辽河盆地东部凹陷古近系沙河街组层序地层及沉积相研究

根据岩心、测井和地震资料综合分析结果,研究辽河盆地东部凹陷沙河街组层序地层划分、沉积相类型及展布特征,东部凹陷沙河街组层序地层格架中识别出3个三级层序界面(SB1、SB2和SB3),划分2个三级层序(SQ1和SQ2);识别出冲积扇相、扇三角洲相、辫状河三角洲相、浊积扇相和湖泊相等沉积相类型.基于层序地层格架的划分和层序格架沉积砂体的特征研究,结合岩心相、测井相及地震相分析,绘制东部凹陷沙河街组不同层序的沉积相平面展布图.根据东部凹陷沙河街组沉积相空间展布及演化规律,结合沉积相分布控制因素分析,提出东部凹陷沙河街组沉积相模式,盆地陡坡带短距离搬运的沉积物质在陆上堆积形成冲积扇,进入水体发育扇三角洲、浊积扇体等;缓坡带沉积物搬运距离相对较远,多发育辫状河—辫状河三角洲等远源沉积体系.     

松辽盆地东南缘西丁家地区营城组沉积相分析

松辽盆地东南缘深层沉积相研究程度较浅,以西丁家地区营城组为例,利用岩心观察描述结果,结合测井、地震资料,以及区域构造演化和沉积相分析结果,研究松辽盆地东南缘深层地层沉积相.结果表明:营城组(K1y)主要发育扇三角洲、辫状河三角洲、湖底扇和湖泊4种相类型,其中辫状河三角洲相和湖泊相最为发育;西丁家地区营城组主要表现为"广盆浅水"沉积特征,西南陡坡带发育扇三角洲沉积体系,北部斜坡带发育辫状河三角洲沉积体系,垂向上地层叠加样式表现为由进积向加积演变.该研究结论对西丁家地区深层地层下一步勘探开发及资源评价具有指导意义.     

辽河西部凹陷欢喜岭地区沙河街组三段层序地层与沉积相研究

利用高分辨率层序地层学方法,结合岩芯、测井和地震资料,识别辽河西部凹陷欢喜岭地区各级层序界面,建立地层层序格架,探讨地层格架下沉积相类型、演化规律以及平面展布,并就有利沉积相带分布进行了讨论。结果表明:从钻测井资料看出,层序界面识别标志主要为岩性和颜色发生突变,沉积相类型发生突变,电性特征发生明显变化等;将欢喜岭地区沙河街组划分为6个三级层序,12个四级层序;沙河街组三段发育扇三角洲、湖底扇和湖泊相等沉积相类型,其中,上亚段扇三角洲发育,中亚段广泛发育湖底扇相沉积,下亚段以深湖、滨浅湖相为主,斜坡边缘发育扇三角洲沉积;沙河街组三段中亚段湖底扇相和下亚段扇三角洲相的储集物性最好,为有利沉积相带。     

雅布赖盆地小湖次凹新河组下段层序及沉积相特征

目前雅布赖盆地小湖次凹中侏罗统新河组下段是玉门油田的主力勘探层位,其中YT6井已取得工业油流,显示出良好的勘探前景,而在层序格架下明确同期次砂体展布,将有利于油气的进一步勘探开发。基于岩心、测井、录井及地震资料的分析,依据经典层序地层学理论,对小湖次凹中侏罗统新河组下段的层序特征、沉积相类型、沉积演化规律及平面展布进行了系统研究,进而讨论了有利沉积相带的展布。研究表明,新河组下段具有完整的三级层序;主要发育扇三角洲相、辫状河三角洲相、湖泊相3种沉积相类型;次凹沉积相带发育具有南北分异、隆凹成带的特征,其中小湖次凹南部陡坡带发育扇三角洲前缘亚相,北部及西北部缓坡带发育辫状河三角洲前缘亚相,次凹中心则主要发育湖泊相;从低位期到高位期,不同时期的沉积相展布各异,总体表现出水体由浅变深,再变浅,沉积范围逐渐扩大,扇三角洲和辫状河三角洲先进积、后退积、再进积的特点;经分析认为分布于YT6井西北部新河组下段的高位域水下分流河道微相是最有利的储油相带。      

