基于光谱复原的NMF遥感图像融合改进算法

在研究了非负矩阵分解(NMF)用于遥感图像融合技术的基础上,改进了一种基于光谱复原的NMF遥感图像融合算法,首先利用矩阵非负性分解求取图像的基向量矩阵,然后综合考虑图像融合后的光谱特性和波形变化情况,对基向量矩阵进行直方图规则化处理,最后得到融合后的图像。实验结果表明,该方法具有较好保持原始图像的光谱信息和空间信息的优点。     

高光谱遥感技术的发展与应用

高光谱遥感图像由于其高光谱分辨率的特点正在受到国内外的广泛关注。主要介绍了国内外有关成像光谱技术的发展过程，包括成像光谱仪的发展历程，高光谱数据处理技术的发展现状，对高光谱遥感技术在海洋遥感、地质勘探、军事等领域的应用，做了较为详细的介绍。最后对高光谱遥感的发展趋势作了展望。     

一种基于分割图斑的海岸带遥感图像分类方法

传统的基于象元的分类方法在处理海岸带这类动态多变、混杂度大的地物时常出现“椒盐现象”,难以矢量化形成专题图。提出了一种新的遥感图像分类方法——基于分割图斑的分类法,即选择一个合适的尺度,利用光谱信息按照一定的策略将图像分割为一系列的图斑,并确保图斑内大多数象元的光谱特征相近,分别对图斑内诸象元进行统计,求出各个波段的均值,用该均值替换图斑内所有象元的原始亮度值,这样分类时可以确保同一图斑内的所有象元被分到同一个类别中,从而有效地避免了“椒盐现象”,使分类结果便于矢量化成图,也便于对特定地物的提取。实验结果表明,该方法还能在一定程度上提高分类精度。     

数字图像融合技术在摄影测量中的应用

为了解决单一遥感图像的信息不足，设计了面向摄影测量的数字图像融合系统，综合应用多源遥感图像，有效提高图像的空间分辨率和光谱分辨率，以满足境内困难地区和境外目标的地形图测绘生产的需要，讨论了面向摄影测量的数字图像融合系统的设计思路，并介绍了应用该系统生成的融合图像在摄影测量生产中的应用情况。     

基于植被指数的马铃薯叶片氮素含量估算模型

作物氮素状况的有效监测是作物精确施肥和管理调控的信息基础。文章利用AISA-Eagle机载高光谱成像系统获取遥感图像,在对图像进行精确的几何、辐射校正基础上,探索由马铃薯冠层光谱数据组成的植被指数与叶片氮素含量之间的相关关系,建立相应的估算模型,并进行全氮含量填图。实验结果表明:植被指数TCARI/OSAVI与叶片氮素含量的相关性最好,决定系数为0.8404,达极显著相关。将最优的估算模型(y=-24.429x+10.08)应用到整个高光谱遥感图像,得到的全氮含量图的值域和分布与实际测量和地面调查结果基本一致。     

光滑表面内孤立波光学遥感图像的实验研究

基于光学遥感图像的内孤立波参数反演是一项重要的工作。本文在实验室条件下提出一种新方法用于模拟光滑表面情况下内孤立波的光学遥感成像。基于二维内波水槽、LED平板面光源和CCD相机搭建仿真光学遥感系统探测内孤立波。水平表面的光学遥感图像和垂向内孤立波传播图像被同时探测，旨在探讨在光滑表面下，光学遥感与内孤立波的响应。结果表明，内孤立波传播经过时，CCD1相机获得暗纹，暗纹的特性随光源入射角的变化而变化。光学遥感特征参数和垂向波要素相对应。实验还显示光学遥感图像的暗纹宽度与内孤立波的半波宽度在不同内孤立波振幅下呈现正相关关系。该系统有着现象清晰，重复性高的优点，为定量研究光学遥感成像机理提供科学依据。     

