GAMIT软件中不同星历对GPS/BDS数据定位的影响

为掌握星历误差对GAMIT软件解算GPS/BDS数据定位的影响,选取不同精密星历分析长基线和短基线条件下,获得基线解算精度和点位坐标精度,结果表明:①不同的精密星历对GPS解算和短基线的BDS解算影响不大,可采用超快速精密星历;②对于长基线的BDS解算,要顾及北斗参考站数据的质量以及站间的兼容性和空间位置,需要调整站点...     

不同星历和钟差产品的PPP验潮试验及结果分析

基于动态精密单点定位(PPP)技术,借助研制的PPP软件,采用IGR、IGU等快速星历和钟差产品,进行了海上船载PPP验潮试验,并对其精度进行了分析。结果表明:与传统RTK验潮技术相比,海上PPP验潮的精度优于0.1m,能够满足海上OBC地震勘探等工作对潮汐数据的精度要求;基于IGU星历的PPP验潮方法的时延较短,更加符合海洋潮汐数据的时效性需求。     

GPS技术在杭州湾跨海大桥首级控制网测量中的应用

应用GPS技术对杭州湾跨海大桥进行首级控制网测量,结果表明:(1)合理布设GPS控制网,并采用设置深桩固埋测量标志、增加有效观测时间、加强数据可靠性与精确性的检验、选择科学及合理的坐标系统等方法,可提高观测数据的质量和精度。同时,对观测数据采用Bernese高精度基线处理软件和精密星历进行基线解算、网平差和坐标转换,保证了杭州湾跨海大桥首级控制网的精度在厘米级之内,使成果的质量达到优良。(2)Bernese基线数据的闭合环及复测基线的检核表明:同步环、异步环闭合差量值及复测基线互差量值全部符合限差要求,且在允许值的1/3以内的基线环数分别占93.3%、77.7%和100%,其成果精度达到优良。(3)GPS控制网的控制点点位的中误差全部满足±20mm的技术设计要求,并且有96.6%的控制点点位中误差在限差的1/3范围以内,精度较高。使用精密星历和广播星历两种不同的数据处理方法进行数据处理,其坐标互差吻合得较好,全部互差值均在限差允许值的1/2范围以内,且使用精密星历计算的成果精度明显高于使用广播星历计算的成果精度。     

无验潮水深测量系统定位精度检验

利用无验潮水深测量系统定位设备,采集了静态和动态两组定位数据,从静态和动态定位两个方面分析了不同长度基线的解算结果。结果表明:基线长度在40km范围以内,定位结果完全满足无验潮水深测量系统的±10cm的测量精度要求。     

海洋测绘中精密单点定位精度适用性分析

目前IGS共提供6类精度和时效性不同的精密星历产品,为了验证不同精度和时效性的IGS精密星历产品在海洋测绘中的适用情况,使用6类不同的IGS精密星历产品,分别对固定点观测数据和海上浮动点观测数据进行精密单点定位解算,并对解算结果分别进行比对分析和统计。固定点比对结果表明,IGS和IGR精密星历精密单点定位解算在平面位置方向均能达到平均8厘米的外符合精度,IGU00至IGU18精密单点定位解算精度稍差,平面外符合精度在10～13cm,且精度随着发布时间的推迟而提高;PPP潮位的解算结果表明,从IGS至IGU18,高程方向的解算精度相当,和固定潮位站的数据相比,均方根差在16～18cm。     

GPS/BDS空间可见性与GDOP分析

先给出了卫星可见性模型,然后给出了GPS/BDS组合几何精度因子(GDOP)计算公式,通过近期一组实测的GPS与BDS星历计算了全球范围内不同观测高度处的组合星座卫星可见性与GDOP值,揭示了卫星可见性与GDOP值随空间观测高度变化的规律。     

GPS卫星星历计算的研究

针对目前存在的两种GPS卫星星历，分别给出了计算卫星星历的方法，并结合实际观测数据进行了比较，给出了比较结果，得出了星历精度的有益结论。     

基于单组广播星历的GPS卫星在轨位置的拟合计算

对只接收到一组GPS卫星广播星历的情况下应用广播星历拟合计算卫星在轨位置的方法进行了研究，通过与精密星历进行比较，对拟合计算的精度进行了说明。     

GPS监测站伪距观测量评定广播星历精度的研究

论述了GPS监测站伪距观测量评定广播星历精度的基本方法。同时,分析并计算得出:利用GPS监测站载波相位观测量平滑伪距能明显提高伪距观测量评定广播星历的精度。采用2004年7月19日拉萨站伪距观测量对IGS提供的广播星历的精度进行了评定,实验结果表明,广播星历提供的卫星轨道精度从总体上达到3m左右。     

广义延拓插值在卫星精密星历插值中的应用

在GPS单点定位和相对定位中都需要不断计算卫星的坐标。IGS提供的精密星历为15min间隔，要得到更小间隔的数据，就要进行插值。利用广义延拓插值进行GPS精密星历插值，探讨插值精度与三个参数的关系，并与Lagrange多项式插值和三角插值结果进行比较。结果表明，广义延拓插值法具有较高的精度，完全适用于精密星历的插值。     

GPS positioning accuracy using precise real‐time ephemeris and clock correction

Global positioning system (GPS) has found applications in various areas including marine geodesy. GPS positioning accuracy, however, is greatly degraded by GPS ephemeris and clock errors, particularly errors due to Selective Availability (SA). Thus, it is crucial to use precise ephemeris and clock corrections for users who require high position accuracy. Presently, precise ephemeris and clock corrections are available only in post‐mission. This paper investigates the generation of precise real‐time ephemeris and clock corrections and the positioning accuracy using them. In this research, precise real‐time ephemeris is generated from accurate dynamic orbit prediction and clock corrections are calculated using instantaneous GPS measurements. Numerical analysis using data from an actual GPS tracking network is performed that indicates use of precise ephemeris and clock corrections can improve the positioning accuracy to the one meter level. This accuracy is attainable in real‐time as the precise real‐time ephemeris and clock corrections become available in the future.     

