Distribution and characteristics of volcanic reservoirs in China

About forty productive oil/gas fields hosted in volcanic reservoirs have been found since 1957 in fourteen basins of China. They can be simply subdivided into two groups, the east and the west. Reservoir volcanic rocks of the east group are predominantly composed of Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous rhyolite and Tertiary basalt, preferred being considered as rift type volcanics developed in the circum-Pacific tectonic regime. Those of the west are Permo-Carboniferous intermediate/basic volcanic rocks, being island-arc type ones developed in paleo-Asian Ocean tectonic regime.     

西天山温泉布拉格达瓦一带托斯库尔他乌组沉积特征及构造环境分析

西天山温泉地区广泛发育泥盆—石炭纪火山—沉积地层,布拉格达瓦一带出露的托斯库尔他乌组发育一套由滨海间夹陆相—滨浅海相—浅海相过渡的碎屑岩夹火山碎屑岩的沉积建造,沉积物源主要为中酸性火山岩,碎屑颗粒沉积速度较快,属于近源沉积,蚀源区构造环境具活动性质,形成于未切割的活动岛弧。火山岩呈夹层、透镜体状分布于托斯库尔他乌组地层中,火山作用具周期性间歇喷发的特征,岩相表现为爆发—喷溢—沉积—爆发—沉积—爆发的周期性特点。火山岩属钙碱性岩石系列,火山岩浆对应的俯冲深度为上地幔。火山岩微量元素Nb,Sr,P,Ti,Ba为亏损型,Th,Zr元素富集,与岛弧环境密切相关;Nb/Ta为11.96~15.19,略低于原始地幔值,Zr/Hf为30.17~38.20,与原始地幔值相近。稀土总量∑REE为(186.57~208.58)×10^-6,轻重稀土比值为5.38~6.13;(Ce/Yb)_N为3.90~4.48,(La/Yb)_N为4.67~6.70,δEu为0.28~0.49,属于轻稀土富集型,显示为负铕异常。根据沉积物源区分析及主、微量元素特征,结合区域构造背景,认为晚泥盆世托斯库尔他乌组沉积建造所反映的构造环境为消减带俯冲碰撞的岛弧环境。     

浙江早白垩世晚期火山活动与火山—沉积岩系地层划分

系统研究浙江下白垩统“永康群”、“横山组”火山—沉积岩系地层层序，岩石组合，古生物，火山岩同位素年龄和岩石化学、地球化学资料表明：浙江永康群中火山岩成岩时间在距今115～100Ma之间，属早白垩世晚期。火山岩具双峰式特征。大致以江山—上虞和景宁—宁海一线为界，分成衢州—诸暨、永康—宁波、文成—临海3个火山活动带，自西向东火山活动渐次增强，火山活动起始时间稍有后移。根据火山—沉积岩系岩石组合，古生物群特征，火山岩同位素年龄及古地磁资料，提出横山组、中截组、永康群和文成群是早白垩世晚期同一构造发展阶段的产物。     

冀中黄骅坳陷古近纪火山岩地球化学特征及大地构造意义

冀中、黄骅坳陷的火山岩主要发育于古近纪的断陷期,分为Ek Es4,Es2 Es3,Es1 Ed三期.火山岩的岩石系列主要为碱性玄武岩系列,古近纪晚期逐渐向拉斑玄武岩过渡;稀土元素特征同大陆裂谷碱性玄武岩的配分模式一致,为轻稀土富集型.通过岩石地球化学特征分析和大地构造讨论,阐释了研究区古近纪火山活动的构造背景和成因机制.     

