山东省蓬莱市西南王金矿床地质特征与资源前景

西南王金矿床位于栖霞-蓬莱成矿带内,是蓬莱地区西部比较典型的缓倾斜薄层石英脉型金矿床。矿体受NNE—NE向断裂控制,倾向SE,倾角15°~25°,呈薄层脉状,分布于郭家岭序列罗家单元的斑状中粒含黑云二长花岗岩和谭格庄序列牟家单元的片麻状细粒奥长花岗岩中。该文通过对矿床地质特征与矿体空间赋存规律的研究,认为矿床深部及周边区域仍有较好的资源前景。     

胶东金矿成矿花岗岩：“小岩体成大矿”理论的启示

胶东金矿集中区金成矿与中—酸性花岗岩类密切相关。剪切相的玲珑型似片麻状黑云母花岗岩(年龄为160～153 Ma)是面积达3 500 km²的大规模岩基;引张相的滦家河型等粒粗粒二长花岗岩(年龄为154～152 Ma)侵位于玲珑型似片麻状黑云母花岗岩内,单个岩体面积为100 km²至数百平方千米。但与金成矿关系最密切的是挤压相的郭家岭型似斑状花岗闪长岩(年龄为131～126 Ma),多数呈岩株状出露(面积为2～90 km²),超大型金矿床往往发育于距其5 km范围内。但是,当郭家岭型似斑状花岗闪长岩岩体规模很大(如蓬莱地区的郭家岭花岗闪长岩体面积为270 km²)时,则与金成矿几乎无关。胶东中—酸性花岗岩“小岩体成大矿”的新认识对于中—酸性岩浆相关热液矿床的成矿规律研究和预测勘查均具有重大的理论意义和应用价值,但受限于相关资料缺乏广泛研究,其形成机制尚需深入探讨。     

西藏冈底斯带中南部与俯冲有关的早侏罗世花岗闪长岩:锆石U-Pb年代学及地球化学证据

肖打松多花岗闪长岩位于西藏冈底斯花岗岩带中段以南,主要岩石类型有:细中粒黑云母(角闪石)花岗闪长岩、细中粒
含斑黑云母(角闪石)花岗闪长岩、细中粒斑状黑云母(角闪石)花岗闪长岩,岩石具钙碱性特征,w(SiO₂)=61.58%~72.16%,
w(K₂O)/w(Na₂O)=0.64~1.15,相对富钠,A/CNK=1.25~1.43,w(Al₂O₃)变化于11.45%~16.00%之间,为准铝质岩石,花
岗闪长岩岩体稀土元素总量w(ΣREE)变化于152.10×10-6~251.22×10-6之间;轻稀土元素富集,负Eu异常较明显,以富K、
Rb、Ba、Th等大离子亲石元素和亏损Nb、Y、Yb等高场强元素为特征。岩石学和岩石地球化学研究表明,该时期的花岗闪长岩具
俯冲I型花岗岩的特点,形成于板块俯冲下的岛弧环境。用SHRIMP测定肖打松多花岗闪长岩体锆石的U-Pb年龄为(191.9±
1.1)Ma。同时表明冈底斯岩浆弧带在早侏罗世岩浆曾经剧烈地活动过,肖打松多岩体是新特提斯洋向北俯冲作用的产物。      

东准噶尔青河地区野马滩一带托让格库都克组高铝玄武岩的发现及其地质意义

下泥盆统托让格库都克组高铝玄武岩产自东准噶尔青河地区野马滩一带。高铝玄武岩富含大量斜长石斑晶,属亚碱性系列。它们具有显著高A12O3(质量分数为17.22%～21.31%),低SiO2(47.12%～49.45%),高TFe2O3(8.50%～11.98%)、MgO(2.64%～5.63%)、Ni((5.75～27.87)×10~(-6))、Cr((0.99～25.62)×10~(-6)),以及高Sm/Yb值(1.13～1.96)、U/Th值(0.42～0.81)的特征,相对富集大离子亲石元素和亏损高场强元素,显示出典型的高铝玄武岩地球化学特征。进一步研究表明,其岩浆来源于受俯冲带流体交代地幔楔的部分熔融。此外,高Sr/Y值(43.16～47.07)和低Y(质量分数为(15.69～19.09)×10~(-6))、Yb((1.64～2.13)×10~(-6))显示玄武质岩浆源区有俯冲带洋壳物质的加入。高Al特征很可能与高压条件下斜长石的滞后结晶有关。地球化学特征表明,高铝玄武岩形成于岛弧环境。东准噶尔早泥盆世高铝玄武岩的发现丰富了本区火山岩岩类信息资料,并为构造演化研究提供了重要依据。     

