基于平稳离散小波变换的地震动时程模拟

人工地震动时程的模拟是结构抗震分析的热点问题.基于平稳离散小波变换理论,利用小波变换的带通滤波特性,推导了各频带小波系数与功率谱密度函数的关系,从而直接采用时变功率谱密度函数,在不同频带上随机生成小波系数,进而通过小波逆变换模拟出同时具有强度非平稳和频率非平稳的地震动时程.对模拟时程的统计特性与目标值进行了比较,证明了该方法的可行性和正确性.     

基于小波变换的拟合规范反应谱多维地震动模拟

本文提出一种基于小波变换的拟合规范反应谱的多维地震动模拟算法。首先将规范反应谱推广到三维相关设计反应谱,然后将已有的三维地震动加速度时间历程曲线分解为一系列不同频段上的地震动分量,调整每一个地震动分量的幅值使其在相应的频率范围内拟合设计反应谱,最后经过调整后的地震动分量进行重构得到更新的地震动时间历程曲线。将该时间历程曲线的反应谱与目标反应谱进行比较,重复该过程直到误差位于特定的范围内。该方法可以保留原始地震动的局部时-频特性,为多维地震动的模拟提供了一种新的方法。     

基于小波函数的地震动反应谱与峰值位移拟合方法

采用数值方法合成地震动时,除对反应谱拟合外,对峰值位移的拟合和天然地震动非平稳特性的模拟也具有重要的意义和工程应用前景。本文基于小波函数的拟合方法,提出了一种能够同时合成目标反应谱和峰值位移的地震动加速度时程。数值算例表明:该方法具有较快的收敛速度,可用较少的迭代运算实现对目标反应谱和目标峰值位移的较高精度拟合;相较于现有的其它拟合方法,由于所构造的小波函数具有时域局部特点,该方法合成的地震动能够较好地保留天然地震动的非平稳特性。      

时程信号的Hilbert-Huang变换与小波分析/

在简要介绍时程信号的小波分析和Hilbert-Huang变换(HHT)理论的基础上，通过地震波和其它时程信号实例，对比分析了小波变换和HHT变换结果. 比较显示:HHT变换和小波变换均能用于对非平稳的信号进行分析，并能捕捉到信号变化的主要特征；与受所选母波影响较大的小波分析不同，HHT变换得到的固有模态函数是直接从原始时程数据中分离出来的，它更能反映原始数据的固有特性；小波分析得到的谱的能量在频率范围内分布较广，而HHT变换的Hilbert谱的大部分能量都集中在一定的时间和频率范围内，能清晰地刻画信号能量随时间、频率的分布. 因此，Hilbert-Huang变换不仅是对非平稳信号进行分析的有效方法，而且也是检测时程信号局部特征的有用工具.      

叠前地震资料噪声衰减的小波域方法研究

讨论了叠前地震记录中随机噪声的模拟方法,采用定性分析与Monte Carlo仿真相结合的方法,研究了在物理小波为基本小波的变换域该类随机噪声局部小波功率谱的统计特性,得出：其局部小波功率谱服从χ22分布.在此基础上,利用假设检验给出了在给定置信度下确定有效信号在小波变换域内能量分布空间的方法,通过在有效信号能量分布空间重建信号来压制噪声.给出了模型及实际地震资料算例,证明了本文提出的方法的有效性.     

地震动的小波分析技术在高层结构抗震设计中的应用研究

利用具有良好时频局部化性质的小波基函数时频分析真实地震动,提出一种可行的基于小波分析法调整地震动的方法。实际地震波(El Centro波和TH2TG055波)经过调幅、小波变换和标准反应谱拟合得到调整后的地震波,将其输入到拟建结构模型中进行地震反应分析,对比层间剪力、层间位移及层间位移角等几方面的计算结果,表明选取小波分析后的地震波作为结构时程分析输入能够得到比较准确的数值,满足结构抗震设计的需要,在工程应用方面具有一定的应用参考价值。     

拟合多阻尼比目标反应谱的高精度地震动调整方法

基于地震动调整效果的衡量指标比较了时域合成法和时频分析法的优缺点,在推导阿里亚斯强度与绝对加速度反应谱定量关系的基础上,将时域叠加小波函数法和时频小波分析调整法相结合,提出了一种能保留地震动强非平稳特性、对真实地震动相位差谱改动较少、能同时拟合多阻尼比目标反应谱的高精度地震动调整方法,并通过拟合美国规范D-V-A联合谱的算例证明了该方法的精度和通用性。     

