青岛市崂山区2008年度土地变更调查工作顺利完成

为顺利完成崂山区2008年土地利用变更调查工作,根据国土资源部2008年度土地变更调查方案和山东省国土资源厅、青岛市国土资源和房屋管理局的具体工作要求,结合崂山区实际情况,崂山区土地调查办公室制定了《崂山区2008年度土地变更调查实施方案》,及时组织召开金区土地变更调查会议并对各街道土地变更调查技术人员进行技术培训。土地调查办公室收集所需资料,整理后分发给各国土资源所,由国土资源所工作人员野外逐地块核实土地变化情况,填写调查记录手簿和《土地变更调查记录表》,由土地调查办公室进行内业处理和数据采集。     

东明县城区第二次城镇土地调查项目控制测量权属调查阶段成果率先通过验收

2008年5月31日,省、市第二次城镇土地调查办公室组成验收组,对东明县城区第二次城镇土地调查项目控制测量、权属调查阶段成果进行了验收。验收组采用内外业相结合的方式,听取了工作报告、技术报告、检查报告,实地抽查检视了部分城区D级、E级GPS控制点。验收组一致认为：东明县提交的验收成果资料基本完整,齐全,技术设计方案合理,技术总结和工作总结能反映整个工作过程的组织、计划、统计情况;质量控制措施严密,检查项目齐全,格式规范;控制测量成果符合技术设计书要求,技术路线正确,工作流程合理,GPS控制网布测方案能满足城区地籍调查和相应精度分级的要求,点位选择合理,     

城镇土地权属调查探析--以晋城市第二次城镇土地调查为例

在当前的土地调查工作中,城镇土地权属调查是其非常重要的部分之一,也是城镇地籍调查工作的核心,但其工作难度大、任务繁重、复杂繁琐,如何开展和做好土地权属调查工作是地籍工作一个永恒的课题。本文笔者结合自身工作实践,以晋城市第二次城镇土地调查为例,对土地的权属调查工作做了简要探讨。     

第三次全国土地调查线状地物调查方法探讨

通过第二次、第三次全国土地调查执行的土地利用现状分类和土地调查技术规程对比分析,根据现有第二次全国土地调查成果和第一次全国地理国情普查成果等已有资料,提出在第三次全国土地调查中,应将村道纳入公路调查范围的观点,归纳已有资料,对利用方法、线状地物图斑构建方法和构建中可能遇到的问题提出处理方案,供开展三调工作的工程技术人员讨论。     

MapGIS K9软件在山东省土地变更调查建库工作中的应用

为准确掌握每年土地利用实际变化情况,保持土地调查数据的现势性,全国各地每年进行土地调查数据库更新工作。山东省自2011年开始使用 MapGISK9软件进行数据库更新,通过对软件的应用,总结更新过程中遇到的各种技术问题,为新一轮建库工作的顺利进行提供更多经验和有效解决方法,推进了全省土地变更调查工作。     

测绘技术在开发区土地利用现状与潜力调查工作中的应用

为了切实保护耕地、缓解土地供需矛盾、保证经济社会可持续发展,我国不同程度地尝试着开展开发区土地利用现状与潜力调查工作,然而,该项目是建立在完成城镇地籍调查的基础上的,也就是说需要提前运用测绘手段完成城镇地籍调查工作,方能提高精度,形成准确的基础图件、数据,从而为保质保量完成开发区土地利用现状与潜力调查工作做好技术保障。     

土地调查办就山东省二次土地调查标准时点更新汇总工作答记者问

按照国务院的统一部署,第二次全国土地调查于2009年7月1日启动。计划利用两年半时间,全面查清目前全国土地利用状况,掌握真实的土地基础数据,实现土地资源信息的社会化服务。第二次全国土地调查是一项关系国民经济发展大局的重大国情国力调查,也是一项技术性、专业性、政策性很强的社会系统工程,需要全社会的支持与关注。2009年是山东省第二次土地调查工作的决战之年,是时间紧,任务重,压力大的一年。为加快推进第二次土地调查各项工作,近日,山东省土地调查办组织人员对全省二次土地调查标准时点统一更新成果进行集中审查汇总。参加人员之多、工作量之大、科技含量之高都是山东省地籍管理工作中从未有过的,记者随即现场采访了省土地调查办公室的有关人员。     