大别山木子店地区斑状角闪黑云二长花岗岩株的锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素组成及其地质意义

大别山木子店地区岩浆岩由中生代花岗岩类和元古宙石英闪长岩、英云闪长岩组成。对中生代斑状角闪黑云二长花岗岩进行了原位LA-ICP-MS锆石U Pb年龄和Hf同位素测定。结果表明,该花岗岩形成于(133±2) Ma,为早白垩世岩浆活动的产物。锆石_εHf(t)介于-26.5～-19.6,平均值为-24.9,二阶段模式年龄T_DM2主要介于2 531~2 139 Ma,2个继承锆石分析点分别给出了-3.0和-0.3的_εHf(t)值,二阶段模式年龄T_DM2分别为1 589 Ma和1 654 Ma。上述研究表明,木子店地区斑状角闪黑云二长花岗岩为古元古代古老地壳物质部分熔融形成,形成过程中可能有新元古代地壳物质加入。综合分析认为,该花岗岩可能形成于大别造山带从挤压向伸展的转换阶段。与沙坪沟赋矿花岗岩具有类似的岩浆物质来源,指示木子店地区具有寻找早白垩世早期钼矿的可能。      

宁阳县黑山头饰面用变粒角闪岩矿床地质特征及矿床成因

宁阳县黑山头饰面用变粒角闪岩矿床赋存在阜平期蒙山超单元龟蒙顶单元片麻状中粒含黑云花岗闪长岩和西官庄单元片麻状中粒含黑云角闪英云闪长岩中。矿体为新太古代五台期麻塔单元粗粒变角闪石岩,墨绿色,夹杂白色较大不规则条带,中粗粒变晶结构,块状构造。区内主要有1个矿体,呈岩脉状产出,倾角西陡东缓,矿体中间薄两端厚,连续性较好,属于岩浆型花岗岩矿床。     

西秦岭西段塔洞花岗闪长岩体年代学、地球化学特征及其地质意义

塔洞花岗闪长岩体位于西秦岭造山带西段,主体岩性为灰白色中细粒块状花岗闪长岩,岩体中未见暗色闪长质包体。对该岩体进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素年代学测试,所选锆石均为具岩浆韵律环带结构的岩浆锆石,锆石w(Th)/w(U)值主体大于0.4,锆石U-Pb加权平均年龄为(219.0±5.3)Ma,代表塔洞花岗闪长岩体的结晶年龄。地球化学特征显示,该岩体具有高SiO2质量分数(66.88%~67.46%)、高Al2O3质量分数(15.39%~16.54%)、富K(质量分数为2.83%~4.12%)、准铝质(A/CNK值介于0.97~1.0之间)的高钾钙碱性花岗岩特征。该岩体轻、重稀土元素分异强烈,Eu异常不明显,球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分模式为右倾型,原始地幔标准化微量元素蛛网图具明显的富集大离子亲石元素(Cs、Rb、Ba等),亏损重稀土元素与高场强元素(如Nb、Ta等)的特征。该岩体具有与埃达克质花岗岩相似的特征,如高Sr质量分数(主体大于400×10-6)、低Y质量分数((5.49~12.8)×10-6)、低Yb质量分数((0.34~0.91)×10-6)、高w(Sr)/w(Y)值(大于40,多介于50~90之间)。岩石成因研究表明,该岩体为加厚下地壳石榴子石角闪岩(石榴子石体积分数为10%~20%)部分熔融并经历分离结晶作用形成的。综合区域资料认为,西秦岭造山带西段古特提斯洋于印支晚期已经关闭,南北陆块完成同碰撞造山作用,并进入后碰撞构造演化阶段。     