辽河西部凹陷欢喜岭地区沙河街组沉积特征及其演化

在充分利用岩芯、录井、测井等相关资料的基础上,总结辽河西部凹陷欢喜岭地区沙河街组的沉积相类型,首次提出运用相对单因素综合作图法来绘制各沉积时期的沉积相平面图,综合探讨了沙河街组的沉积特征及空间沉积演化规律。结果表明:欢喜岭地区沙河街组主要发育扇三角洲相、湖底扇相、滨浅湖相和半深湖—深湖相4种沉积相类型;扇三角洲砂体为欢喜岭地区主要的储集砂体,在沙河街组沉积时期持续发育,主要发育于盆地缓坡部位;湖底扇主要发育在SQ3和SQ4沉积时期,主要分布在广阔的半深湖—深湖环境内;相对单因素综合作图法可以弥补传统的沉积相作图方法精度低的不足;沙河街组的沉积相垂向演化的旋回性明显,自下而上分为两个水进旋回,分别为SQ2～SQ5沉积时期和SQ6、SQ7沉积时期;每个水进旋回初期,盆地构造活动相对较弱,水体较浅,扇三角洲沉积广泛发育,湖底扇沉积规模较小;每个水进旋回中后期,盆地构造活动强度大,湖盆水体加深,扇三角洲规模减小,而湖底扇沉积规模明显扩大,形成非常有利的储集砂体,在研究区广泛发育,是研究区深层勘探的有利目标之一。     

基于古地貌和断裂控制的辽西低凸起锦州S油田沙河街组沉积体系

为明确辽西低凸起锦州S油田沙河街组沉积相带展布及其控制因素,综合应用岩心、测井和地震等资料,分析古地貌特征、断裂系统展布及其对沉积体系演化的控制作用,确定沙河街组SQ1—SQ4层序沉积相类型,探讨沙河街组沉积体系的演化规律。结果表明:研究区沙河街组发育辫状河三角洲、扇三角洲、湖泊等沉积体系类型;古地貌整体控制沉积体系类型;构造转换带是锦州S油田沉积物的主要运移通道。古地貌较低的C区,以及受转换带二次运移沉积的F、G区发育辫状河三角洲前缘亚相,砂体厚度大,储层质量好,有利于油气富集。该结果为研究区有利相带及优质砂体预测提供参考。     

准噶尔盆地阜东斜坡区侏罗系层序地层及沉积体系展布

为认识准噶尔盆地阜东斜坡区侏罗系层序地层及沉积体系展布,根据层序地层学理论,综合地震、测井、录井及岩心资料,并结合各层序井—震联合标定,对准噶尔盆地阜东斜坡区侏罗系进行层序地层划分,建立层序地层格架。结果表明:在该地区共识别3个二级层序界面和5个三级层序界面,划分7个三级层序;二级层序界面对应侏罗系顶、底界面及西山窑组沉积末期;三级层序自下而上对应八道湾组下段、八道湾组上段、三工河组、西山窑组、头屯河组、齐古组及喀拉扎组地层;根据层序地层结构特征,将7个三级层序分为二分层序、三分层序和四分层序3种类型。该地区沉积相类型主要包括扇三角洲、辫状河三角洲、曲流河三角洲、辫状河—曲流河和湖泊相,其中辫状河三角洲相是主要沉积相类型。SQ1—SQ6层序格架内,沉积相演化依次表现为扇三角洲(八道湾组,即SQ1—SQ2)—辫状河三角洲(三工河组,即SQ3)—曲流河三角洲(西山窑组,即SQ4)—辫状河—曲流河(头屯河组,即SQ5)—曲流河(齐古组,即SQ6)的演化序列,整体上侏罗系形成一套正旋回,粒度自下而上由粗逐渐变细。综合分析各层序地层特征及沉积体系展布规律,为寻找优质储集砂体、确定有利勘探方向提供重要证据。     

东海盆地西湖凹陷中—下始新统宝石组沉积特征

西湖凹陷位于东海盆地东部,是中国海上重要的油气生产区之一。2001年钻探的Y1井,在西湖凹陷主力油气层之下钻遇了一套厚360m、以泥质岩为主的中—下始新统地层,命名为宝石组。宝石组沉积于西湖凹陷断陷初期。根据岩芯、测井、录井、古生物等资料,分析Y1井宝石组沉积背景,并通过地震相及井-震结合分析,确定西湖凹陷宝石组的平面沉积展布。结果表明:西湖凹陷宝石组为近海湖泊沉积背景,发育河流、三角洲、滨浅湖、半深湖、扇三角洲等沉积相类型;河流相发育于西斜坡北部,表现为低连续变振幅亚平行席状地震相;三角洲相发育于西斜坡及其与中央深洼带的过渡带,表现为楔状或充填状的前积地震相;扇三角洲相发育于凹陷东部断坡带,表现为杂乱楔状地震相;滨浅湖相发育于凹陷大部分地区,主要为中—好连续中振幅平行—亚平行席状地震相;半深湖相发育于中央深洼带部分地区,地震剖面上为连续性较好、振幅较强的席状反射。通过地震剖面的构造-沉积充填分析,西湖凹陷宝石组发育水下高地型和半地堑型两种沉积充填样式。     

