一种白浪覆盖率与风要素关系模式

采用Ｇｌａｚｍ ａｎ 提出的“微尺度平均”的方法,在合理选择平均尺度的基础上计算了ＪＯＮＳＷＡＰ谱的四阶矩,并将此结果与Ｓｎｙｄｅｒ提出的白浪覆盖率模式结合,从而建立起依赖于风速和风区两者的半经验、半理论的白浪覆盖率与风要素关系模式。此模式给出的结果与Ｍｏｎａｈａｎ 等汇集的海洋白浪覆盖率测量数据总体符合良好。     

长江口中肋骨条藻赤潮发生过程环境要素分析──营养盐状况

从长江口１９９０年６月的一次中肋骨条藻赤潮发生过程中营养盐含量变化可见，由于潮汐的作用，观测水域各营养盐要素都在不同程度上存在周日波动特征，其中，ＮＯ３－Ｎ在一个潮周期内变化幅度可达１倍以上。赤潮发生时表层水体ＮＯ３－Ｎ，ＰＯ４－Ｐ和ＳｉＯ３－Ｓｉ值都呈下降趋势，降幅最大的ＰＯ４－Ｐ达３倍上；Ｎ／Ｐ值则急剧上升，峰值为４５０。随着赤潮肖亡，ＮＯ３－Ｎ，ＮＯ２－Ｎ和ＳｉＯ３－Ｓｉ浓度很快恢复正常，Ｎ     

基于P-Y曲线法考虑桩土相互作用的高桩结构物分析

ＰＹ曲线法是一种非线性地基反力法,可用于分析横向荷载作用下桩结构物,尤其在分析有较大变位的桩结构物时,有许多突出的优点。本文就ＰＹ曲线法分析横向力作用下的高桩结构物的实施方法、特点进行了研究,编制了相应的程序,结合算例给出一些供工程设计人员参考的结论。     

关于龙门山区二叠纪灰岩飞来峰成因与时代的讨论

关于龙门山区二叠纪灰岩飞来峰成因与时代的讨论ＤＩＳＣＵＳＳＩＯＮＳＯＮＯＲＩＧＩＮＡＮＤＴＩＭＥＯＦＰＥＲＭＩＡＮＬＩＭＥＳＴＯＮＥＫＬＩＰＰＥＩＮＬＯＮＧＭＥＮＭＯＵＮＴＡＩＮＡＲＥＡ四川龙门山地区二叠纪灰岩超覆在中晚侏罗世地层之上的事实，早在我国...     

北黄海大鹿岛海域营养盐分布特征

根据１９９０年７月辽宁省海岛调查资料，本文讨论了北黄海大鹿岛海水营养盐（ＰＯ４－Ｐ，ＳｉＯ３－Ｓｉ，ＮＯ３－Ｎ，ＮＨ４－Ｎ，ＮＯ２－Ｎ）分布特征，并对海域环境质量作了初步评价。     

热带太平洋海平面高度季节内振荡的空间分布特征

根据三年卫星高度计（ＴＯＰＥＸ／ＰＯＳＥＩＤＯＮ）资料和涡分辨率的海洋环流（ＰＯＰ）模式模拟计算的海平面高度资料,利用功率谱和最大熵谱的方法,揭示了热带太平洋海平面高度季节内振荡的空间分布特征。研究表明：准３０ｄ 周期的振荡集中出现在东太平洋（１６０°Ｗ 以东）赤道两侧,分别以５°Ｓ和５°Ｎ 为中心的纬向带状域中;准９０ｄ 振荡出现在分别以２０°Ｓ和２０°Ｎ为中心的南北二个纬向带状域中,北太平洋西部振荡最明显;准６０ｄ 振荡集中出现在分别以１０°Ｎ和１０°Ｓ为中心的带状海域中,北太平洋比南太平洋更明显,但比准９０ｄ 振荡信号弱;从ＴＯＰＥＸ资料分析还发现在赤道中太平洋（５°Ｎ～５°Ｓ,１７０°Ｗ～１２０°Ｗ）,准６０ｄ 振荡也较明显     