胶州市胶北镇土地利用现状与潜力调查

胶州市国土资源局在完成胶北镇驻地土地调查的基础上,开展土地利用现状与潜力调查工作,摸清了城镇土地利用现状,分析土地利用状况,评价和测算土地利用潜力。该文介绍胶州市胶北镇土地利用现状与潜力调查的组织实施,技术方法,调查结果,并对存在问题提出合理化建议。     

MapGIS 图斑自动编号技术在惠民县历史遗留损毁土地调查中的应用

随着经济的发展,惠民县经济建设对土地的需求和保护耕地的严峻形式之间的矛盾越来越明显,通过进行历史遗留损毁土地的摸底调查,制定有效的土地复垦政策,可在一定程序上缓解供需矛盾,实现经济社会的可持续发展。该文探讨MapGIS图斑自动编号技术,该技术的实现可以为损毁土地的外业调查工作提供方便,全面提高工作效率。     

吉林西部多时相遥感数据分类方案的构建及应用

为了深化遥感监测方法在生态环境调查中的应用,本文以吉林西部为试验区,设计了一种多时相遥感数据分类方案。该方案以物候信息为主,结合地物特征变量(植被、水体和土地信息)构建的多维特征空间数据集用于土地覆被分类。该遥感分类方案提取了9种地表覆被类型,结果表明:地表植被季节变化信息和土地利用信息的引入能明显改善土地覆被的分类精度;与基于原始波段的分类方案相比,多时相遥感数据分类方案的分类精度最好,总体分类精度为95.50%,Kappa系数为95.04%。     

Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites

Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.     

高压微波消解法测定醋酸纤维过滤器采集的微尘粒子中的砷镉钴铬铜铁锰镍铅钒锌

最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

硅酸盐中铁、锰、钛、钙、钾、磷、硅、铝、镁、钠、锶、铷、钡的X-射线荧光光谱定量测定

本文介绍样品经四硼酸锂熔融制成玻璃小饼。采用Lachance模式和理论a系数来校正元素间的效应,由3080E型X-射线荧光谱仪和DF-350B数据处理系统完成硅酸盐中十三个项目的测定。     

硅酸盐类样品中硅、铁、铝、钛、锰、钙、镁、钾、钠和磷的x射线荧光光谱测定

本文拟定了一种以熔融法制备样片,用X射线荧光光谱测定硅酸盐类样品中Si、Fe、Al、Tj、Mn、Ca、Mg、K、Na、P等元素的分析方法。在对不同靶材X光管和分光晶体实验对比的基础上,选择了最佳的测量条件。该法具有快速、准确,测量范围广,检测限低,价格便宜等优点。经过近百个各种类型标样或管理样品的分析对比表明,本法不仅适用于硅酸盐类岩石样品的分析,还适用于铁矿、铝土矿、碳酸盐类岩矿样品以及水泥、耐火材料等样品的分析。     

Viscous, cohesive, non-Newtonian, depositing, radial slurry flow

Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance.     

Mountains,nations, parks,and conservation

Between 1985 and 1991, two new mountain protected areas (MTNPA) covering more than 35,000 km² and based on participatory management models — the Makalu-Barun National Park and Conservation Area, Nepal, and Qomolangma Nature Preserve, Tibet Autonomous Region — were successfully established through the collaborative efforts of Woodlands Mountain Institute and conservationists in China and Nepal. Characteristics common to both projects include the importance of establishing (1) effective rationales, (2) local support constituencies, (3) a senior advisory group, (4) a task force, (5) linkages between conservation and development, and (6) fund raising mechanisms. The lessons derived from the experiences of Woodlands Mountain Institute are of significant value to others in preserving MTNPA. Increased collaboration and communication between all interested in conservation, however, will remain a critical component for expanding mountain protected area coverage to throughout the world.     

岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率

在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。     

Regional distribution of Al,B, Ba,Ca, K,La, Mg,Mn, Na,P, Rb,Si, Sr,Th, U and Y in terrestrial moss within a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region: influence of geology,seaspray and human activity

Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km² area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population).