滩涂水边线Landsat-5影像提取方法

快速获取遥感影像水边线时空变化信息具有重要意义,滩涂水边线提取一直是遥感技术应用的难点问题。水边线在遥感影像上具有独特的空间关系与光谱特征。本文综合使用颜色模型变换法、信息熵计算法、最大类间方差法及边缘检测方法。以长江口崇明东滩为研究区,研究了Landsat-5卫星影像海陆对比度增强及不同尺度下的边缘提取,重点给出了基于热红外波段的水边线空间特征与光谱特征的计算方法,在面向对象技术框架下提出了一种顾及空间关系和光谱特征的遥感影像水边线快速提取方法。实验结果表明:(1)基于最大类间方差法的局部阈值分割法能够自动提取band 6的水边线,水边线连续、完整,空间信息丰富;(2)综合使用最佳指数法、离散度方法及颜色模型变换方法,能够有效增强海陆对比度,基于最大类间方差法的局部自适应Canny算子能够自动检测出增强后遥感影像高精度边缘;(3)利用水边线的空间关系和光谱特征,能够由计算机自动实现水边线的识别与连接工作;(4)本文提出的水边线提取方法速度快、自动化程度高,分别继承了阈值分割法的连续性强的优点和Canny算子定位精度高、细节呈现能力强的优势。研究结果对于海岸带动态变化、陆海相互作用机制、海岸带资源保护与开发及近海工程管理等研究具有重要的参考价值。     

资源卫星在海洋测绘中的应用研究

随着航天遥感技术的发展,遥感在海洋测绘中的应用越来越显示出其潜力:由于遥感除光学成像系统外,光电成像、微波成像技术得到广泛应用,传感器接收的电磁波的不同波段,能被所探测的物体反映形成数据,这为研究海岸带的特性提供了有效的手段。多时相观测同一地区,有利于研究地区变化的规律,同时也是消除噪声、防止误判的有效途径,对水下暗礁的探测有重要意义。此外,多光谱的遥感数据,对浅     

海岸带高光谱影像分类技术研究

以海岸带地物分类研究为重要对象,针对传统海岸带区域地物及海水等目标分类技术的局限性,通过分析海岸带地物的光谱特征以及在高光谱数据中的表征,研究高光谱成像技术在海岸带遥感应用中的有效性。实验结果表明相对传统的遥感影像分类技术,高光谱海岸带分类显得更为精细,也展示了高光谱技术在海洋遥感中的巨大应用前景?     

以内陆水体为观测目标的GF-1影像常规融合方法评价

内陆水体的研究需要遥感影像具备高空间分辨率和高光谱分辨率，这使得影像的全色（PAN）波段和多光谱（MS）波段之间的融合尤为重要。本文以钱塘江大缺口段为研究对象，采用四种常规融合方法，包括Pan Sharpening（PS）、主成分分析（PCA）、Gram Schmidt（GS）和小波分析（WF），分别对GF-1影像开展了全色波段和多光谱波段的融合方法评价。研究结果表明，GS融合后的影像效果最好，随后分别是PCA、WF和PS。由于水陆之间反射率信息获取的根本差异，大面积水体的存在会影响到融合影像保留源图像空间和光谱信息的能力。因而，在进行遥感影像融合时，融合方法的选择需要考虑影像中水域面积的分布情况。     

朝鲜海峡气候特征

本文收集了1960～1990年间的水文气象资料进行累年统计,并参考有关航海资料和海洋图集,详细地对朝鲜海峡进行了分析研究,阐明了该海峡气候及水文特征的变化规律。     

双功能潜水器结构设计分析探讨

双功能潜水器是目前国际上比较新型的可用于深海水下观察和作业的装备。既可有缆载人／无人，又可无缆载人。该潜水器最大工作深度450m，其结构材料和结构形式与以往类似的装备不同。文章对双功能潜水器耐压壳结构和载体框架设计中的一些问题进行了探讨，提出的设计思想和计算方法，这对获得一个具有最轻结构重量的实用的双功能潜水器结构具有指导意义。     

ArcSDE在数字海底系统中的应用

在数字海底系统中的开发中,应用了ArcSDE对渤海工程地质空间数据和属性数据在Oracle中进行了统一存储和管理,并以此数据库为基础,实现了渤海工程地质空间数据的查询显示、虚拟现实等应用。文章重点讨论了ArcSDE的原理及其在数字海底系统中的应用。     

The Continental Shelf of Crete: The Benthic Environment

Abstract. Sediment characteristics determining macrofauna communities were investigated on the continental shelf of Crete. The sedimentary environment of the outer continental shelf of Crete is characterized by a silty substrate with significant decrease in chlorophyll a and organic carbon concentration with depth. Redox potential values indicated an ample supply of oxygen at all depths. Values of most production-related parameters TOC, chlorophyll a , ATP were found at the low end of the range reported from the literature even though the sampling stations were very close to the coastline. Organic carbon to chlorophyll ratios in the sediments indicated that most of the organic material is of phytoplankton origin; the quality of the organic material in the outer shelf, however, seems to be of lower bioavailability.     