沾化-车镇地区古近纪东营组沉积相特征及沉积演化

综合钻井、测井和古生物等资料,依据沉积学基本原理和方法,对济阳坳陷沾车地区古近纪东营组沉积相特征及空间展布进行研究。结果表明:沾车地区东营组发育冲积扇相、曲流河相、三角洲相、扇三角洲相、辫状河三角洲相、湖泊相、滩坝和湖底扇8种沉积相,以湖泊相为主。东营组三段盆地持续下陷,深湖相、滨-浅湖相发育,沉积范围广。东营组二段湖盆重新开始抬升,湖水收缩,沉积范围缩小,沉积相以滨浅湖相为主,伴有小规模的扇三角洲及滩坝沉积。东营组一段湖盆继续抬升,沉积范围进一步缩小,主要为冲积扇-河流沉积,凸起边缘发育一系列的冲积扇。     

柴西地区上下油砂山组沉积相及有利储层

通过对研究区露头、岩性、测井等特征的研究,将柴达木盆地新近纪上下油砂山组划分出5种重要的沉积相类型:冲积扇相、河流相、扇三角洲相、三角洲相、湖泊相,并进行详细描述。依据单因素分析多因素综合画图的方法论,做出上下油砂山组沉积相平面展布图。沉积相带是控制储层特征和分布的基本因素。结合沉积相带图,划出油砂山组储集相带,有利储集相主要是三角州前缘砂体,冲积扇—扇三角洲分流河道砂体,浅湖滩坝;主要分布在沙西、乌南、咸水泉、月牙山、红沟子、阿尔金斜坡带,而碱山地区的储集相带发育较差。     

Sedimentary facies and evolution of aeolianites on Shidao Island, Xisha Islands

The aeolianite deposits on Shidao Island of the Xisha Islands,the South China Sea,contain five stages of aeolian biocalcarenites and four paleosols.The aeolian biocalcarenites consist of two sedimentary facies:dune and interdune deposits.In the dunes,large-scale festoon cross-bedding,humped cross-bedding and high-angle foreset bedding are well developed,and in the interdunes,large-scale flat-bedding and low-angle wedge shaped cross-bedding are well developed.The sedimentary structures and lamella features indicate that the aeolian deposits are driven mainly by the northeast monsoon.The aeolian biocalcarenite and paleosols may reflect the arid and humid climates of the East Asian monsoon,respectively.By comparison with the stalagmite oxygen isotope climosequence of Hulu Cave,Nanjing,we inferred that the aeolianite formed in the last glacial stage,and the paleosols were formed during relatively long-term warm events.     

准噶尔盆地乌尔禾—风南地区百口泉组储层有利成岩相

为明确准噶尔盆地乌尔禾—风南地区百口泉组成岩作用及成岩相,根据岩心分析化验数据,确定百口泉组储层物性特征;根据岩石薄片和扫描电镜观察结果,确定百口泉组成岩作用类型及强度;根据X线衍射结果,确定黏土矿物组分及体积分数;根据岩心薄片及其测井曲线特征,采用"物性加主控因素"分类方法,划分成岩相类型并建立各成岩相测井响应特征,确定成岩相分布规律,预测有利成岩相分布区。结果表明:百口泉组储层主要经历压实作用,碳酸盐、黏土矿物、黄铁矿、硅质胶结作用,以及长石、石英溶蚀作用。储层可划分为5种成岩相类型,即特低孔渗杂基充填相、中孔渗弱压实强溶蚀相、低孔渗强压实强溶蚀相、特低孔渗方解石胶结相和特低孔渗强压实相,其中中孔渗弱压实强溶蚀相和低孔渗强压实强溶蚀相为有利成岩相。中孔渗弱压实强溶蚀相主要分布于乌009—风4井区,低孔渗强压实强溶蚀相主要分布于乌2—风南7—夏75井区。该分析结果可为研究区优质储层预测提供地质依据。     

