地震图缩微化管理综述

７．０级以上的地震，其地震波将传播到地球的每个角落并可记录下来，所以，地震图是研究地球内部构造的信息媒介，地震图缩微化有利于地震资料保护和交流，全球历史地震图缩微计划的实施，表明地球科学开展广泛合作的必要性，中美地震科学技术合作带动了我国地震图的缩微化，国际资料交换，使我国ＳＫ台网资料与美国ＷＷＳＳＮ接轨，并实现全球共享，我国的地震图缩微系统，设备配套，完善规范，每年缩微国内外大地震记录图约１００     

临汾大地震破裂形式及未来地震危险性探讨

根据几年的活动断裂填图和新发现的地震地表破裂资料，结合卫星影象判读和地震史料记载，分析和讨论了１６９５年临汾大地震的地质构造背景及发震构造部位和未来地震危险性，指出了该地震的破裂形式与分布范围。     

DW—417地震图缩微照像机电路故障分析

DW-417地震图缩微照像机是专为地震图缩微设计制造的。它是地震资料缩微保存及国际资料交换必不可少的重要仪器。在我们近十年的工作中。使用DW-417照像机缩微了几十万张地震记录图。本文重点介绍该仪器在长期使用中出现的一些电路故障及其分析处理。     

亚欧地震构造图(1:800万)出版

由国家地震局地质研究所编的“亚欧地震构造图”已由地图出版社出版。亚欧地区分布着世界上最著名的西太平洋地震带和地中海-喜马拉雅地震带,也是世界上板内地震最活跃的地区。由于亚欧地区现代大地构造运动的复杂性和多样性,所以本区几乎包括了世界上所有的构造地震类型。该图为研究地震构造、地震区划和地震预报提供了基础资料。亚欧地震构造图在分析研究了大量资料的基础上,采用板块构造观点编成。该图除了表示各种震源深度     

地震预报支援系统

本文介绍一种服务于地震预报的工作站辅助系统。该系统借助于数据库和知识库帮助我们检测地震资料中的异常并且对其加以评价，当我们对资料绝对值的变化有举趣时，可根据该资料的样本特性采用诸如AR模型或各种点过程的统计模型。当我们关心资料的定位变化时，采用模糊模型，这些模型可尝试性地检测资料中的异常变化。数据库不仅包括现代地震台网记录的地震，而且包括从历史文件中发现的地震。模糊信息恢复功能是为处理历史文件中的资料提供方法。在知识库方面，以往主要地震研究实例的准则和结果贮存在模糊图中，通过使用三维／二维图窗，该系统的操作得到了简化。     

鄂尔多斯活动地块及边界带1∶50万地震构造图编制

地震构造图是综合反映特定地区地震构造环境和地震活动水平的基础性图件,鄂尔多斯活动地块及边界带1∶50万地震构造图是国家重点研发计划“鄂尔多斯活动地块边界带动力学模型与强震危险性研究”项目的一个专题成果。该图以鄂尔多斯活动地块及边界带为编图范围,参照地震行业有关地震构造图编制标准和数据库标准,在系统收集和整理区域地理信息、地质、活动构造、地震、地球物理等资料的基础上,开展高分辨卫星影像解译,吸收项目最新研究成果,建设了编图所需的基础数据库;通过资料矢量化、地层界线修改、断层修改、图面修饰、图件复核等环节,编制成鄂尔多斯活动地块及边界带1∶50万地震构造图。该图反映了由银川盆地—贺兰山、弧形构造束、渭河盆地、山西地堑系、河套盆地等活动构造单元组成的鄂尔多斯活动地块边界带,以及相邻地块有关地震构造的最新资料,完善了鄂尔多斯地块及边界带活动构造几何学和运动学图像,建成了区域地震构造基础数据库。     

由深源远震体波记录反演华北部地壳上地幔速度结构

重点研究的地区为河北省北部包括京津地区，以及山西、内蒙的部分地区，在此区选取了２９个台站；在向东延伸的背景区，选取了６个台站。利用这些台站的深源远震体波记录资料，通过选取介质结构模型，计算理论地震图，与观测图进行拟合，以确定地震台下介质结构的可接受模型。在拟合时，对每个地震台站都选择若干次深源远震的体波记录作为观测图。对每个地震台站一般都算出６０个不同模型的理论图。实际上做出的结果比地壳深，为大约     

太原—临汾地区地震构造及潜在震源区划分

在搜集了目前太原－临汾地区的地震构造特征和地震活动资料基础，分析了总结了该地区的大震和强震发生的地震质构造，地震和地球物理等条件。根据地震的发生条件，以及近几年来对潜在震源区划分的一些新认识，对太原－临汾地区的潜在震源区作了重新划分，并将结果与《中国地震烈度区图（１９９０）》中的相应方案作了对比分析。     

