西昆仑库孜——带长城纪火山岩地球化学特征及地质意义

西昆仑库孜一带长城纪赛图拉岩群为一套火山熔岩-火山碎屑岩-沉积岩组合,火山岩主体为中酸性岩。通过对该地区长城纪火山岩分布特征、岩石学特征及地球化学特征进行分析研究,划分了2个火山喷发旋回。2个喷发旋回岩性无明显区别,均为一套中酸性火山熔岩、火山碎屑岩、沉积岩建造。第一喷发旋回自下而上见7个喷发韵律,爆发指数为41.70%,喷溢指数24.51%,该旋回岩相总体表现为爆发—喷溢—沉积—爆发—沉积—爆发的特点;第二喷发旋回自下而上见4个喷发韵律,爆发指数为46.67%,喷溢指数为18.15%,该旋回岩相总体表现为爆发—沉积—爆发—沉积—爆发的特点,揭示了西昆仑库孜一带古塔里木陆块裂解古洋盆的演化特征,对研究该地区古陆块裂解具有一定的借鉴意义。     

西昆仑库孜一带长城纪火山岩地球化学特征及地质意义

西昆仑库孜一带长城纪赛图拉岩群为一套火山熔岩-火山碎屑岩-沉积岩组合,火山岩主体为中酸性岩。通过对该地区长城纪火山岩分布特征、岩石学特征及地球化学特征进行分析研究,划分了2个火山喷发旋回。2个喷发旋回岩性无明显区别,均为一套中酸性火山熔岩、火山碎屑岩、沉积岩建造。第一喷发旋回自下而上见7个喷发韵律,爆发指数为41.70%,喷溢指数24.51%,该旋回岩相总体表现为爆发—喷溢—沉积—爆发—沉积—爆发的特点;第二喷发旋回自下而上见4个喷发韵律,爆发指数为46.67%,喷溢指数为18.15%,该旋回岩相总体表现为爆发—沉积—爆发—沉积—爆发的特点,揭示了西昆仑库孜一带古塔里木陆块裂解古洋盆的演化特征,对研究该地区古陆块裂解具有一定的借鉴意义。     

基于常规测井的火成岩岩性识别方法——以准噶尔盆地西北缘红车断裂带石炭系火成岩储层为例

石炭系火成岩储层是准噶尔盆地油气勘探开发的重要方向之一.以准噶尔盆地西北缘红车断裂带石炭系火成岩储层为主要研究对象,基于薄片鉴定、取心分析及测录井等资料,分析研究区的7种优势岩性及测井响应特征,采用多参数分布交会法,建立自然伽马—密度、中子孔隙度—密度和自然伽马—构建参数交会图版,预测优势岩性的平面分布.结果表明:研究区优势岩性为玄武岩、安山岩、火山角砾岩、凝灰岩、凝灰质砂砾岩、凝灰质细砂岩和沉凝灰岩;优势火成岩岩性具有局部发育的分布特征,以凝灰质为主的岩性(凝灰岩、凝灰质砂砾岩和凝灰质细砂岩)主要分布于研究区北部和主断层东侧,火山熔岩(玄武岩、安山岩)和火山角砾岩主要分布于研究区主断层西侧.多参数分步交会法可有效应用于研究区优势火成岩岩性识别,为利用常规测井资料有效识别火成岩岩性提供一种方法.     