胶州湾营养盐的现状和变化

报道了１９９１年５月至１９９４年２月１２个航次胶州湾ＮＯ３－Ｎ，ＮＯ２－Ｎ，ＮＨ４－Ｎ，ＰＯ４－Ｐ和ＳｉＯ３－Ｓｉ的时空分布基本特征，６０年代于至９０年代的变化表明，胶州湾营养盐的浓度和分布已发生显变化。尤其从６０年代至８０年代，３０年来，胶州湾中东部水城ＰＯ４－Ｐ，ＮＯ３－Ｎ和ＮＨ４－Ｎ浓度分别增加２．２，７．３和７．１倍，ＴＯＮ浓度也增加了３．５倍，ＴＩＮ／ＰＯ４－Ｐ从１０增加至２４．２；Ｔ     

海洋赤潮生态模型参数优化研究

根据中日合作海洋生态围隔试验观测资料,对乔方利等１９９８年提出的赤潮过程生态模型（乔方利等,２０００）进行参数优化研究,得到赤潮过程营养２盐半饱和常数：硅藻,ＫＮ＝１．４ｕｍｏｌ／Ｌ、ＫＰ＝０．１２９ｕｍｏｌ／Ｌ、ＫＳｉ＝１．１６ｕｍｏｌ／Ｌ;鞭毛藻,ＫＮ＝０．３４５ｕｍｏｌ／Ｌ、ＫＰ＝０．１１３ｕｍｏｌ／Ｌ以及其它等共１８个参数的最优取值,并详细讨论了目标泛函的构造和多目标函数参数优化的方法。     

带乘性噪声系统双滤器平滑及反褶积算法

在带乘性噪声系统（ＳＭＮ）间接平滑算法的基础上,通过构造一种新的ＳＭＮ逆向信息滤波算法,建立了ＳＭＮ的双滤器平滑和反褶积算法;为解决ＳＭＮ最优估计问题提供了新的方法。     

末次冰期陆架古环境新说——《陆架沙漠化》一书评介

末次冰期陆架古环境新说——《陆架沙漠化》一书评介ＳＯＭＥＣＯＭＭＥＮＴＳＯＮ“ＣＯＮＴＩＮＥＮＴＡＬＳＨＥＬＦＤＥＳＥＲＴＩＺＡＴＩＯＮ”——ＡＮＥＷＴＨＥＯＲＹＯＦＣＯＮＴＩＮＥＮＴＡＬＳＨＥＬＦＰＡＬＥＯＥＮＶＩＲＯＮＭＥＮＴＤＵＲＩＮＧＬＡＳＴ...     

Parametric study of geometrical effects on the degree of bending (DoB) in offshore tubular K-joints under out-of-plane bending loads

In this paper, results of comprehensive finite element (FE) analyses carried out on 81 generated models of tubular K-joints are presented. Results of FE models were verified against experimental data and parametric equations. The fatigue life of a tubular joint, which is commonly found in offshore industry, is not only dependent on the value of hot-spot stress (HSS), but is also significantly influenced by the through-the-thickness stress distribution characterized by the degree of bending (DoB). Data extracted from FE analyses was used to study the effects of geometrical parameters on the DoB values in tubular K-joints subjected to two types of out-of-plane bending (OPB) moment loads. The determination of DoB values in a tubular joint is essential for improving the accuracy of fatigue life estimation using the stress-life (S–N) method and particularly for predicting the fatigue crack growth based on the fracture mechanics (FM) approach. Geometrically parametric investigation was followed by a set of nonlinear regression analyses to develop DoB parametric formulas for the fatigue analysis of K-joints under OPB loadings.     