川南、滇北地震台网区域壳幔介质分层结构的初步研究

本文利用川南、滇北21个地震台短周期地震仪的深源远地震波形作为观测资料,通过调整地壳和上地幔介质模型并计算相应的综合地震图的方式,直至获得与观测波形可相比拟的综合地震图。据此,推断该地震台网区域的地壳中下部由一组高速和低速相间的薄层所组成,且大部分台站下的地壳厚度达到或超过54km。此外,文中还研究了该区域壳幔介质的吸收特点。     

IASPEI/UNESCO历史地震图和地震工作小组的活动与我国地震图的缩微工作

IASPEI/UNESCO历史地震图和地震工作小组与历史地震图缩微计划地震图含有震源和地球内部构造的大量信息,是地震学和地球物理学研究的重要资料来源。地震图是在遍布世界各地的地震台站记录到的,仪器类型、记录格式不尽一致,资料的保管和使用也不统一,这些都给地震学家充分利用这些资料造成相当大的困难。时常是为了得到一张重要的地震图要花费很多时间和精力。随着地震学的发展,台站仪器标准化,地震     

中国地震烈度区划图编制的原则和方法

国家地震局组织所属单位共同编制了《中国地震烈度区划图》(1:300万),1977年已由国家地震局正式颁布,供建设规划和确定中、小型工程地区基本烈度使用参考.地震基本烈度是指某地区今后一定时期内,在一般场地条件下可能遭受的最大烈度.该图是一幅1973年以后未来百年内地震基本烈度的预告图.本文介绍了编制该图的主要原则和方法.由于目前对地震活动的认识水平和研究程度的限制,方法不可能是完善的,预告也不一定准确,有待今后进一步研究.      

Assessment of macroseismic intensity in the Nile basin,Egypt

This work intends to assess deterministic seismic hazard and risk analysis in terms of the maximum expected intensity map of the Egyptian Nile basin sector. Seismic source zone model of Egypt was delineated based on updated compatible earthquake catalog in 2015, focal mechanisms, and the common tectonic elements. Four effective seismic source zones were identified along the Nile basin. The observed macroseismic intensity data along the basin was used to develop intensity prediction equation defined in terms of moment magnitude. Expected maximum intensity map was proven based on the developed intensity prediction equation, identified effective seismic source zones, and maximum expected magnitude for each zone along the basin. The earthquake hazard and risk analysis was discussed and analyzed in view of the maximum expected moment magnitude and the maximum expected intensity values for each effective source zone. Moderate expected magnitudes are expected to put high risk at Cairo and Aswan regions. The results of this study could be a recommendation for the planners in charge to mitigate the seismic risk at these strategic zones of Egypt.     

柴达木—阿尔金地震带b值统计计算

目前工程地震中使用的b值来源于《中国地震动参数区划图》（GB 18306—2015）,地震资料仅考虑至2010年,距今有10多年的地震资料缺失,在此期间柴达木—阿尔金地震带发生了7级以上强震,因此需验证该地区b值是否体现高震级段地震危险性水平。为此,利用1920—2019年地震资料,对柴达木—阿尔金地震带b值进行统计研究,确定b值为0.76。根据该地震带不同构造区提取地震目录,按照震级完整时段计算各自b值,得到b值范围为0.536 5～0.801 9,最大差值为0.272 6,该结果低于《中国地震动参数区划图》（GB 18306—2015）确定的b值,体现了近期大地震的发生对该地震带活动强度和大震重现期等地震活动特征和活动水平的影响,本研究确定的b值可作为《中国地震动参数区划图》（GB 18306—2015）的补充,可为科学建立重大建设工程地震危险性计算模型提供基础依据。     

美国地震区划图的发展——地震危险性图与抗震设计图

在过去的数十年里,美国地震区划图随着建筑抗震设计需求而不断发展变化,从最初的一张图发展成现今抗震设计图和地震危险性图两图共生的形式。地震危险性图主要反映依据地震科学认识与基础观测资料评估得到的国土地震危险性分布,抗震设计图则继承了传统地震区划图的主要功能,反映国土范围内建筑抗震设计所需地震动设计参数的分布,服务于建筑设计。依据抗震设计需求,美国地震区划图的演化过程可划分为地震系数分区区划、设计地震地震动区划和最大考虑地震地震动区划3个阶段,各阶段均始于地震危险性图的改进,并以抗震设计理念与方法的更新换代以及与之相适应的抗震设计图的编制为标志。本文总结了美国地震区划图的演化历程,对地震危险性图与抗震设计图发生变革的技术原因、主要特征、应用意义及其影响进行了重点的分析与论述。     

Random field characteristics of seismic zoning map

How to test the reasonability of the seismic zoning map with probabilistic means is the most concerned problem. So far, there were no good methods to test zoning map using actual intensity data. Firstly, the author suggest the concept of random field, then proved that the average value of the randomifield is ergodic by using Monte Carlo method, therefor the spatial average tend to be the average of the random field with probability of the zoning map. Thus, a method of testing seismic zoning map with probabilistic means using spatial distributing samples of intensity caused by actual earthquakes was provided. The Chinese seismic zoning map made in 1990 was tested using recent 15 years and 50 years intensity samples. The results shows that this zoning map is reasonable. The method provided in this paper can be used in other circumstance in which random field methods were used. The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,15, 53–60, 1993.     