内蒙古巴林右旗晚侏罗世巴彦琥硕花岗岩地球化学特征、锆石U-Pb年龄及Hf同位素组成

巴彦琥硕花岗岩采自内蒙古巴林右旗北部,其主要岩性为中细粒花岗岩、细粒二长花岗岩。通过地球化学、锆石U-Pb定年及Hf同位素分析研究,探讨巴彦琥硕花岗岩成因及其地质意义。锆石U-Pb年代学研究结果表明,巴彦琥硕花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄为150 Ma,形成于晚侏罗世。岩石学和地球化学研究表明:SiO2质量分数不低于71.3%,Al2O3不低于12.15%,w(K2O)+w(Na2O)值为7.74%~8.29%,w(K2O)/w(Na2O)值为0.88~1.57,Sr质量分数为(61.7~197.5)×10-6,Y为(17.3~33.2)×10-6,w(Sr)/w(Y)值低,为1.77~3.56,巴彦琥硕花岗岩属低锶高钇型岩石;岩石轻、重稀土元素分馏明显,w(La)N/w(Yb)N值为3.06~10.89,显示出明显的Eu负异常。锆石Hf同位素分析显示εHf(t)值介于6.1~12.3之间,显示源区亏损的特征。考虑到侏罗世—白垩世期间太平洋板块对中国东部边缘的俯冲作用,巴林右旗北部晚侏罗世巴彦琥硕花岗岩的形成受太平洋板块俯冲作用影响,形成于挤压向伸展体制转换的过渡期。     

胶西北秦姑庵花岗岩体岩石成因及对金成矿的启示：元素地球化学、锆石U—Pb年代学及Lu—Hf同位素制约

本文通过对分布于胶西北地区南部的秦姑庵花岗岩体开展详细的岩石学、岩石地球化学、锆石UPb年代学和锆石LuHf同位素地球化学研究,识别出粗中粒二长花岗岩、斑状中粒二长花岗岩和细粒黑云母二长花岗岩,它们具有相同的地球化学特征和同位素组成,呈连续演化关系,为同源岩浆活动的产物。岩石地球化学研究表明,花岗岩具有高的SiO2（68.73％～75.27％）、全碱（K2O+Na2O=8.39％～8.93％）,低的Al2O3（13.38％～15.84％）、MgO（0.14％～0.98%）、P2O5（0.02％～0.13%）、Sr（118×10-6～520×10-6）、Y（7.03×10-6～12.30×10-6）、Yb（0.78×10-6～1.34×10-6）含量特征,轻稀土（LREE）富集、重稀土（HREE）相对亏损（LREE／HREE=18.39～26.72）,轻、重稀土元素分馏明显［(La/Yb)N＝17.13～42.58］,Eu中等负异常（δEu=0.49～0.76）,富集大离子亲石元素（LILE）,亏损高场强元素（HFSE）。锆石SHRIMP定年结果表明,斑状中粒二长花岗岩形成于（119.9±1.3）Ma,秦姑庵岩体形成于早白垩世晚期,时代上与胶东地区伟德山型花岗岩一致。锆石原位LuHf同位素分析表明,εHf（t）为24.07～19.27,二阶段模式年龄TDM2为2398～2696 Ma,岩浆源区主要来源于古元古代物质的部分熔融,少部分为新太古代基底岩石。岩体形成于加厚下地壳的下部,其残留相可能由斜长石+辉石+角闪石+石榴石组成,相当于麻粒岩相或石榴石麻粒岩相。花岗岩的同位素年龄与胶西北金矿床的成矿时代一致,指示120Ma左右的岩浆活动为金成矿提供了流体和热动力条件。     

