010,99(5):1007-1025
We compared microstructures of Late Pre-Cambrian to Early Cambrian Ara Salt diapirs from the deep subsurface (3.5–5 km) of
the South Oman Salt Basin and from surface-piercing salt domes of the Ghaba Salt Basin. Laterally, these basins are approximately
500 km apart but belong to the same tectono-sedimentary system. The excellent data situation from both wells and outcrops
allows a unique quantification of formation and deformation mechanisms, spanning from sedimentation to deep burial, and via
re-activated diapir rise to surface piercement. Microstructures of gamma-irradiated and etched thin sections indicate dislocation
creep and fluid-assisted grain boundary migration as the main deformation mechanisms operating in the deep subsurface. Microstructures
from the surface are characterised by large ‘old’ subgrain-rich crystals. These ‘old’ grains are partly replaced by ‘new’
subgrain-free and subgrain-poor crystals, which show gamma irradiation-decorated growth bands and fibrous microstructures,
indicative of pressure solution creep and static recrystallisation, most likely due to surface piercement and exposure. Using
subgrain size piezometry, the maximum differential stresses for the subsurface salt is 1.7 MPa and those for the surface-piercing
salt is 3.4 MPa, the latter value displaying the high stress conditions in the diapir ‘stem’ as the salt rises on its way
to the surface. 相似文献
17.
The intent of this paper is to explore how ‘reel’ and ‘real’ landscapes can be rendered dialectic. The analysis focuses on
the filming of Tarzan's Secret Treasure (1941) at the wildlife preserve of Wakulla Springs in Florida, which was administered
by the financial tycoon Ed Ball. Using Mitchell's recent commentaries on ‘good’ and ‘bad’ dialectics as our entry point, we
offer two readings of this cinematic process. The first renders the on and off screen Wakulla Springs as ideological fodder,
serving to valorise capital, masculinity and whiteness. The second reading addresses how this place has been actively constructed
from discourses pertaining to class, gender and race, such that Wakulla exists as a series of fully relational spaces within
diverse contexts, both ‘real’ and ‘reel’. In structuring our analysis in this manner, we hope to make clear why it does indeed
matter for film geographers to acknowledge the conceptual presumptions brought to bear in the framing of the real and the
reel as objects of analysis.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
18.
Paulo Cesar da Costa Gomes 《GeoJournal》2004,60(4):339-344
We are concerned here with the notion of space as a primary condition for building social relations. From this stand, we have
created two analytical matrixes that can help us characterize two modes: that of ‘being-there-in-space’ and that of ‘being-of-the-space’;
the nomospace and the genospace. While the nomospace is characterized by ‘cold’ connotations, which are ideally defined as a result of a logical option, the genospace is mainly characterized by emotional or ‘warm’ connotations, which originate from a feeling of shared nature and common destiny.
We believe that these matrixes could help us to identify the meanings of some behaviours and, therefore, make us more capable
of interpreting many dynamics that occur in modern societies. The importance of geography is justified by the existing relationship
between these behaviours and their proper spatial form.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
19.
Elżbieta Bilska-Wodecka 《GeoJournal》2006,67(4):341-355
According to Madeley’s (2003) comparative framework of state–church relations in Europe, Poland is part of the historic Northeast-Southeast multi-confessional
culture belt. The aim of this paper is to analyse the historic relationships between the Polish state and church in relation
to this framework with special attention to the post-Second World War period and to the consequences for the Polish religious
landscape. In contrast to the multi-confessionality of the historic Polish polities, after the Second World War Poland became
a mono-confessional, Roman-Catholic country. Territorial changes, the resettlement of people and the annihilation of the Jewish
population by the Nazis were responsible for this religious homogenisation. Consequently, the relationship between state and
church was almost completely confined to the relationship with the Roman-Catholic Church. During the 45 years of communist
dominance, that church became the largest public organisation independent of the state authorities and played the most important
role in the struggle against the ‘atheisation’ of Polish society as a consequence of the strong support for the church by
the majority of people. The post–1989 period is characterised by a liberalisation towards non-Catholic religious communities
and – after an initial reluctance – a positive attitude of the Polish Roman-Catholic Church (strongly supported by the Polish
Pope John Paul II) towards the Polish membership of the European Union.
相似文献
Elżbieta Bilska-WodeckaEmail: |
20.
Sandra Freiboth Holger Class Rainer Helmig Tobias Graf Wolfgang Ehlers Viktoria Schwarz Christos Vrettos 《Computational Geosciences》2009,13(3):281-300
Multiphase flow processes in unsaturated cohesive soils are often affected by deformation due to swelling and shrinking as
a result of varying water contents. This paper presents a model concept which is denoted ‘phenomenological’ in terms of the
processes responsible for soil deformation, since the effects of deformation on flow and transport are only considered by
constitutive relations that allow an adaptation of the hydraulic properties. This new model is validated in a detailed intercomparison
study with two state-of-the-art models that are capable of explicitly describing the processes relevant for the deformation.
A ‘numerical experiment’ with a state-of-the-art reference model is used to produce ‘measurement data’ for an inverse-modelling-based
estimation of the model input parameters for the phenomenological concept. 相似文献