三塘湖盆地马朗凹陷哈尔加乌组火山岩旋回与期次划分

为研究三塘湖盆地马朗凹陷哈尔加乌组火山岩油气藏的分布特征,需对火山岩的旋回和期次进行划分。通过薄片鉴
定、单井喷发韵律识别、电性特征分析和地震反射特征分析对哈尔加乌组火山岩旋回和期次进行了厘定,认为哈尔加乌组火山岩
主要为熔岩类和火山碎屑岩类,发育溢流相、由爆发相过渡为溢流相、爆发相、熔岩与火山碎屑岩或沉火山碎屑岩互层4种韵律类
型,其中溢流相为主要韵律类型。对不同韵律进行组合,可将哈尔加乌组火山岩划分为4个喷发期次,4个喷发期次又可以组合为
2个喷发亚旋回,该时期火山喷发主要呈现出喷发-宁静-喷发-宁静的过程。      

西祁连清水沟地区火山岩岩石学特征及旋回研究

西祁连当金山清水沟一带的寒武纪火山岩发育在寒武纪拉配泉岩群火山岩组。对该火山岩分布特征和岩石学特征进行了研究,划分了3类火山岩岩相:爆发相、沉积相、喷溢相,并对火山岩喷发旋回进行了研究,揭示了当金山地区地层演化特征,对火山岩区域对比及火山机构恢复具有一定的指导意义。     

北祁连阿柔地区奥陶纪火山岩岩石学特征及其喷发旋回研究

北祁连阿柔地区奥陶纪火山岩分布广泛,发育在早奥陶世阴沟组和晚奥陶世抠门子组。对北祁连阿柔地区奥陶纪火山岩分布特征和岩石学特征进行了研究,划分了3类火山岩岩相：爆发相、喷溢相、喷发沉积相。并划分了2个火山岩喷发旋回：阴沟旋回和扣门子旋回。揭示了阿柔地区祁连洋（裂谷）演化特征,对北祁连地区火山岩区域对比及火山机构恢复具有一定的指导意义。     

准噶尔盆地车排子凸起石炭系储层主控因素及发育模式

石炭系是准噶尔盆地车排子凸起发育的一套重要勘探层系。利用录测井、岩石薄片、扫描电镜及地震等资料,分析石炭系储层发育特征与主控因素,建立研究区石炭系储层发育模式。结果表明:车排子凸起东翼与西翼石炭系储层类型不同,凸起东翼以火山岩储层为主,岩性为火山角砾岩、凝灰岩、安山岩、玄武岩,沉积岩类储层不发育;凸起西翼火山岩及火山沉积岩储层发育,岩性以凝灰岩与凝灰质砂岩为主。岩性岩相、风化淋滤与构造运动等因素控制储层的发育,车排子凸起发育两类储层模式,即凸起东翼发育裂缝—风化壳主导型储层模式,凸起西翼发育岩性—裂缝主导型储层模式。该结果可指导车排子凸起石炭系储层的勘探部署。     

深层火山岩地球化学特征及沉积古环境——以松辽盆地北部徐家围子断陷兴城地区为例

以松辽盆地北部徐家围子断陷兴城地区深层火山岩为研究对象,考虑埋藏成岩、后期蚀变、风化淋滤作用等影响因素,分析10件样品的岩石学和地球化学特征,判别火山岩堆积、保存时的古地理环境.结果表明:研究区火山岩岩石类型丰富,从基性玄武岩到中性安山岩和粗面岩,再到酸性流纹岩、霏细岩,以及熔结火山碎屑岩和正常火山碎屑岩均有发育.稀土...     

南堡5号构造带沙河街组火山岩储层特征及气藏勘探潜力分析

南堡凹陷5号构造带火山岩广泛发育,是油气富集的有利区域。利用地震识别、测井分析、岩心观察等技术,以及薄片分析、稀土元素与微量元素分析等方法,研究南堡5号构造带沙河街组火山岩的岩性、物性及分布规律。结果表明:火山岩发育受东、西两个火山构造控制,发育面积较大,西部火山构造以"丘状"酸性火山岩为主,东部火山构造以"层状"基性火山岩为主;火山岩储层主要发育原生的熔岩气孔、火山碎屑岩的粒间孔、次生的斑晶溶蚀孔、基质溶蚀孔、构造裂缝及晶间微裂缝等6种储集空间类型;储集物性主要表现为中—低孔、低渗储层。南堡5号构造带火山岩单体叠合面积大,与沙河街组三段、一段优质烃源岩直接接触,成藏条件十分有利。     