准噶尔盆地车排子地区下侏罗统八道湾组沉积演化及有利区预测

根据单井和连井相分析,以岩心分析、测井、钻井及地震资料为基础,研究准噶尔盆地车排子地区下侏罗统八道湾组沉积相类型及沉积演化过程;采用井—相控结合方法,分析沉积微相演化和平面展布特征。结果表明:八道湾组主要发育辫状河三角洲沉积体系,其中辫状河和辫状河三角洲是优势沉积相,辫状河三角洲平原比辫状河三角洲前缘物性好。结合沉积厚度、砂地比、连井剖面特征及沉积相平面展布特征,将研究区八道湾组自下而上划分为5个沉积发育时期(MSC1-1、MSC1-2、MSC2、MSC3-1及MSC3-2),不同沉积时期可容空间(A)和沉积物供应(S)相对变化不同,使古水深由浅到深再到浅,由辫状河相向湖泊和沼泽演化,整体呈现湖退—湖进—湖退沉积演化模式。Ⅰ类有利勘探区比Ⅱ类有利勘探区更易形成优质储层,红车断裂带附近斜坡区是有利勘探开发区,八道湾组煤系地层是有利勘探开发层位。该结果对研究准噶尔盆地车排子地区沉积演化过程具有指导意义。     

Sedimentary facies of Maastrichtian to Danian deposits in Amur River area, Russian Far East

Sedimentary facies of the Tsagayan Formation is distributed in the eastern Zeya-Bureya Basin has been analyzed. The formation is of the Maastrichtian to Danian in age and characterized by the cyclicity of the fining-upwards successions. Analysis of environmental changes during the K/T boundary is the focus of this study. Five facies have been identified: Facies A, thick and laterally extensive coarse-grained to medium-gained sandstone units, interpreted as channelfill deposits; Facies B, parallel-laminated to massive mudstone units interpreted as interchannel lakes and flood plain deposits; Facies C, sheet-like medium-grained to fine-grained sandstones interpreted as crevasse splay deposits; Facies D, coal to coaly mudstone beds interpreted as deposits of peatlands; Facies E, very poorly sorted sandy mudstone beds interpreted as debris flow deposits. Fluvial environments with the low-relief fiat topography was inferred. A channel transported large volumes of clasts, and a flood basin with interchannel lakes and peatlands was deciphered. Any distinct change of sedimentary environments has not been identified throughout the Tsagayan Formation (including the K/T boundary). However, two beds of debris flow deposits were identified. The one occurs at the uppermost part of the lower Tsagayan Subformation and contains dinosaur fossils. The other is intercalated in the upper Tsagayan Subformation.     

准噶尔盆地西北缘车—拐地区三叠系沉积相特征

通过岩心观察、薄片鉴定、测井和录井资料分析,以及单井沉积相、剖面沉积相研究,结合研究区的构造背景和沉积环境,分析沉积相特征.结果表明:准噶尔盆地西北缘车—拐地区三叠系主要发育砾岩和砂岩;三叠系的主要物源来自研究区西北角,次要物源来自研究区西部C45井以西.该区百口泉组主要发育冲积扇、扇三角洲沉积,冲积扇由研究区西北部向东南部延伸,克拉玛依组在继承百口泉组沉积特征的基础上,主要发育由西北向东南方向的扇三角洲前缘亚相沉积;白碱滩组在继承克拉玛依组沉积特征的基础上,主要发育扇三角洲前缘亚相及浅湖亚相沉积.三叠系由早期到晚期的水进沉积特征控制了研究区优质储层的分布.     

Sedimentary facies of Maastrichtian to Danian deposits in Amur River area, Russian Far East

Sedimentary facies of the Tsagayan Formation is distributed in the eastern Zeya-Bureya Basin has been analyzed. The formation is of the Maastrichtian to Danian in age and characterized by the cyclicity of the fining-upwards successions. Analysis of environmental changes during the K/T boundary is the focus of this study. Five facies have been identified: Facies A, thick and laterally extensive coarse-grained to medium-grained sandstone units, interpreted as channelfill deposits; Facies B, parallel-laminated to massive mudstone units interpreted as interchannel lakes and flood plain deposits; Facies C, sheet-like medium-grained to fine-grained sandstones interpreted as crevasse splay deposits;Facies D, coal to coaly mudstone beds interpreted as deposits ofpeatlands; Facies E, very poorly sorted sandy mudstone beds interpreted as debris flow deposits. Fluvial environments with the low-relief flat topography was inferred. A channel transported large volumes of clasts, and a flood basin with interchannel lakes and peatlands was deciphered. Any distinct change of sedimentary environments has not been identified throughout the Tsagayan Formation (including the K/T boundary). However, two beds of debris flow deposits were identified. The one occurs at the uppermost part of the lower Tsagayan Subformation and contains dinosaur fossils. The other is intercalated in the upper Tsagayan Subformation.     