地震动反应谱拟合过程中小波基函数的选取

基于目标功率谱, 本文从定量角度提出一种地震动反应谱拟合过程中小波基函数的选取方法． 首先通过修正不同小波基函数所对应的小波系数来拟合地震动反应谱; 然后设定总体误差绝对值和误差均方差这两个定量指标来描述各拟合波功率谱与目标功率谱的差异, 借助数理统计的独立权数原理, 求得不同小波基函数所对应的定量指标的综合评价值; 最后对比综合评价值, 得到拟合精度最高、 误差离散最小的最优小波基． 应用该方法, 选取8种常见的小波基函数进行实例分析． 结果表明, 该方法得到的最优拟合波与原信号差异不大, 拟合波反应谱、 功率谱与目标反应谱、 功率谱均吻合得较好, 从而验证了该方法的正确性．      

基于工程应用的频率时变模型研究

对美国NGA数据库中的3551组地震记录按场地条件、震级、震中距进行了分组,采用一维连续小波变换得到每条记录的小波功率谱。研究任意时间处小波功率谱最大值所对应的主频率,并对每个地震动分组内的主频率值做一定时间窗内的均方根处理,分别采用线性函数、指数函数和指数三角函数模型来拟合得到的主频率随时间变化的曲线,最后分析了场地条件、震级和震中距对频率时变曲线的影响,并给出了每个分组内水平向和竖直向地震动主频率随时间变化的模型参数。结果表明:地震动主频率随时间的增大逐渐减小,但是竖直向要比水平向衰减得快一些。     

地震地面运动能量分析的新方法--小波变换

从小波变换的基本原理出发,利用小波能量特性及正交特性,根据加速度记录推导出小波变换下的地震地面运动的能量时程公式,通过小波变换后求得的能量同时包括了地震动时域和频域内的能量,而且这种方法从理论上是可行,从方法实现上也是比较简单的。     

A time varying AR coefficient model for modelling and simulating earthquake ground motion

A smoothness priors-time varying autoregressive (AR) coefficient model method for the modelling of earthquake ground motion is shown. The method yields the instantaneous smoothed values of the AR coefficients and the instantaneous smoothed values of the innovations variance. These results in turn yield estimates of the instantaneous spectral density, the time varying covariance function and a simulation model for the ground motion data. An example of the application of the method to the analysis of an accelogram from the February 1971 San Fernando, California earthquake is shown.     

地震动功率谱与反应谱的转换关系

本文详细评述了现今常用的几种加速度反应谱与功率谱的转换关系。对于小阻尼单质点体系而言，考虑到输入地震动是一非平稳的随机过程，又由于其传递函数的窄频带滤波特性，它的加速度反应将是一窄频带的非平稳随机过程。对于峰值系数水平的超越不是独立的，而是成群超越。据此本文考虑非平稳效应和对峰值系数水平的成群效应，对前人的转换关系进行了修正，并基于随机振动理论，给出了对工程上常用的频率平稳、强度非平稳的地震;动模型的功率谱和反应谱的转换关系。此转换关系对于长、短持时的地震动记录和反应谱长、短周期部分以及不同阻尼比的反应谱都能给出精度较高的结果。     

深厚软土场地基岩地震动反演——以天津波为例

根据天津波地表加速度记录和相应实测场地钻孔资料,采用等效线性化方法模拟土体非线性,进行了深厚软土场地基岩地震动反演,研究了频率截断对深厚软土场地基岩地震动反演的影响,为天津波地表加速度记录提供了相应的基岩地震动输入。研究表明:不同截断频率情况下,反演得到的基岩地震动峰值和反应谱曲线形状均相差悬殊,但反演后再正演所得到的地面运动与原地表记录相比,加速度时程曲线形状和峰值大小、反应谱曲线形状和峰值大小均非常接近;可根据工程需要对地表加速度记录进行不同频率的截断,反演得到所需强度的基岩地震动。     

Statistical Characteristics of Strong Ground Motion Specified by Response Spectrum and Power Spectral Density Function

The statistical characteristics of strong ground motion specified by response spectrum and power spectral density function are studied using 190 strong-motion records of the Haicheng and Tangshan earthquakes in China and 138 earthquakes in the western United States.The response spectrum is normalized by the peak ground acceleration(i.e.,represented as spectral magnification factor),and the power spectral density function is described by the Kanai-Tajimi spectrum.The statistics and dependence of parameters are evaluated,and correlations between the spectral magnification factor or Kanai-Tajimi spectral parameters and the site condition,epicentral distance,or local magnitude are investigated.The statistical characteristics of spectra China and the U.S.A.are compared.Based on the results obtained the values of the statistics on spectral parameters for earthquake engineering applications in China are suggested.     