我省东部下白垩统东山组特征与盆地演化

一、东山组的岩性特征 1．东山组组成 东山组由灰绿、灰紫、灰黄色安山质集块岩、火山角砾岩、熔岩、凝灰岩、凝灰砂岩夹砂岩、粉砂岩、泥质岩、砾砂岩及含砾粗砂岩组成。其中,熔岩、集块岩可相变为火山角砾岩、凝灰岩等。岩性以中一中酸性火山碎屑岩夹正常沉积岩为主,顶部出现安山质、英安质熔岩,下部发育正常沉积岩。     

Silicon and oxygen isotopic composition of igneous rocks from the eastern Manus Basin

This paper reports silicon and oxygen isotopes of 20 kinds of igneous rocks and their major elements from the eastern Manus Basin. Combining silicon and oxygen isotopic data from other studies, we suppose that both δ30Si and δ18O values increase with the increasing of SiO2 content. It means that the fractionation of silicon and oxygen isotopes are affected by the silica content. The positive correlation between CaO/Al2O3 ratios and MgO and that between Si/Al and SiO2 content indicate that clinopyroxene is the predominant mineral phase in our samples. We suppose that the fractionation of silicon and oxygen isotopes are influenced by mineral fractional crystallization. Probably, it is due to their different silicon and oxygen bridges. In this study, the δ30Simean value=-0.17‰±0.17‰ and δ18Omean value= +6.07‰±0.57‰ are higher than normal δ30Si and δ18O values of mantle, and we propose that these igneous rocks in the eastern Manus Basin are affected by hydrothermal alteration.     

Micromorphological aspects of two forest soils development derived from igneous rocks in Lahijan, Iran

In order to characterize various micromorphologic properties of two forest soils derived from different parent rocks in Lahijan, and use the data collected from micromorphological analysis to interpret dominant pedogenic processes. Two representative soil pedons, granite (P1) and andesitic basalt (P2) were selected in a mountain landform with northwest aspect. Samples for thin section preparation were taken from each horizon by Kubiena boxes or clods. Micromorphological analysis of soils derived from these two soil pedons in eastern part of Lahijan (northern Iran) were conducted based on the physicochemical and mineralogical data. Micromorphological properties were characterized using a polarized light microscope under plain and cross light. Thin section study indicated that the nature of the parent material clearly affected the content of clay formation. It also showed that clay accumulation in the Bt horizons was not only due to clay illuviation (argillan), but that strong in situ weathering of primary minerals also contributed to the enrichment of clay in soils derived from andesitic basalt. Comparing the results of clay mineralogy obtained from X-ray diffraction (XRD) with microscopic studies revealed that birefringence fabric (b-fabric) of the groundmass was partly striated due to smectitic minerals in soil of andesitic basalt (Hapludalf), whereas speckled birefringence fabric was dominant in soil of granite (Udorthent) because of the absence of these minerals. We speculate that pores of skeletal fragments or microcracks in P1 were a place for illuvial clay protection. However, the main factor for illuvial clay film disruption (striation and deformation) was biological activity (faunal turbation and root pressure) in P1 and expandable minerals and faunal turbation in P2.     

Heterogenous zircons from Mesozoic igneous rocks in the North China Craton and their tectonic implications

