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1.
养殖水体环境与对虾白斑综合症关系的研究进展   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
针对养殖对虾病害频发的现状,就养殖水环境中理化因子、微藻、细菌与对虾白斑综合症(WSS)的相关关系,对前人的研究进行了综述与分析。分析表明养殖水体理化因子的变化将引起养殖对虾WSS的爆发,微藻、细菌的种类和数量变化也与养殖对虾WSS发生有一定关联,提出通过观测水质和藻相可以预警养殖对虾WSS的爆发,构建良好的藻-菌关系和调控良好水质对养殖对虾WSS的预防控制有关键作用。  相似文献   

2.
对中国对虾卵巢和受精卵细胞进行了电子显微镜超微结构观察,发现卵巢内有球状病毒粒子,大小为80nm左右。受精卵细胞内有传染性皮下和造血组织坏死病毒(IHHNV)感染,其严重影响对虾受精卵的发育,从获得的结果来看,中国对虾病毒(IHHNV)垂直传播的可能性极大。  相似文献   

3.
目的:建立滋阴温阳活血颗粒中两种指标性成分(腺苷和山奈酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷)的同时测定方法。方法:采用HPLC法,选用phenomex Kinetex C18色谱柱(4.6mm×250mm,5μm),0.1%磷酸-乙腈为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速1.0ml/min,柱温30℃,进样量10μm,检测波长254nm;以腺苷和山奈酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷为指标性成分,共测定10批滋阴温阳活血颗粒。结果:10批颗粒中,腺苷的含量在2.706~4.132mg/g范围内,山奈酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷的含量在3.692~4.948mg/g范围内。结论:本研究所建立方法快速、准确、高效,能够对滋阴温阳活血颗粒的质量进行科学评价。  相似文献   

4.
广东沿海养殖对虾疾病流行特点及病因   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
胡超群 《海洋科学》1994,18(6):9-10
广东目前人工养殖的对虾有班节对虾(Penaeusmonodon)、中国对虾(P.chinensis)、长毛对虾(P.penicilla-tus)、墨吉对虾(P.merguiensis)、日本对虾(P.japonisus)、刀额新对虾(Metapenaeus ensis)和近缘新对虾(M.affinis)等,是我国南方养殖对虾的重要产区之一。近几年养殖对虾疾病呈加重趋势,已造成巨大的经济损失。本文探讨近两年广东沿海养殖对虾疾病的流行特点及病因。1概况以斑节对虾为主,多品种、多造次交替养殖,即以养殖…  相似文献   

5.
目的:建立高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定绿原酸含量的方法,为药品出厂质量控制提供可靠数据支持。方法:采用Inertsil C18(250mm×4.6mm,5μm)色谱柱,以乙腈-0.4%磷酸溶液(10∶90)为流动相,检测波长为327nm,流速为1.0mL/min。结果:绿原酸进样量在0.1012μg~0.3542μg范围内与峰面积线性关系良好,平均回收率为99.78%,RSD为0.08%。结论:高效液相色谱法简便、灵敏、稳定、准确,无其他成分干扰,可作为金杏感冒止咳颗粒质量控制的有效方法。  相似文献   

6.
本文采用肌肉注射和行为分析的方法,进行了注射多巴胺(DA)和5-羟色胺(5-HT)对对虾争胜行为的研究,比较分析了注射多巴胺(DA)和5-羟色胺(5-HT)对日本囊对虾(Penaeus japonicus)、凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)和中国明对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)争胜行为的影响。多巴胺注射浓度为2×10~(-3)mol/L、2×10~(-4)mol/L,5-羟色胺注射浓度为2×10~(–5)mol/L、2×10~(–6)mol/L,以生理盐水为对照,各设3个平行组。检测注射1h后对虾体内的DA、5-HT含量,分析比较注射DA、5-HT前后及不同对虾种类争胜行为的差异。结果表明,注射多巴胺后三种对虾间的争斗显著增加,HDA比LDA更易激发对虾间的争斗,同种对虾在注射不同浓度多巴胺后与对照组差异均显著(P0.05);相较于对照组,南美白对虾、日本囊对虾、中国明对虾在注射低浓度多巴胺后,对虾平均争斗次数分别增加13.8%、11.1%、21.8%,高浓度多巴胺组分别增加91.0%、64.0%、68.5%;对虾平均争斗次数随着DA浓度的升高而增加;平均优势指数总体呈下降趋势。随着5-HT浓度的增加,对虾的平均争斗次数随之减少,相较于对照组,低浓度5-羟色胺组降幅超过50%,高浓度5-羟色胺组降幅超过270%以上。争斗次数表现为中国明对虾凡纳滨对虾日本囊对虾。平均优势指数随注射5-HT浓度的增加而小幅度上升。  相似文献   

7.
不同养殖期的凡纳滨对虾外壳膜NAGase基本性质比较   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
以不同生长期的凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)的外壳为材料,分离提取外壳膜N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶(EC3.2.1.52,NAGase),测定分析不同生长期的外壳膜NAGase的酶比活力及其性质的变化.结果表明:不同生长期的酶活力、最适温度、催化反应的动力学参数(Km、vm)、活化能等均存在差异.不同生长期酶的最适pH均为5.5.不同生长期的对虾外壳膜NAGase对Cu^2+、Zn^2+和Hg^2+的敏感性也不同.Cu^2+对养殖8周对虾外壳膜NAGase的激活作用最为显著,可以使酶活力提高到400%.Zn^2+对不同生长期的酶活力均有抑制作用,但对成体对虾酶抑制作用最为显著,可以使酶活力下降80%.Hg^2+对各个生长期的酶活力影响效果也不一样,当浓度为0.1mmol/dm^3时,仅对养殖6、8、9周的对虾的酶有激活作用,当Hg“浓度为1.0mmol/dm^3时,五个生长期的虾皮NAGase活力均受到不同程度抑制.  相似文献   

