λ-f域抛物Radon变换多次波压制方法

空间截断效应降低传统Radon变换压制多次波的精度.提出一种λ-f域抛物Radon变换方法,与传统最小二乘抛物Radon变换相比,地震数据变换到λ-f域后表现为直线的映射,更便于设计滤波函数,从而有效消除传统多次波压制过程中空间截断效应的影响.另外,新变量λ的引入,使Radon正反算子成为与频率无关的矩阵,可大幅度提高计算效率.理论模型和实际海洋地震数据多次波压制试算结果表明,提出的λ-f域抛物Radon变换法可有效实现多次波压制,提高地震数据的信噪比,具有较强的实用性.     

基于频率拓展的表面多次波压制方法

为消除多次波预测中多余的子波效应,拓宽地震数据的频带,使预测多次波的走时、振幅和相位与实际的多次波相吻合,根据原始数据,衍生频率拓展道等多道地震数据;根据最小二乘原则,得到自适应滤波器和压制多次波后的有效波数据。结果表明:基于频率拓展的多次波压制方法,能够有效压制多次波,提高地震资料的信噪比;对水平层状模型测试结果频谱分析,自适应相减后得到的有效波同预测的多次波相比,频带拓宽,高频能量增强;通过对SMAART模型测试,基于频率拓展的多次波压制方法在噪声较强的情况下,也能得到很好的多次波压制效果。对于地质结构较复杂的情况,与抛物Radon变换滤波法相比,该方法多次波压制效果更好,并且不损害有效波能量。     

十字交叉排列面波压制方法及应用

考虑面波特征和古龙断陷区地震资料面波强的特点,提出面波压制的十字交叉排列法.该方法将地震资料中的炮点线和检波点线重排后,进行三维Fourier变换;在频率—波数域滤波后,进行Fourier反变换,实现面波压制处理.古龙断陷区地震资料面波压制结果表明,十字交叉排列面波压制方法具有很好的保幅性和实用性,能够为地震资料保幅处理提供较好的叠前预处理方法,可以在深层地震资料处理中推广应用.     

多次波贡献道集优化在波场延拓压制多次波中的应用

基于波场延拓的多次波预测和减去技术是压制水层多次波的有效手段。常规波场延拓方法中,由已知的原始波场通过与水底各点的格林函数褶积来预测地震数据中的多次波,但在进行褶积相加时只有稳相点附近的能量才对求和结果有影响。提出了一种基于高精度拉东变换的稳相点拾取方法,是利用拉东域中的低曲率信息提取稳相点附近的同相轴,利用KL变换突出水平同相轴,得到优化的多次波贡献道集,对其进行叠加,能够很好地解决波场延拓预测的多次波存在假象的问题,并采用贝叶斯匹配减去技术将预测的多次波去除,提高了预测的多次波的精度,在同相轴两端出现的假象得到了很好的消除,理论和实际数据的应用结果验证了该方法的有效性和可行性。      

线性Radon变换噪音压制法及其在古龙断陷中的应用

针对松辽盆地北部古龙断陷地震资料信噪比低、线性干扰强特点,提出应用线性Radon变换进行叠前线性噪音压制的预处理方法,Radon变换可在炮集和CMP道集上进行运算,算法简单,易于编程实现,其积分路径的特点适合线性噪音压制.模拟数据和实际地震资料应用结果表明,线性Radon变换法能够实现保幅的线性噪音压制,是叠前提高地震资料信噪比的实用方法,在地震资料预处理中具有应用前景.     

黏性介质薄砂层时频特征响应分析

地下介质并不是理想的弹性介质,地层存在黏性吸收作用,对地震子波的频带及峰值频率等参数产生影响.基于波场延拓理论,采用波动方程正演模拟方法,对3种不同黏性吸收程度及厚度的薄砂层进行正演模拟;采用广义S变换,分析反射复合波的瞬时频谱.结果表明:薄砂层瞬时频谱的峰值频率与无黏性吸收作用下相比大幅度变化,导致由峰值频率预测薄砂层厚度出现较大误差.陷频频率受地层黏性吸收作用比较小,相对比较稳定.利用陷频频率出现的周期性与薄砂层厚度之间的关系预测薄砂层厚度,可以为复杂地质环境下有利薄储层的定性识别和厚度定量预测提供支持.     