Characteristics of helium isotopes in natural gas and its tectonic implication in Bohai Bay Basin

1 INTRODUCTION Helium is a trace element in natural gas and the lightest element of all rare gases. It is formed during natural nuclear processes and it is chemi- cally stable. Because of its strong diffusibility and permeability, it is used as a very sen…     

Division and correlation of Yixian Formation in western Liaoning,China

The Yixian Formation is a series of volcanic-sedimentary rocks in Biepiao area of Liaoning Province.It is mainly composed of basic and intermediate-basic volcanic lava,pyroclasts and terrestrial sedimentary rocks.Based on the regularity of volcanic activity,the Yixian Formation was divided by the present authors into four members in ascending order:the first member is of basal conglomerate,basic and intermediate-basic volcanic rocks;the second member is of lake phrase sedimentary rocks,or in another word,precious fossil-rich sedimentary beds;the third is of basic volcanic rocks;and the fourth is of upper conglomerate.Field mapping and comprehensive study also indicate that there are abundant vertebrate fossils (mainly of Psittacosaurus) in the first member of the Yixian Formation,and the Jehol Biota (including Sinosauropterxy,Confuciusorns sanctus,Archaefructus,etc.) is yielded in the second member of Yixian Formation.From west to east,the volcanic activity of Yixian Formation changed regularly from early to late,and from basic and intermediate-basic to acid (alkali).     

阿吾拉勒山西段二叠纪火山岩组合与构造环境分析

阿吾拉勒山体西段发育了厚度巨大的下二叠统火山岩,这些火山岩均属碱性玄武岩系列,以钾质类型为主,钠质类型次之,岩浆演化呈现出跨越B型趋势。这种火山活动是在大陆地壳内部产生的,代表了陆内裂谷演化的早期阶段。在早二叠世末期,由于受到新源运动的影响,这种火山活动被终止了。     

中亚成矿域Erdenet斑岩型铜钼矿床和Oyu Tolgoi斑岩型铜金矿床对比

中亚成矿域位于北侧西伯利亚克拉通、南侧华北—塔里木克拉通及西侧东欧克拉通之间,与环太平洋成矿域和特提斯成矿域并称为全球三大成矿域,发育有一系列大型—超大型斑岩型铜金、斑岩型铜(金、钼)及斑岩型铜钼矿床。对比研究了中亚成矿域两个典型斑岩型矿床——Erdenet斑岩型铜钼矿床与Oyu Tolgoi斑岩型铜金矿床的矿床地质特征和与成矿相关的岩石地球化学特征异同。结果表明:Erdenet斑岩型铜钼矿床成矿斑岩岩性主要是花岗岩和花岗闪长岩,同时代发育的火山岩主要是安山岩、英安岩和流纹岩,属于钙碱性—高钾钙碱性系列;Oyu Tolgoi斑岩型铜金矿床成矿斑岩则主要是石英二长闪长岩,矿化后期的花岗闪长斑岩仅发育有弱矿化作用,同时代火山岩以英安质-玄武质岩石为主,主要属于高钾钙碱性系列。这两个矿床与成矿相关的岩石微量和稀土元素配分特征相似,均显示弧岩浆岩地球化学特征,但Erdenet斑岩型铜钼矿床显示出高Sr/Y和La/Yb值及低相容元素(Cr、Ni)含量,且与Oyu Tolgoi斑岩型铜金矿床相比,Erdenet斑岩型铜钼矿床具有相对富集的Sr-Nd-Hf同位素组成。结合区域地质背景资料认为:Erdenet斑岩型铜钼矿床成矿斑岩源于加厚新生下地壳物质的部分熔融作用,形成于蒙古—鄂霍茨克洋西段演化末期的陆缘弧环境;而Oyu Tolgoi斑岩型铜金矿床成矿斑岩源于亏损地幔物质的分离结晶作用,形成于与古亚洲洋北向俯冲有关的大洋岛弧环境;不同的构造背景形成了这两类具不同特征的斑岩型矿床。     

西湖凹陷天台斜坡带火山机构三维雕刻及成因机制解析

西湖凹陷天台斜坡区火成岩发育尤为丰富,其发育与分布对盆内储层改造、构造演化都有着重要影响。依据区内地震特征和构造环境,划分出中心式、裂隙式2种喷发类型;采用振幅－方差体地震属性分级－拾取－融合技术,系统刻画区内火成岩的三维时空展布以及火山喷发时期,发现区内火成岩具有始新世至中新世多期间歇性发育特征,且火山机构富集于天台斜坡西南部;在区内建立了中心式和裂隙式2种喷发模式,认为这些模式的建立对于正确预测火成岩的分布具有重要意义;最后对火成岩的成因机制进行了解析与探讨,发现区内火山活动与板块构造运动相互影响、火山的时空展布与断裂也具有一定的配置关系,认为裂隙式喷发可能会形成优势的油气运移通道,中心式喷发则有利于形成良好的储集空间。基于此,我们将更容易找到区内有效的火成岩储层,对油气勘探具有重要的指示作用。      