“Tear drop pattern” potash deposits in lacustrine facies

It is well known that there are two patterns of potash deposition in lacustrine facies: “tear drop pattern” (the Dabsan saline lake is a typical example) and “bull's eye pattern”. Potash-forming in tear drop pattern is still continuing. The 2,678 m A. S. L. lake in the middle of the Qarhan playa in the Qaidam Basin covers an area of 210 km², and has an average depth of 0.39 m. Its MgCl₂ type surface brine is 280–340 g/l in salinity and mainly consists of Na, K, Mg and Cl. As a rule, the potash deposits occur as evaporite distributed in tear drop pattern at the northern and northeastern lakeshore zones. They mostly consist of carnallite and halite, occasionally sylvite. The deposition is very unstable and controlled principally by the varying supply of deposit materials from the Golmud River in the south. The potash deposits were formed when concentration of the surface brine reached a certain degree in the main evaporating season. Their forming process followed some crystalization paths in the phase diagram for the Na, K, Mg/Cl H₂O equilibrium system. Such a sedimentary model of potash deposits in the lacustrine facies is relatively common in nature. Under the extremely arid climate, differential concentration of the nonhomogeneous potassium-rich surface brine produced the potash deposits. Qarhan Salt Lake also had the same pattern of potash depositions and so, in a sense, the Dabsan saline lake is the continuation of the Qarhan salt lake in terms of potash formation. Schmalz (1970) put forward two distributive patterns for evaporite: “tear drop pattern” and “bull's eye pattern”. These patterns exist in both marine and continental salt-bearing basins (including recent salt lakes), and are controlled by the conditions of physical geography, hydrogeology, sedimentology and climatology of each basin. In his works (Sun, 1981; 1984; 1986; 1988) on the origins of potash deposits, the author always referred to them as two models of potash formation. The “tear drop pattern” is one of the salt-forming models and also an important potash-forming model. This paper deals with the formative mechanism of the tear drop pattern potash deposition by presenting the Dabsan saline lake as an example and elucidates on the distributive characteristics and formative processes of potash deposits in the lake.     

鄂尔多斯盆地中部上古生界沉积相演化

利用钻井资料和地质资料对鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界沉积相演化进行详细的研究。分析了本溪期（海侵）、太原期（海侵扩大）、山西期（海退）、石盒子期（海陆交互）和石千峰期（陆缘湖泊）等5个时期的古地理环境、岩石类型、沉积相类型和平面展布特征。得出这5个时期在盆地内构成了一个海侵海退旋回，形成了从滨浅海相到海陆过渡的三角洲相、河流湖泊相陆源沉积。控制生成了三角洲相分流河道砂砾岩、水下分流河道砂砾岩以及潮坪相砂坝等有利储集岩带，潮坪相发育的煤系地层为烃源岩。上石盒子组洪泛平原形成泥质岩盖层。生油岩和储集岩叠置或互侧式组合关系，形成本区受砂体分布控制的岩性气藏。     

渤中凹陷东营组层序地层及其沉积相分析

分析地震、钻/测井等资料,将渤中凹陷东营组划分为2个三级层序和5个体系域.东三段和东二下亚段构成层序SQ1,东二上亚段和东一段构成层序SQ2.层序SQ1中东三段为湖扩体系域,冲积扇、辫状河三角洲及扇三角洲围绕凸起分布;东二下亚段为高位体系域,大型曲流河三角洲开始向湖盆中央进积,三角洲沉积范围明显增加,在凹陷长轴方向最为发育,超覆到石臼坨凸起及渤南低凸起上,三角洲前方滑塌浊积扇及湖底扇发育.层序SQ2的东二上亚段发育低位体系域和湖扩体系域:低位体系域是在东二下亚段沉积的基础上发育的,湖盆范围缩小,三角洲继续向凹陷中央进积;湖扩体系域的湖泊范围迅速扩大,曲流河三角洲主要分布于长轴方向,辫状河三角洲主要分布在凸起周围;东一段为高位域,湖盆面积再次迅速缩减,曲流河三角洲在凸起之间及石臼坨凸起边缘发育,辫状河三角洲普遍发育在凸起边缘.各层序凸起边缘及斜坡带三角洲前缘砂体、前方滑塌浊积扇及湖底扇是形成隐蔽油气藏的有利区带.