山东蒙山侵入岩分布与岩性特征

以野外地质调查为基础,结合前人的岩石学和年代学成果,根据构造作用和岩浆活动,探讨了蒙山的侵入岩分布与岩性特征。蒙山地区地质构造复杂,岩层表现为韧性变形、剪切、岩浆侵入,岩浆活动具多旋回多期次的特点,侵入岩发育。蒙山的主体是距今2 700~2 500 Ma间三期大规模岩浆侵入活动形成的片麻状英云闪长岩、片麻状花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩。2 750~2 600 Ma,万山庄序列超铁镁质—镁铁质侵入岩侵入,泰山序列TTG(Trondhjemite,Tonalite,Granodiorite)岩系侵位。大约2 600~2 500 Ma,先后有黄前序列西店子蛇纹岩,峄山序列中粒奥长花岗岩、片麻状粗中粒黑云母花岗闪长岩、中细粒斑状含黑云母花岗闪长岩,傲徕山、红门序列条带状黑云母二长花岗岩、中粒黑云石英闪长岩等侵入。之后,中元古代约1 621Ma牛岚辉绿岩呈脉状侵入,古生代约465Ma常马庄金伯利岩侵入。大规模的岩浆侵入活动和构造作用,使古陆核发生了多次巨变和反复锻造,形成了坚硬的刚性陆壳,塑造了多种地质遗迹和地质地貌景观。     

ADVANCES IN MEDICO-CHEMICAL GEOGRAPHY IN CHINA

We have made progress in medico-chemical geography as follows: the correlative law of organism with geochemical environment; the geochemico-ecological classification of chemical elements; the types of formative cause of biogeochemical provinces in China; the parabolic correlation between contents of iodine in drinking water and prevalence rate of endemic goiter; the discovery and proof of the low selenium zone in China; the successive discovery of endemic fluorosis of the types of pollution from burning coal, drinking high fluoride tea and high fluoride table salt from the year 1978; the study on chemical geography of schistosomiasis and the compilation of the Atlas of Endemic Diseases and Their Environments in the People's Republic of China.     

综合找矿方法在鲁西地区莱芜高家岭金矿勘查中的应用

高家岭金矿地处鲁西泰莱断陷与鲁村凹陷之间的隆起地带,矿体发育于铜冶店-孙祖断裂上盘下接触面的构造蚀变带中,通过地质、物化探综合技术手段圈定了物化探异常,指导探矿工程的布设,进而发现高家岭金矿,矿体平均品位5.61×10^-6,预测金矿金属量6788kg,达到中型矿床规模,取得了良好的找矿效果。区内综合找矿方法的应用对类似地区金矿的勘查具有借鉴意义。     

试述学校发展电化教育应注意的问题

随着信息社会的发展，新技术和新媒体的出现必然影响学校现代教育的发展。通过阐述发展学校电化教育的应注意的问题，探讨了解决问题的方法。     

临沂市与江苏省四市保障用地做法对比分析

临沂市毗邻江苏省,前者是革命老区,经济欠发达城市,后者则是全国经济发展速度最快的省份之一.经济发展形势的差异使得二者在保障用地的措施做法上产生了差别.文章以江苏省徐州市、宿迁市、南通市和扬州市为例,重点分析了经济发展较快地区化解用地矛盾的做法,并与临沂市作了比较,借以提出了可供经济欠发达地区借鉴的保障发展用地的措施建议.     

山东省烟台市观水镇白垩纪基岩裂隙水供水可行性分析

近年来,由于地下水污染问题加剧,山东省烟台市观水镇生活用水矛盾日益突出,急需寻找优质地下水缓解当地居民用水问题。通过水文地质调查、地球物理勘探、实施探采结合井、抽水试验和水质化验等手段,初步查明了观水镇及附近区域的蓄水构造类型及赋存规律,圈定了优质地下水的富水地段,论证了白垩纪基岩裂隙水供水可行性,为政府相关部门决策、解决村民吃水问题提供科学建议。     

Changes in the small-jellyfish community in recent decades in Jiaozhou Bay, China