青海省都兰县哈茨谱山北铜铅银金多金属矿矿床地质特征及成因探讨

哈茨谱山北矿区位于青海省都兰县东部,其大地构造位置处于秦祁昆晚加里东造山系、东昆北造山带、祁漫塔格-都兰造山亚带的东段,区内构造活动和岩浆活动强烈。铜铅银金多金属矿矿床赋存于晚志留世英云闪长岩中,矿体产出严格受断裂构造控制,并受火山热液的叠加。矿体形态呈脉状、透镜状。通过对矿区内地层、控矿构造、侵入岩、矿体特征和矿石质量的分析论述,认为该矿床为中—低温火山期后热液型铜铅多金属矿床。     

The Cenozoic Volcanoes in Northeast China

There are more than 600 Cenozoic volcanic cones and craters with abeut 50 000 km2of lava flows in northeast China, which formed many volcanic clusters and shown the features of the continental rift - type volcanoes. Most volcanic activities in this area, especially in the east part of Songliao graben, were usually controlled by rifts and faults with the main direction of NE / NNE in parallel and become younger from the central graben towards its both sides, especially to the east continental margin. It is revealed that the volcanism occurred in northeast China was as strong as that occurred in Japan during the Miocene and the Quaternary. The Quaternary basalt that is usually distributed along river valley is called "valley basalt"while Neogene basalt usually distributed in the top of mounts is called "high position basalt". These volcanoes and volcanic rocks are usually composed of alkaline basalts with ultramafic inclusions, except Changbaishan volcano that is built by trachyte and pantellerite.     

库米什地区火山岩岩石地球化学特征及大地构造环境

库米什地区火山岩属该区蛇绿岩套的组成部分,形成于晚泥盆世,以中性和酸性岩石为主,火山碎屑岩较发育,具有钙碱性火山岩套的特征。岩套内的沉积夹层具有远海沉积的性质。火山岩岩石化学特征属钙碱性系列;微量元素地球化学证明岩浆起源于消减板块之上的地幔楔形区;稀有元素地球化学特征与安山岩的特征相符。综合分析这些证据发现,该区火山岩形成于弧后盆地环境。     

鲁东即墨地区八亩地组火山岩及其内部砂岩特征

鲁东即墨地区广泛分布以安山岩、安山质集块角砾(熔)岩等为主的八亩地组中—基性火山岩,对应的八亩地旋回是区内火山岩的鼎盛期,包括了溢流相—爆发相—强爆发、溢流相交替—潜火山岩相侵位的全部活动过程。其内部的沉积相砂岩以肠状—团块状、夹层及脉状3种状态产出,对于了解八亩地组火山岩岩相特征,喷发序列及构造活动历史等具有一定的帮助作用。     

西天山温泉地区奥陶纪侵入岩地球化学特征及成因探讨

西天山温泉地区是以温泉岩群为基底的古老地块,岩浆活动强烈,发育大量不同期次花岗岩类,奥陶纪侵入岩为一套准铝质过铝质钙碱性岩石,(La/Yb)N值为6.22～13.02,轻稀土元素富集,δEu为0.77～0.96,具轻微负Eu异常,微量元素中富集Sr、Ba等大离子亲石元素,亏损Th、Nb、P、Ti等高场强元素,属于中等分...     