Velocity structure building and ground motion simulation of the 2014 Ludian Ms 6.5 Earthquake

This study constructs a 3 D velocity structure model of the Ludian region in the Yunnan province, southwestern China, and simulates ground motion propagation of the 2014 Ludian Ms 6.5 earthquake. It aims to construct the local velocity structure of the Ludian region in three dimensions and with high precision. The simulation, using the spectral element method, is validated by field data from the Ludian earthquake records. Thus, it demonstrates that the adopted key parameters, such as the seismic source mechanism, propagation medium and geographical features of the engineering site, are appropriated for the simulation. Meanwhile, the simulation generates the ground motion distribution of the study region with an earthquakeinduced landslide in Ludian earthquake.     

Velocity structure building and ground motion simulation of the 2014 Ludian <Emphasis Type="Italic">M</Emphasis>s 6.5 Earthquake

This study constructs a 3D velocity structure model of the Ludian region in the Yunnan province, southwestern China, and simulates ground motion propagation of the 2014 Ludian Ms 6.5 earthquake. It aims to construct the local velocity structure of the Ludian region in three dimensions and with high precision. The simulation, using the spectral element method, is validated by field data from the Ludian earthquake records. Thus, it demonstrates that the adopted key parameters, such as the seismic source mechanism, propagation medium and geographical features of the engineering site, are appropriated for the simulation. Meanwhile, the simulation generates the ground motion distribution of the study region with an earthquakeinduced landslide in Ludian earthquake.     

Digital simulation of multivariate earthquake ground motions

In this paper a new generation procedure of multivariate earthquake ground motion is presented. The technique takes full advantage of the decomposition of the power spectral density matrix by means of its eigenvectors. The application of the method to multivariate ground accelerations shows some very interesting physical properties which allows one to obtain significant reduction of the computational effort in the generation of sample functions relative to multivariate earthquake ground motion processes. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Ground motion prediction equations for horizontal and vertical components of acceleration in Northern Iran

Recent studies have shown that the vertical component of ground motion can be quite destructive on a variety of structural systems. Development of response spectrum for design of buildings subjected to vertical component of earthquake needs ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs). The existing GMPEs for northern Iranian plateau are proposed for the horizontal component of earthquake, and there is not any specified GMPE for the vertical component of earthquake in this region. Determination of GMPEs is mostly based on regression analyses on earthquake parameters such as magnitude, site class, distance, and spectral amplitudes. In this study, 325 three-component records of 55 earthquakes with magnitude ranging from M _w 4.1 to M _w 7.3 are used for estimation on the regression coefficients. Records with distances less than 300 km are selected for analyses in the database. The regression analyses on earthquake parameters results in determination of GMPEs for peak ground acceleration and spectral acceleration for both horizontal and vertical components of the ground motion. The correlation between the models for vertical and horizontal GMPEs is studied in details. These models are later compared with some other available GMPEs. According to the result of this investigation, the proposed GMPEs are in agreement with the other relationships that were developed based on the local and regional data.     

Identification of a one-dimensional model for a soil-layer–bedrock system during an earthquake

The propriety of adopting a multi-degree-of-freedom lumped mass–spring–dampers system driven by white noise support excitation as a one-dimensional model for a soil-layer–bedrock system during an earthquake is investigated by means of statistical system identification of the model with noisy measurement of the earthquake ground velocity. The present discussion also suggests that this model may not be applicable to all observed earthquake records, since the model itself depends on the statistical nature of the earthquake motion. For appropriate earthquake records, the system identification procedure may be accomplished; then dynamical properties of the soil-layer and the power spectral density for white noise excitation acting upon the bedrock can be estimated as shown in a numerical example.     

西昌断陷盆地场地地震动差异分析

以汶川地震中的非发震断层安宁河断裂带周边西昌地区所获取的加速度记录为依据,研究了这些记录在峰值、频谱之间的差异,并通过这些地区的局部场地条件差异进行了初步解释。在此基础上通过数值模拟方法,利用基于显式有限元和局部透射人工边界的二维有限元模型对该地区的地面运动进行了模拟。数值试验结果表明：这些简单的理想化模型对这一地区地震动的本质特征进行重现,并对产生地面运动差异的机理进行合理解释。通过分析,初步揭示了由深部断层构造所控制的断陷盆地对地震动影响显著。