We used long term monitoring data to evaluate changes in abundance and species dominance of small-jellyfish (collected with zooplankton net whose bell diameter was less than 5 cm) between 1991 and 2009 in the Jiaozhou Bay, China. Zooplankton samples were vertically towed with conical plankton net from near-bottom to surface, identified microscopically, and mapped in time-space using Grapher 7.0 and Surfer 8.0. Results show that the abundance of small-jellyfish throughout the bay had been increasing during 2001-2009 on average of 15.2 ind./m 3 , almost 5 times higher than that between 1991 and 2000. The occurrence of peak abundance shifted from spring to summer after 2000, and two peaks appeared in spring and summer, respectively, after 2005. Both the abundance and the frequency of blooms of small-jellyfish increased after 2000 in the bay. In addition, the biodiversity of jellyfish has increased significantly in recent years with a change in dominant species. Several new dominant species appeared after 2000, including Rathkae octopunctata in winter, Phialidium hemisphaericum in spring, summer, and autumn, Phialucium carolinae in spring, and Pleurobrachia globosa in summer and autumn, while some previous dominant species throughout the 1990s (Eirene ceylonensis, Zanclea costata, Lovenella assimilis, and Muggiaea atlantica) were no longer dominant after 2000. The abundance of small-jellyfish was positively correlated with the density of dinoflagellates, and the abundance of zooplankton. We believe that the changes in smalljellyfish abundance and species composition were the result of eutrophication, aquaculture and coastal construction activities around the bay. Concurrently, seawater warming and salinity decrease in recent decades promoted the growth and reproduction of small-jellyfish in the bay.     

东营郑南斜坡带砂砾岩体储层微观特征

东营凹陷郑南斜坡带砂砾岩体是古近纪沙四段沉积时期形成的以砂、砾岩为主的近岸水下扇沉积体。储集层岩石结构成熟度和成分成熟度均较低,多为双模态和复模态结构。首先对影响储集层岩石的主要成岩作用进行了描述,分析了该砂砾岩体储集层的孔隙类型和孔隙结构特征。该类砂砾岩体储集层孔隙类型多样,孔隙结构复杂,以中-低孔隙度、低渗透率储层类型为主。     

青岛市城中村土地征用(收)调查

随着全国大部分地区尤其是东部沿海区域城市化发展进入加速期,城区土地资源紧张问题愈发显现。同时城区内大片旧城区和城中村的改造,影响着城市化能否顺利实施,为了破解这一城市发展难题,青岛市国土部门创新思路,探索实施新的城中村土地征用(收)办法,全方位保障被拆迁群众的利益,推动了城市化的顺利实施,促进了社会的和谐和城市经济健康发展。     

Community participation in forest resource management in Nepal

Livelihood of the people in Nepal hills depends much upon forest resources in addition to farming as forest plays a critical role in the well being of the farming households where access to alternative sources, such as energy for cooking, nutrition for animals, materials for fertilizer and constructing materials for shelter, are limited. Thus, the well being of the people in the hills is directly affected by the management of these forest resources. This issue was addressed in this paper by examining the forest resource management practices and its effect on well being of rural people in two different stages in a village lying in the steep hill of Mahabharat Range in the southern hills of Kathmandu valley, Lalitpur District. The main ethnic/caste groups in the villageare Brahmin/Chhetri (high Hindu caste),Magar/Tamang (Tibeto Burmans) and Kami (occupational caste: cobbler). Currently there are four community forest users groups, with mixed ethnic membership, organized to manage the forest resources. The endowments, weak institutional settings, before 1990 helped the Bhramins, Magars and Tamangs to get access into the private forest endowment, which made them easy to get access to the forest resources, mainly fuel wood, fodder and timber in 1990 and enhanced their well beings. But the socially backward Kami could not get benefit from the institutions that existed during that time and had less chance to enhance their well beings. After the set up of different endowments during late 199os, i.e.,hand over of forest management to users groups in line with the concept of community forest,environment to use the forest resources became better for all the groups, along with the management of the forest. This enhanced the well beings of all the groups in the study village. However, the ability of Kami to use the forest resources to enhance their well beings was still lacking behind. The reason was partially due to the difference in endowments carried over from the endowments before 199o, and partly due to their occupational work and location of their settlements.     

RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN DEBRIS FLOW RESEARCH IN ITALY

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