Based on a synthesis of zircon inheritance from Mesozoic igneous rocks in the eastern portion of the North China Craton （NCC） , it is proposed that inherited zircons with Neoproterozoie ages identified from these rocks are of a heterogenous derivation from the Yangtze/South China block, rather than from the NCC itself. The mechanism that introduces these zircons incorporated into the NCC is likely by tectonic underplating during the Triassic continental subduction of the Yangtze block beneath the NCC. Tectonic addition of abundant crustal materials represented by the heterogenous zircons into the NCC, probably along Moho or weak interfaces within the NCC＇s crust, led to the crustal thickening in the NCC. These heterogenous materials, either as （partial） source rocks or as contaminants of the magmas generated during an extension environment following the crustal thickening, were reworked and therefore have significant contribution to petrogenesis of the Mesozoic igneous rocks. The crustal thickening resulted from the tectonic underplating, as indicated by the distribution extent of the heterogenous zircons, is spatially similar to that of the lithospheric thinning, with both mainly occurring in the eastern segment of the NCC. This is probably suggestive of an intrinsic relation between the thickening and thinning events during the Mesozoic evolution of the NCC.     

Heterogenous zircons from Mesozoic igneous rocks in the North China Craton and their tectonic implications

Based on a synthesis of zircon inheritance from Mesozoic igneous rocks in the eastern portion of the North China Craton (NCC) , it is proposed that inherited zircons with Neoproterozoic ages identified from these rocks are of a heterogenous derivation from the Yangtze /South China block, rather than from the NCC itself. The mechanism that introduces these zircons incorporated into the NCC is likely by tectonic underplating during the Triassic continental subduction of the Yangtze block beneath the NCC. Tectonic addition of abundant crustal materials represented by the heterogenous zircons into the NCC, probably along Moho or weak interfaces within the NCC's crust, led to the crustal thickening in the NCC. These heterogenous materials, either as ( partial) source rocks or as contaminants of the magmas generated during an extension environment following the crustal thickening, were reworked and therefore have significant contribution to petrogenesis of the Mesozoic igneous rocks. The crustal thickening resulted from the tectonic underplating, as indicated by the distribution extent of the heterogenous zircons, is spatially similar to that of the lithospheric thinning, with both mainly occurring in the eastern segment of the NCC. This is probably suggestive of an intrinsic relation between the thickening and thinning events during the Mesozoic evolution of the NCC.     

Determination of multi-component content and construction of digital cores based on CT grey thresholds of altered igneous rocks

Altered igneous reservoirs have low porosity and permeability, compact structure and certain heterogeneity. A simple digital core with certain generality and multi-parameter constraints can be constructed to characterize the microscopic pore structure and mineral composition. In this paper, based on core X-ray, CT images and whole-rock mineral analysis, threshold segmentation of mass content and grayscale distribution of various minerals in different lithologies of igneous rocks in the buried hi...     

巴西桑托斯盆地C区块火成岩发育特征及对油气成藏的影响

桑托斯盆地盐下碳酸盐储层中火成岩分布广泛,以盆地C区块为解剖区,通过对区内火成岩岩石学、年代学以及CO₂气体同位素测试分析等,明确了区内火成岩发育特征,剖析了其对油气成藏的影响。C区块至少经历了阿普特期和圣通-坎潘期2期岩浆活动,其中阿普特期岩浆以喷发岩为主,经历了多次喷发,并伴有多次侵入;圣通-坎潘期岩浆规模较小,侵入比较随机。阿普特期岩浆多次喷发改造古地形,形成局部凸起,促成并控制了Itapema组介壳灰岩的沉积发育,形成了巨厚的火山岩-介壳灰岩复合体,不仅造成了局部构造反转和圈闭高点迁移,而且也促成了Barra Velha组优质微生物灰岩的发育。区块北翼属早期古隆,Barra Velha组也发育一定规模微生物灰岩滩体。圣通-坎潘期及之后岩浆活动伴生的CO₂大规模侵入,对烃类流体进行萃取和抽提改造,形成含凝析油的CO₂气藏。      

Prediction of Young’s modulus of weathered igneous rocks using GRNN,RVM,and MPMR models with a new index