桂南断裂构造和微粒型金矿的关系

燕山期由于受华夏构造自东向西仰冲作用的影响、改造作西侧伏的海西、印支褶皱带形成ＮＥ向分布、断面南倾、向西南撒开、向北东收敛,形如帚状推覆断裂带,在靠近收敛部分控制着金矿的分布。印支期金矿和碳酸盐台地礁岩的消失、礁前滑脱砾岩和火山碎屑浊积岩系上超盆地的复合、有机质的热解、分异有关,形成成岩—后生矿床;燕山晚期金矿以改造作用为主,形成后生矿床。     

胶北臧家庄盆地中生代火山岩及火山活动特征

通过对胶北臧家庄盆地中生代火山岩系的构造位置、产出状态、岩石特征、地球化学特征、相序列组合及同位素年龄等资料的综合分析，结合区域构造特征，认为其属中国东部中生代火山岩带之桃村—莱阳火山 沉积盆地构造组成部分；岩石类型为玄武岩、安山岩、英安岩及流纹岩等，属钙碱性系列，按相序列可划分为安山质岩系、英安质岩系及凝灰质粘土岩三个相组；构成两个火山旋回。     

甘肃北山碱泉子火山岩地球化学特征及地质意义

甘肃北山碱泉子地区志留系公婆泉群岩石组合为石英杂砂岩、含砾粗砂岩夹薄层灰岩、凝灰质砂岩、粉砂岩、砂质板岩和少量火山岩,粉砂岩中局部具鲍马层序。火山岩岩石化学分析数据显示,其主量、微量元素特征与岛弧火山岩地球化学特征有明显差异,说明其不是岛弧环境的产物。前人认为结晶灰岩中产出的珊瑚化石是Altaja,将时代定为志留纪。此次工作重新采集鉴定为Dohophyllum reticulatum Fomitchev(网状顿河珊瑚),? Paracarruthersella sp.(? 拟卡鲁特珊瑚)并鉴定出有孔虫,时代应为晚石炭世。因此,结合化石时代和火山岩的地球化学特征,认为整个北山地区,红柳河-牛圈子-洗肠井蛇绿岩带以南没有岛弧火山岩的出露,预示着该地区古生代构造演化过程中不存在有向南俯冲的火山岩证据,这对完善北山古生代构造演化格架具有重要的指示意义。      

Characteristics and tectonic setting of volcanic rocks in Early Cretaceous Baiyingaolao Formation of Keyouzhongqi area，Inner Mongolia

The authors studied zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating,the zircon Hf isotope and geochemistry of acidic volcanic rocks in Baiyingaolao Formation of Keyouzhongqi area,Inner Mongolia,and discussed the chronology, source region and tectonic setting of the volcanic rocks in the studied area． The clear oscillatory zoning of zir- cons indicates a typical magmatic origin,and the results of dating show that the volcanic rocks of Baiyingaolao Formation were formed in Early Cretaceous (121.5 ±1.0 Ma)． The features of major and trace elements show that the rocks are alkali-rich,poor in calcium and magnesium with enrichment in LILEs like Th,U,K and Gd and depletion in HFSEs,e.g. Nb,Ta,Sr and Ti． The fact implies that they were the products of partial melting of the crust． εHf(t) = ( +6.30--+9.06) and TDM2=600--835 Ma,suggest the magma originated from par- tial melting of the young crust． Combined with the evolution of regional tectonic structure,the authors conclude that the acidic volcanic rocks of Baiyingaolao Formation may be formed under the extensional environment relat- ed to the subduction of Paleo-Pacific Plate．     

对遂昌治岭头金矿的几点看法

治岭头金矿在构造研究,成矿及其时代等问题,一直存在不同看法,90年代前绝大多数同志认为,该处属较老时代的金矿。目前已由不同阶段成矿到与火山热液及地下热水成矿有关的几种较年青金矿的看法。本文从构造分析、火山周边断裂矿化及矿石绝对年龄样成果,提出该区金矿与火山热液关系的密切,成矿时代属燕山晚期（相当中下白垩世）。     

辽北法库城子山一带硅灰石矿床地质特征

法库城子山一带硅灰石矿床分布在吉黑地槽南缘调兵山背斜，赋存于早古生代富拉堡子岩组与岩体接触带附近，属接触变质型矿床。区域上构成了东、西两个硅灰石矿带。矿石类型有： 致密块状硅灰石－ 方解石－ 石英型， 硅灰石－ 石英型， 巨晶硅灰石－ 方解石型等三种类型。其主要围岩蚀变为硅灰石化、硅化、碳酸盐化、绿泥石化及角岩化，局部见矽卡岩化。富硅灰岩－ 三叠世侵入岩－ 构造裂隙系统是主要控矿因素。