A fast inversion method for ocean parameters based on dispersion curves with a single hydrophone

The dispersion characteristics of shallow water can be described by the dispersion curves, which contain substantial ocean parameter information. A fast ocean parameter inversion method based on dispersion curves with a single hydrophone is presented in this paper. The method is achieved through Bayesian theory. Several sets of dispersion curves extracted from measured data are used as the input function. The inversion is performed by matching a replica calculated with a dispersion formula. The bottom characteristics can be described by the bottom reflection phase shift parameter P. The propagation range and the depth can be inverted quickly when the seabed parameters are represented by on parameter P. The inversion results improve the inversion efficiency of the seabed parameters. Consequently, the inversion efficiency and accuracy are improved while the number of inversion parameters is decreased and the computational speed of replica is increased. The inversion results have lower error than the reference values, and the dispersion curves calculated with inversion parameters are also in good agreement with extracted curves from measured data; thus, the effectiveness of the inversion method is demonstrated.     

Fatigue Behaviour of Tubular Joints Made of China-Made Platform Steel

In China, a nationwide research program on fatigue behaviour of tubular joints made of China-made platform steel was carried out from 1983 to 1990, which was set by the Tubular Joint Research Committee for Offshore Structures (TJCOS) of China. This paper gives an outline of the basic properties of the China-made platform steel and fatigue test of tubular joints, including test specimens, test particulars and test results. A p-S-N curve based on the test results was established which reveals that the fatigue strength of tubular joints is fairly good. The thickness effect and effect of corrosion on fatigue strength in sea water are briefly discussed.     

Fatigue strength assessment of MARK-III type LNG cargo containment system

The aim of this paper is to investigate the fatigue strength of the GTT Mark-III type LNG insulation system. The LNG insulation system consists of several composite layers with various connections; plywood, triplex, reinforced polyurethane foam and mastic. Consequently, the LNG insulation system may include mechanical failures such as cracks as well as delaminations within the layers due to sloshing impact loads and fatigue loadings. In addition, these failures may cause a significant decrease of structural integrity. In this study, a series of fatigue tests have been carried out for Mark-III type LNGC insulation systems at room temperature considering the effect of sloshing impact. The load levels have been determined based on the ultimate strength of reinforced polyurethane foam. The aim of the study is to investigate the typical failure characteristics of the MARK-III LNG insulation system and to obtain the S–N data under fatigue loading. A consolidated single S–N curve is obtained based on a systematic finite element procedure. Future use of the S–N data in fatigue analysis requires that the response analysis is carried out using a finite element model with the same mesh density and material properties. This study can be used as a fundamental study for the fatigue assessment of the LNGC insulation system as well as a design guideline.     

基于谱分析法的深水半潜式平台疲劳强度分析

以某新型深水半潜式钻井平台为分析对象,依据三维绕射理论计算单位波幅下波浪诱导载荷,通过建立三维有限元模型计算完成了热点应力响应。运用热点应力的谱分析法计算得到危险节点的疲劳寿命,并进一步分析了各个短期海况和不同浪向对节点总的疲劳损伤度的贡献。研究结果表明,危险节点的疲劳寿命都满足设计寿命要求;在各种中低海况下,疲劳损伤主要来自于平均跨零周期在6 s附近,有义波高转大的短期海况;平台关键连接部位的疲劳损伤主要是在横浪和斜浪状态下产生的,并且对某单一方向的波浪非常敏感。此研究对该类型平台的连接处结构设计和疲劳分析方法有参考意义。     

平台钢焊接接头在海洋中的腐蚀疲劳研究

随着近海石油开采事业的迅猛发展,我国已自行设计和建造了许多固定式导管架钢结构海上平台,它们在海洋环境中承受着波浪引起的交变载荷作用,与惰性环境中承受交变载荷条件下得到的疲劳结果相比,交变载荷与侵蚀性环境的联合作用往往导致疲劳性能显著下降。这种损伤可能是疲劳开裂和腐蚀性破坏的简单叠加,也可能是这两者之间某些更为复杂的协同交互作用的结果(贾斯克,1989)。钢结构海上平台是由钢构件(如钢管、钢板、角钢等)焊接而成,海水腐蚀疲劳裂缝大都产生于焊缝区的焊趾处,该部位存在焊接残余应力,以及焊接缺陷和儿何缺陷,形成应力集中。本文通过对海上平台用钢板在空气中、海水中和海水中有阴极保护三种条件下腐蚀疲劳性能的研究,探讨了钢材在海上平台不同部位、不同保护状况下的腐蚀疲劳寿命,为海上采油平台设计与选择提供了理论依据。     