基于克希霍夫积分的３Ｄ保幅多次波衰减方法在浅海资料中的应用

海底电缆 ＯＢＣ由于其采集方式的特殊性，能够在浅水环境下获得高品质的地震资料，相对拖缆采集能获取更多的地下有效信息。然而由于不同于拖缆的观测方式，加上海底崎岖不平产生的变周期多次波干扰，使得获得理想的成像剖面成为一大难题。因此，在保护地层有效反射的情况下尽可能地压制多次波成为首要任务。相对于其他多次波压制方法，基于水层建模理论的 ＭＷＤ方法能够更好地应用于 ＯＢＣ数据进行多次波压制。但是
常规 ＭＷＤ方法仅考虑波场在水层中的传播时间和集合扩散特征，因此不能精确地预测多次波振幅。为 解 决 该问题，本次研究在常规 ＭＷＤ方法的基础上，采用基于 Ｋｒｉｃｈｈｏｆｆ积分法对多次波贡献道集进行角度约束后叠加，有效解决了常规 ＭＷＤ方法预测多次波模型存在振幅误差的问题，使预测模型结果与实际多次波较为匹配，为后续的保幅去多次波提供了基础。理论模型和实际数据测试表明，该方法能取得较好的去多次波效果。      

东海XH凹陷砂泥岩互层地震资料处理关键技术

东海XH凹陷沉积地层以砂泥岩互层为主,阻抗界面差异较小,浅水表面多次波发育,导致地震反射弱,波组特征不明显,针对上述问题,应用研发的多次波压制、高精度鬼波宽频处理等技术,对工区地震资料进行了精细处理,处理剖面上的波组特征明显得到改善,数据低频、高频都得到拓宽,波组更真实可信,利用处理结果进行波阻抗反演和综合解释,能够更好地分析该凹陷优质储层的主控因素,岩性与钻井吻合度较高,证实了这一系列地震资料处理方法可靠性较高,达到了砂泥岩互层地震资料高质量成像的目的。      

多波波场分离的τ~p频域变换方法及影响因素分析

多波多分量地震勘探技术近年逐渐发展,但多波记录中各种波场混杂交叠,处理和利用这些信息较困难,所以需要对地震记录中的各类波形进行分离处理。使用有限差分波动方程数值模型进行时间域τ-p变换与频率域τ~p变换的对比,采用了不同模型进行多波波场分离尝试并对τ-p变换中出现的问题进行了讨论和参数比较。证实了频率域中τ-p变换算法在提高计算速度的基础上能够更好地保持τ-p域形态收敛和能量聚集,有效地将t-x域内的复杂波形分离开来并进行波形提取;加高斯窗边界处理可以抑制τ-p变换中出现的端点效应和截断效应,但对于记录数据恢复有影响;延伸外加边界加窗及反加窗可以保证边界能量恢复效果,减少实际信息损失,取得更好的波场分离效果;同时讨论了τ-p变换过程中需要根据记录确定范围的参数,对这些参数的范围选取原则以及影响因素作出了比较和分析,为后续处理及其他研究者的使用提供参考意见。      

广义S变换在地震数据处理中的应用与展望

总结了目前常见的广义S变换类型、原理与特点,归纳了现今广义S变换在时频域滤波去噪、时频谱分解、初至波识别与拾取及面波干扰压制等地震资料处理方面的研究成果。最后,展望了广义S变换在地震弱信号识别与提取、地震资料精细时变滤波、面波频散特性分析、背景噪声成像等研究方面的应用潜能。     

Relationship between wave steepness and wave age in the course of wind wave growth

It is traditionally assumed that the relationship between wave steepness and wave age is independent of the wind wave growth state. In fact, the traditional relationship can not describe the whole course of wind wave growth. This paper assumes that the relationship between wave steepness and wave age changes with the variety of dimensionless fetch. Based on the relationship proposed by Hou and Wen (1990), a new relationship in the course of wind wave growth is revealed. Comparisons between the present study and other previous relationships show that this new relationship explains better the observations than the other existing relationships.In the case of small fetch, wave age value increases more quickly than other models while it is in opposition to that in the case of large fetch. The result in present paper can clearly reflect the whole course of wind wave growth, it is an improvement for traditional results.     