A PARAMETRIC APPROACH TO THE COMPRESSION OF SEISMIC SIGNALS BY FREQUENCY TRANSFORMATION*

The compression of seismic signals which have propagated through a dispersive medium can be achieved by a frequency-domain transformation. This transformation is formally related to the dispersion characteristic of the medium and is independent of phase and group velocities. By defining a suitable cost-function to measure the degree of dispersion of a time- signal, an iterative technique can be employed to find that transformation which gives minimum dispersion. In this paper, we assume that the inverse of the dispersion characteristic can be adequately approximated by a finite polynomial in the region of maximum signal energy density. The coefficients of this polynomial are the parameters of dispersion of the medium. These parameters can be estimated both in the presence of noise and in the case of signals made up of multiple arrivals. The techniques developed in this paper are applied to seismic signals which have been recorded underground by a set of geophones designed to detect and map discontinuities in coal-seams. Results of dispersion estimation and signal compression are discussed for data collected in the Blackshale seam, Pye Hill Colliery, near Derby, in the United Kingdom.     

基于历史地震史料记载的地震危险性分析方法

现行的地震危险性分析方法是经过潜在震源区划分、地震活动性参数和衰减关系的确定,以及基岩地震动参数的计算而作为基础资料的历史强震目录,同时也是通过历史地震记载的分析得到的。然而,在其每一个环节都存在不确定性,而现有的不确定校正很难达到满意的程度。本文设想仅仅利用历史地震的史料记载,依据最大似然法,计算场地的各不同年份不同超越概率的地震危险性。以怀来、河间、唐山、承德、宁晋、石家庄为例,并仅仅以这些场地的历史记载为依据,不考虑推测的影响烈度,计算这些场地的危险性分析结果,并与中国地震烈度区划图（1990）的结果进行比较,由此来说明本方法具有一定的可利用性。     

Probabilistic seismic hazard assessment of the Pyrenean region

A unified probabilistic seismic hazard assessment (PSHA) for the Pyrenean region has been performed by an international team composed of experts from Spain and France during the Interreg IIIA ISARD project. It is motivated by incoherencies between the seismic hazard zonations of the design codes of France and Spain and by the need for input data to be used to define earthquake scenarios. A great effort was invested in the homogenisation of the input data. All existing seismic data are collected in a database and lead to a unified catalogue using a local magnitude scale. PSHA has been performed using logic trees combined with Monte Carlo simulations to account for both epistemic and aleatory uncertainties. As an alternative to hazard calculation based on seismic sources zone models, a zoneless method is also used to produce a hazard map less dependant on zone boundaries. Two seismogenic source models were defined to take into account the different interpretations existing among specialists. A new regional ground-motion prediction equation based on regional data has been proposed. It was used in combination with published ground-motion prediction equations derived using European and Mediterranean data. The application of this methodology leads to the definition of seismic hazard maps for 475- and 1,975-year return periods for spectral accelerations at periods of 0 (corresponding to peak ground acceleration), 0.1, 0.3, 0.6, 1 and 2 s. Median and percentiles 15% and 85% acceleration contour lines are represented. Finally, the seismic catalogue is used to produce a map of the maximum acceleration expected for comparison with the probabilistic hazard maps. The hazard maps are produced using a grid of 0.1°. The results obtained may be useful for civil protection and risk prevention purposes in France, Spain and Andorra.     

Pattern recognition of major asperities using local recurrence time in Alborz Mountains, Northern Iran

In this study, seismic data recorded during the period 01/01/1996 to 09/01/2009 has been used to evaluate the seismic hazard potential along the Alborz region, Northern Iran. The technique of mapping local recurrence time, T _L, is used to map major asperities, which are considered as the areas with maximum hazard. We calculated T _L from a and b values which are in turn derived from the frequency–magnitude relation constants within a radius of 30 km about every corner point of a 10-km spacing grid. Since b value is inversely related to applied stress, the areas with lowest b values and/or shortest T _L are interpreted to locate the asperities or the areas of maximum seismic hazard. To test this method, we computed T _L map using seismic catalogues before and after the 2004 Baladeh earthquake of M _w 6.2. The local recurrence time map before the earthquake shows anomalously short T _L in the epicentral region of the Baladeh earthquake a decade before its occurrence. The T _L map after the earthquake indicates that this large event has redistributed the applied stress in the Alborz region. The microseismicity of the region after the Baladeh earthquake, however, suggests that there are two anomalies in T _L map positioned in Alborz. The places where these anomalies are observed can be considered as the areas with maximum seismic hazard for future large earthquake in the Alborz region.