Evaluation of vertical crustal movements and sea level changes around Greenland from GPS and tide gauge observations

To better monitor the vertical crustal movements and sea level changes around Greenland, multiple data sources were used in this paper, including global positioning system(GPS), tide gauge, satellite gravimetry, satellite altimetry, glacial isostatic adjustment(GIA). First, the observations of more than 50 GPS stations from the international GNSS service(IGS) and Greenland network(GNET) in 2007–2018 were processed and the common mode error(CME) was eliminated with using the principal component analysis(PCA). The results show that all GPS stations show an uplift trend and the stations in southern Greenland have a higher vertical speed. Second, by deducting the influence of GIA, the impact of current Gr IS mass changes on GPS stations was analysed, and the GIA-corrected vertical velocity of the GPS is in good agreement with the vertical velocity obtained by gravity recovery and climate experiment(GRACE). Third, the absolute sea level change around Greenland at 4 gauge stations was obtained by combining relative sea level derived from tide gauge observations and crustal uplift rates derived from GPS observations, and was validated by sea level products of satellite altimetry. The results show that although the mass loss of Gr IS can cause considerable global sea level rise, eustatic movements along the coasts of Greenland are quite complex under different mechanisms of sea level changes.     

基于双频P码的GPS伪距单点定位研究及精度分析

首先给出了GPS伪距单点定位的几种主要误差的改正模型：电离层延迟、对流层延迟、地球自转改正、相对论效应改正等，然后采用双频伪距改正电离层延迟影响并利用IGS精密星历，通过算例来分析双频P码伪距单点定位的精度。     

Determination of Ocean Tide Loading Displacement by GPS PPP with Priori Information Constraint of NAO99b Global Ocean Tide Model

The published global ocean tide models show good agreement in deep oceans and exhibit differences in complex coastal areas, along with subsequent Ocean Tide Loading Displacement (OTLD) modeling differences. Meanwhile, OTLD parameters (amplitudes and phase lags) derived by Global Positioning System (GPS) Precise Point Positioning (PPP) approach need long time to converge to a stable state and show poor precision of S2, K1, and K2 constituents. Based on the fact that no constraint is imposed in the current kinematic solution, a new method is put forward, in which global ocean tide model predictions are taken as the priori information constraints to speed up the convergence rate and improve the accuracy of the GPS-derived OTLD parameters. First, the data of tide gauge from 01 January 2014 to 31 December 2016 are used to generate the harmonic parameters to evaluate the accuracy of six global ocean tide models and a regional ocean tide model (osu.chinesea.2010). Osu.chinesea.2010 model shows good agreement with the tide gauge results, while NAO99b model presents relatively large difference. The predictions from osu.chinesea.2010 and NAO99b model are employed as reference and the prior information, respectively. Second, continuous observations of 12 GPS sites during 2006–2013 in Hong Kong are collected to generate three dimensional OTLD amplitudes and phase lags of eight constituents using PPP with prior information constraints approach and harmonic analysis. Third, comparing the convergence time of eight constituents from PPP without and with priori information constraints approaches, the results show that the new method can significantly improve the convergence rate of OTLD amplitude estimates which obtain a certain level of stability seven years earlier than that derived by the PPP without priori information constraints. Precision of OTLD parameters derived by the new method is about 1 mm. By comparing with the precision of single PPP approach, the accuracy of eight constituents has been improved, especially for S2, K1, and K2 constituents. Finally, through comparing the different correction effects of OTLD estimates on the coordinates and their time series of the ground GPS stations, the results show that OTLD estimates derived by the new approach have similar influence as the osu.chinasea.2010 ocean tide model. The new method provides an effective means to improve the convergence and precision of the GPS-derived OTLD parameters, and achieve a similar correction as the high precision ocean tide model.     

IGS快速精密星历与事后精密星历的定位精度分析

针对是否能用IGS快速精密星历代替最终精密星历进行定位的问题,论文通过静态、动态两类实验,从内符合、外符合精度两个方面详细比较了两种星历产品的定位效果。实验结果表明:IGS快速精密星历的定位精度与事后精密星历的定位精度都非常高,且两种产品对应定位结果差异为毫米级,因此可采用快速精密星历代替事后精密星历进行定位解算,而不必担心精度损失。     

Accuracy assessment of GPS/Acoustic positioning using a Seafloor Acoustic Transponder System

The accuracy of GPS/Acoustic positioning is crucial for monitoring seafloor crustal deformation. However, the slant range residual is currently the only indicator used to evaluate the precision of positioning seafloor transponders. This study employs a unique Seafloor Acoustic Transponder System (SATS) to evaluate the accuracy of GPS/Acoustic seafloor positioning. The SATS has three transponders and an attitude sensor in a single unit, which provides true lengths of transponder baselines and true attitude of the SATS to ensure assessment reliability and validity. The proposed approach was tested through a GPS/Acoustic experiment, in which an off-the-shelf acoustic system was used to collect range measurements. Using GPS/Acoustic geodetic observations, the positions of three transponders on the SATS were estimated by an optimization technique combined with ray-tracing calculations. The accuracy of the GPS/Acoustic seafloor positioning is assessed by comparing the true baselines and attitude with the results derived from the position estimates of the three transponders. A sensitivity analysis is conducted to investigate the robustness of the GPS/Acoustic positioning results to changes of sound speed. Experimental results demonstrate that the use of the SATS can help to assess the validity of the GPS and acoustic travel time measurements in the GPS/Acoustic seafloor positioning.