THE WAVE GROUPING EFFECT ON WAVE FORCES ON A VERTICAL BREAKWATER

Linear wave theory and Longuet-Higgins and Steward's (1964) group-induced second-order longweve (GSLW) theory ware used in this study on the grouping effect on wave forces acting on a verticalbreakwater. The calculated variance of total wave pressure on the vertical breakwater was closer tothe measured value if the wave grouping effect was considered.     

Empirical formula for wave length of ocean wave in finite depth water

In this paper, function characteristics of dispersion of ocean wave in finite depth water were analyzed systematically. The functional form of the fitting function is reasonably proposed, in which the parameters are optimally determined by the least square method （LSM）. For infinitely deep and extremely shallow water,the fitting function fits strictly the dispersion to be fitted. A new technique is presented in application of LSM.An empirical formula with maximum error of less than 0.5% for computing wavelength in finite depth water is presented for practical applications.     

The effect of wave breaking on surface wave imaging by Synthetic Aperture Radar

The effect of ocean wave breaking as a non-Bragg mechanism on backscattering cross-section and modulation transfer functions （MTF） of radar was investigated based on Bragg resonance theory and parametric method. The result showed that the additional effect of wave breaking on backscattering cross-section is not more than 20% except for the small incident angle of VV polarized electromagnetic （e.m.） wave but is significant for HH polarized e.m. wave. Breaking waves lead to increase in the modulus of tilt modulation MTF and the larger the wind speed, the faster the increase. For large incident angle, the modulus of tilt modulation MTF with wave breaking decreases quickly with incident angle for HH polarization and approach to that without wave breaking for VV polarization. The hydrodynamic MTF increases 30%-60% when considering wave breaking and the increase is larger for HH polarization than for VV polarization.     

The efifect of wave breaking on surface wave imaging by Synthetic Aperture Radar

The effect of ocean wave breaking as a non-Bragg mechanism on backscattering cross-section and modulation transfer functions (MTF) of radar was investigated based on Bragg resonance theory and parametric method. The result showed that the additional effect of wave breaking on backscattering cross-section is not more than 20% except for the small incident angle of VV polarized electromagnetic (e.m.) wave but is significant for HH polarized e.m. wave. Breaking waves lead to increase in the modulus of tilt modulation MTF and the larger the wind speed, the faster the increase. For large incident angle, the modulus of tilt modulation MTF with wave breaking decreases quickly with incident angle for HH polarization and approach to that without wave breaking for VV polarization. The hydrodynamic MTF increases 30%-60% when considering wave breaking and the increase is larger for HH polarization than for VV polarization.     

A relationship between wave steepness and wave age for wind waves in deep water

Studying the relationship between wave steepness and wave age is important for describing wind wave growth with energy balance equation of significant waves. After invoking the dispersion rela- tion of surface gravity wave in deep water, a new relationship between wave steepness and wave age is revealed based on the “3/2-power law” (Toba, 1972), in which wave steepness is a function of wave age with a drag coefficient as a parameter. With a given wave age, a larger drag coefficient would lead to larger wave steepness. This could be interpreted as the result of interaction between wind and waves. Comparing with previous relationships, the newly proposed one is more consistent with observational data in field and laboratory.     