Young’s modulus(YM)of intact rock is an important parameter in the assessment of engineering behaviours of rock masses,and it cannot always be obtained in an economical and practical manner in laboratory experiments.The main purpose of this study is to examine the capability of the minimax probability machine regression(MPMR),relevance vector machine(RVM),and generalised regression neural network(GRNN)models for the prediction of YM.The other aim is to determine the usefulness of a new index,the n-durability index(ndrb),which is based on porosity and the slake durability index.According to the regression analysis performed in this study,the n-durability index as an explanatory parameter performs better than the P-wave velocity(Vp),porosity,and slake durability index in the models,considering the results herein as well as the existing literature.According to regression error characteristic curves,Taylor diagrams,and performance indices,the best prediction model is MPMR,while the worst is the GRNN model.Although GRNN is the worst of the soft computing models,its performance is slightly better than that of the multiple linear regression(MLR)model.According to the results of the study,the MPMR and RVM models with ndrb and Vp are successful tools that can predict the YM of igneous rock materials to different degrees.     

Mass balance of major elements in relation to weathering in soils developed on igneous rocks in a semiarid region, northwestern Iran

This study was conducted to evaluate the weathering intensity of the major soils developed on igneous rocks in semiarid region of northwestern Iran.Eight parent materials were selected including monzodiorite,alkali granite,granodiorite,syenite,pyroxene diorite,hornblende andesite,pyroxene andesite,and dacite.Representative soil profiles were described and soil samples were collected and analyzed for selected chemical and physical properties and total concentrations of major elements and Zr,V,Ti and Y.Bulk densities as well as Ti,Zr and V concentrations were used to estimate the strain factors and mass balance equations were used to quantify the net result of pedogenic weathering,i.e.elemental loss and gain.The results of clay content and pedogenic iron variability as well as index of compositional variability(ICV),chemical index of alteration(CIA) and,A-CN-K and MFW ternary plots showed that the soils developed on volcanic rocks(hornblende andesite> pyroxene andesite> dacite) were more weathered than those on the plutonic parent rocks(alkali granite,granodiorite,monzodiorite,syenite,pyroxene diorite).The results of mass balance calculations based on the strain factors revealed that the Ca and Na depleted during weathering progress mostly from plagioclase grains.In the semiarid regions Ca is precipitated as pedogenic calcite in the soil horizons.K and Mg depletion is less than Ca and Na especially in the profiles on the hornblende andesite with the highest clay and LOI content.The results of this study clearly suggest that the behavior of K and Mg during the weathering cannot only be explained by the disintegration of the primary minerals,since they are fixed on the secondary clay minerals.Iron did not change in the soils compared to the parent material and was precipitated as the pedogenic iron and conserved in the soil horizons.Overall,the results on the weathering indicators and major elements mass balance enrichment/depletion in the study area confirmed that the soil profiles developed on volcanic rocks are more weathered than those on the plutonic igneous rocks.     

Log evaluation of fractured igneous reservoirs in Songliao Basin

The petrophysical parameters are bad in most igneous reservoirs of Songliao Basin because of the very low porosity and permeability. The evaluation of igneous reservoirs has not been fully studied so far. The current technique of formation evaluation and interpretation used in sedimentary formations face a series of prob- lems and difficulties. In this study, The PCA was used to identify lithology, a multi-mineral model “QAPM” was proposed. “Surface effect” must be considered when evaluating saturation. A software “SIMPLE” was developed and was used to deal with the logging data in over 70 wells with good results were achieved.     

Log evaluation of fractured igneous reservoirs in Songliao Basin

The petrophysical parameters are bad in most igneous reservoirs of Songliao Basin because of the very low porosity and permeability. The evaluation of igneous reservoirs has not been fully studied so far. The current technique of formation evaluation and interpretation used in sedimentary formations face a series of problems and difficulties. In this study, The PCA was used to identify lithology, a multi-mineral model "QAPM" was proposed. "Surface effect" must be considered when evaluating saturation. A software "SIMPLE" was developed and was used to deal with the logging data in over 70 wells with good results were achieved.