The European Integrated Maritime Policy: The next five years

At the time of writing, the EU has just finished appointing a new cohort of senior representatives for the period 2014–2019. This includes appointing a Commissioner with a newly defined remit for Environment, Maritime Affairs and Fisheries and the members of the various Committees of the European Parliament with competences related to maritime affairs. These individuals will invariably spend at least part of their first months in office identifying their respective priorities for the coming years. This commentary seeks to contribute to these deliberations by making concrete suggestions for priorities that might be considered as regards the future of the EU’s Integrated Maritime Policy (IMP). Seven years since its launch, the IMP remains very much a work in progress. Drawing on recent academic studies of the EU’s various ocean related policies this commentary argues that two of the greatest weaknesses of the IMP are the sectoral nature of priority-setting and strategy-making as well as the lack of a funding tool to implement its aims. Two concrete proposals are made, specifically aimed at the incoming EU leadership, which seek to address these weaknesses and to realize the aims articulated in the IMP.     

The geology of the Oceanographer Transform: The transform domain

Three dives in submersible ALVIN and four deep-towed camera lowerings have been made along the transform valley of the Oceanographer Transform. These data constrain our understanding of the processes that create and shape the distinctive morphology that is characteristic of slowly slipping ridge-transform-ridge (RTR) plate boundaries. Our data suggest that the locus of strike-slip tectonism, called the transform fault zone (TFZ), is confined to a narrow swath (<4 km) that is centered along the axis of maximum depth. The TFZ is flanked by the inward facing slopes of the transform valley. The lower portions of the valley walls are characterized by broad sloping exposures of undisrupted sediment but at higher elevations the walls are made up of inward facing scarps and terraces of variable dimensions. Although the scarps have been badly degraded by mass wasting, there is no evidence to suggest that these scarps have accommodated significant amounts of strike-slip motion. Plutonic and ultramafic rocks are exposed on these scarps and the occurrence of this diverse assemblage on small-throw faults indicates that the crust is thin and/or discontinuous in this environment. We suggest that this complex igneous assemblage is the product of anomalous accretionary processes that are characteristic of slowly-slipping RTR plate boundaries.     

Geotraverse across the Sikhote Alin — The Sea of Japan — The Honshu Island — The Pacific

The paper presents the results of geological-geophysical research carried out during the Soviet-Japanese cooperative study of the structure and dynamics of the Earth's crust and upper mantle in the transition zone from the Pacific Ocean to the Asian continent. The 300 km deep geological-geophysical section of the tectonosphere (geotraverse) has been compiled on the basis of combined interpretations of seismic, geological, petrographic, gravimetric, magnetometric, electromagnetic and heat flow measurements. Estimates were made of deep temperatures along the geotraverse and of the depths of the partial melting level that can be identified with the upper boundary of the asthenosphere.     

海洋测绘中影像图与港口航道图的镶嵌技术运用

文中介绍陆地影像图与港口航道图镶嵌的制图工艺,影像图与港口航道图镶嵌后的成图质量评价。简单阐述了作者在绘制该图种过程中的一些体会,以及影像图取代现有港口航道图上陆地地形的可行性。     

The geology of the Oceanographer Transform: The ridge-transform intersection

Seven dives in the submersible ALVIN and four deep-towed (ANGUS) camera lowerings have been made at the eastern ridge-transform intersection of the Oceanographer Transform with the axis of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. These data constrain our understanding of the processes that create and shape the distinctive morphology that is characteristic of slowly-slipping ridge-transform-ridge plate boundaries. Although the geological relationships observed in the rift valley floor in the study area are similar to those reported for the FAMOUS area, we observe a distinct change in the character of the rift valley floor with increasing proximity to the transform. Over a distance of approximately ten kilometers the volcanic constructional terrain becomes increasingly more disrupted by faulting and degraded by mass wasting. Moreover, proximal to the transform boundary, faults with orientations oblique to the trend of the rift valley are recognized. The morphology of the eastern rift valley wall is characterized by inward-facing scarps that are ridge-axis parallel, but the western rift valley wall, adjacent to the active transform zone, is characterized by a complex fault pattern defined by faults exhibiting a wide range of orientations. However, even for transform parallel faults no evidence for strike-slip displacement is observed throughout the study area and evidence for normal (dip-slip) displacement is ubiquitous. Basalts, semi-consolidated sediments (chalks, debris slide deposits) and serpentinized ultramafic rocks are recovered from localities within or proximal to the rift valley. The axis of accretion-principal transform displacement zone intersection is not clearly established, but appears to be located along the E-W trending, southern flank of the deep nodal basin that defines the intersection of the transform valley with the rift floor.