CALCULATIONS OF WAVE BREAKING PROBABILITY AND DISTRIBUTION OF BREAKING WAVE HEIGHTS IN DEEP WATER

lareODUcrI0NThephenomenonofbreakingwavesintheoasnoocurswheneveramomentahiyhighcrestmecheSanunstablecondition.It0ccursintendtimhy,andtheoccurrencefre-qUencydePendsonthescastate.ManystudAshaddricaniedoutontheoccurmcefre-qUencyofbrmkingwavesindeepweter.0chiandTsai(l983),LongueHiggins(l975)andVanD0mandPamn(l975)nadstheptalictonofbrmkingwavesoccurrenceindeePwater,usingabaskingcriterionforindividualwavesbasedonthewavesmpness.ThecriterioncanbeexpmeedintennSofthewaVehdghtHandperiodTasH>PgT'(…     

A WEAKLY NONLINEAR WATER WAVE MODEL TAKING INTO ACCOUNT DISPERSION OF WAVE PHASE VELOCITY

This paper presents a weakly nonlinear water wave model using a mild slope equation and a new explicit formulation which takes into account dispersion of wave phase velocity, approximates Hedges‘ (1987) nonlinear dispersion relationship, and accords well with the original empirical formula. Comparison of the calculating results with those obtained from the experimental data and those obtained from linear wave theory showed that the present water wave model considering the dispersion of phase ve-locity is rational and in good agreement with experiment data.     

A study on the Antarctic circumpolar wave mode-A coexistence system of standing and traveling wave

The Antarctic circumpolar wave （ACW） has become a focus of the air-sea coupled Southern Ocean study since 1996, when it was discovered as an air-sea coupled interannual signal propagating eastward in the region of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current （ACC）. In order to analyze the mechanism of discontinuity along the latitudinal propagation, a new idea that ACW is a system with a traveling wave in the Southern Pacific and Atlantic Ocean and with a concurrent standing wave in the southern Indian Ocean is proposed in this paper. Based on the ideal wave principle, the average wave parameters of ACW is achieved using a non-linear approximation method, by which we find that the standing part and the traveling part possess similar radius frequency, proving their belonging to an integral system. We also give the latitudinal distribution of wave speed with which we could tell the reason for steady propagation during the same period. The spatial distribution of the propagation reveals complex process with variant spatial and temporal scales--The ENSO scale oscillation greatly impacts on the traveling process, while the result at the south of Australia indicates little connection between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific, which may be blocked by the vibration at the west of the Pacific. The advective effect of ACC on the propagation process should be examined clearly through dynamical method.     

A joint method to retrieve directional ocean wave spectra from SAR and wave spectrometer data

This paper proposes a joint method to simultaneously retrieve wave spectra at dif ferent scales from spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR) and wave spectrometer data. The method combines the output from the two dif ferent sensors to overcome retrieval limitations that occur in some sea states. The wave spectrometer sensitivity coeffi cient is estimated using an ef fective signifi cant wave height(SWH), which is an average of SAR-derived and wave spectrometer-derived SWH. This averaging extends the area of the sea surface sampled by the nadir beam of the wave spectrometer to improve the accuracy of the estimated sensitivity coeffi cient in inhomogeneous sea states. Wave spectra are then retrieved from SAR data using wave spectrometer-derived spectra as fi rst guess spectra to complement the short waves lost in SAR data retrieval. In addition, the problem of 180° ambiguity in retrieved spectra is overcome using SAR imaginary cross spectra. Simulated data were used to validate the joint method. The simulations demonstrated that retrieved wave parameters, including SWH, peak wave length(PWL), and peak wave direction(PWD), agree well with reference parameters. Collocated data from ENVISAT advanced SAR(ASAR), the airborne wave spectrometer STORM, the PHAROS buoy, and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting(ECMWF) were then used to verify the proposed method. Wave parameters retrieved from STORM and two ASAR images were compared to buoy and ECMWF wave data. Most of the retrieved parameters were comparable to reference parameters. The results of this study show that the proposed joint retrieval method could be a valuable complement to traditional methods used to retrieve directional ocean wave spectra, particularly in inhomogeneous sea states.