基于实测应力的半潜平台疲劳损伤分析

疲劳破坏是海洋结构物发生破坏的一种主要形式,深水半潜平台在海上运输、作业、停滞时会受到交变的风、浪、流载荷作用,进而引起结构关键节点处的疲劳损伤,影响平台安全性。以"海洋石油981"半潜钻井平台为研究对象,利用光纤光栅应变传感器对结构高应力区进行应力监测,获取测点处应力时历数据。将监测位置划分为四个监测板块,采用四点雨流计数法对测点应力进行处理,得到以离散形式给出的应力循环幅度与相应循环周次。参照DNV《海上钢结构疲劳设计规范》推荐的S-N曲线,基于Miner线性疲劳累计损伤原则,得到各个测点处的总体疲劳损伤度。选取具有最大疲劳损伤度的危险测点,并结合海上实测总时长,预测半潜平台的总体疲劳寿命。     

Truss Spar平台桁架管节点疲劳分析

Truss Spar平台在风、浪、流的作用下,结构受力十分复杂,准确分析其疲劳强度相当困难。通过建立Truss Spar平台三维有限元模型,利用HydroD软件进行载荷预报、波浪搜索,得到产生最大应力幅响应的最不利浪向和相位角。运用Sestra软件进行整体有限元分析,得到的结果作为桁架管节点细化模型的边界条件,再用Nastran软件进行局部分析求得节点的热点应力,修正壁厚影响。最后根据DNV规范的S-N曲线计算了管节点的疲劳寿命。     

波频和慢漂组合作用下钢悬链线立管疲劳损伤研究

为了有效地考虑浮体慢漂运动对钢悬链线立管疲劳损伤的影响,提出了波频和慢漂运动组合作用下钢悬链线立管疲劳损伤简化计算的位置组合叠加法。其核心是:基于浮体慢漂运动概率分布选取若干典型慢漂位置,进行波频运动作用下钢悬链线立管动力响应分析;根据钢悬链线立管运动位置变化特征,截取若干慢漂位置对应的波频应力时程叠加到慢漂应力时程上,得到波频和慢漂运动的组合应力时程;编写基于雨流计数法的MATLAB程序处理立管各节点应力,采用海水环境下Do E.E型S-N曲线和Palmgren-Miner累积损伤准则计算立管各节点疲劳损伤。应用位置组合叠加法对某海域500 m水深的立管进行了疲劳分析,并与全耦合法、权重组合叠加法以及波频和慢漂疲劳损伤简单相加法的结果进行了对比,结果表明该方法具有较高的精度和效率。此外,进行了区域设定系数、波浪高度、波浪周期和土壤表面剪切强度等参数对组合作用下立管疲劳损伤的敏感性分析。     

焊接节点低温疲劳试验与低温主S-N曲线的构建

为了拓展主S-N曲线法,使之更好地适用于低温、极地环境下船舶与海洋工程结构物的疲劳评估,进行了EH36材料T型焊接接头的低温疲劳性能试验,收集了国内外多个焊接节点低温疲劳数据,建立了疲劳试验试件的有限元模型,运用等效结构应力法,计算焊接节点的等效结构应力,构建低温环境下焊接节点的主S-N曲线。使用该曲线,预测低温疲劳试验的寿命,并与疲劳试验结果、常温主S-N曲线、常温中值D曲线的预测结果进行了比较,结果表明,所提低温主S-N曲线预测方法具有较高精度,可用于低温环境下船舶与海洋结构物疲劳寿命的预测。