8.
凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)在不同盐度(4,18,32)和温度(22-26℃)水体中养殖,分别于1,5,15和30d后取样,进行不同盐度下凡纳滨对虾血淋巴免疫生理指标比较。结果表明:盐度对凡纳滨对虾血淋巴酚氧化酶、超氧化物歧化酶、酸性磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶活力均有显著影响(P〈0.05)。盐度由32渐变至设定盐度后,实验前期(15d之内),盐度4和18组凡纳滨对虾上述各项指标均呈现一定的波动趋势,至15d后趋于稳定;盐度32组在整个实验过程中基本稳定。稳定后的各项指标均表现在盐度18时最高,盐度4时次之,盐度32时最低。  相似文献   

9.
对虾白斑综合症病毒的诊断和检测   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
对虾白斑综合症病毒(White Spot Syndrome Virus,WSSV)也叫白斑综合症杆状病毒(WSBV)、系统外胚层和中胚层杆状病毒(SEMBV)、日本对虾杆状核病毒(RV-PJ)、对虾杆状DNA病毒(PRDV)、皮下及造血组织坏死杆状病毒(HHNBV)、中国对虾杆状病毒(PCBV)、淋巴样细胞核性杆状病毒(LNBV)(陈秀男等,1994;Wongteerasupaua等,1995;Inouye 等,1994、1996;黄倢等,1995a;战文斌等,1995;陈细法等,1997),是全球对虾养殖业危害性最大的病毒之一。自1992年WSSV暴发性流行以来,造成了对虾养殖业的严重萎缩。鉴…  相似文献   

10.
目的:建立炎可宁丸质量标准。方法:采用显微鉴别法鉴别黄连。采用薄层色谱法(TLC)鉴别黄柏、大黄、黄芩、板蓝根、黄连。采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测定大黄素与大黄酚的含量,使用Phenomenex Luna C18色谱柱(4.6 mm ×250 mm,5μm),以甲醇-0.1%磷酸溶液(85∶15)为流动相,流速为1.0 ml/min,柱温为30℃,检测波长为254 nm。采用HPLC法测定黄芩苷的含量,使用CAPCELL PAK C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),以甲醇-0.1%磷酸溶液(45∶55)为流动相,流速为1.0 ml/min,柱温为30℃,检测波长为280 nm。结果:薄层色谱斑点清晰;大黄素和大黄素酚的线性范围分别为9.3~465.0 ng、11.6~580.0 ng,加样回收率分别为93.3%、98.0%,RSD分别为1.8%、2.7%;黄芩苷的线性范围为68~3400 ng,加样回收率为97.2%,RSD为1.2%。结论:本法简便可靠、结果准确,可用于该制剂的质量控制。  相似文献   

11.
聚多巴胺(polydopamine, PDA)含有大量的酚羟基和氨基官能团, 可以在玻璃、不锈钢、塑料、橡胶、聚四氟乙烯等材料表面黏附, 具有优异的粘附性能, 是重要的功能材料之一。本文对近年来国内外围绕聚多巴胺展开的研究进行了综述, 从聚多巴胺的合成方法、聚合机理和性能出发, 分析总结了当前合成的特点、机理研究的方案和存在的问题, 并对聚多巴胺在海洋防腐领域的应用进行了总结和展望, 旨在为研究者较全面了解聚多巴胺的研究现状提供参考。  相似文献   

12.
分析了海洋测绘教育培训国际化和标准化的原因及进程,论述了海洋测绘国际化教育培训的指导性文件及内容,针对国际化海洋测绘教育培训的特点与发展趋势,提出了发展我国海洋测绘教育培训的对策与建议。  相似文献   

13.
探讨了壳寡糖及全乙酰壳寡糖的制备方法,通过正交实验考察了原料、温度、时间对降解产物的影响.制备了八种寡糖(八乙酰壳二糖、十一乙酰壳三糖、十四乙酰壳四糖和十七乙酰壳五糖,以及N,N′-二乙酰壳二糖、N,N′,N″-三乙酰壳三糖、N,N′,N″,N′′′四乙酰壳四糖和N,N′,N″,N′′′,N′′′′-五乙酰壳五糖),并通过IR、NMR及MS等确定了其化学结构.  相似文献   

14.
The airborne laser scanning LIDAR (LIght Detection And Ranging) provides high-resolution Digital Terrain Models (DTM) that have been applied recently to the characterization, quantification and monitoring of coastal environments. This study assesses the contribution of LIDAR altimetry and intensity data, topographically-derived features (slope and aspect), and multi-spectral imagery (three visible and a near-infrared band), to map coastal habitats in the Bidasoa estuary and its adjacent coastal area (Basque Country, northern Spain). The performance of high-resolution data sources was individually and jointly tested, with the maximum likelihood algorithm classifier in a rocky shore and a wetland zone; thus, including some of the most extended Cantabrian Sea littoral habitats, within the Bay of Biscay. The results show that reliability of coastal habitat classification was more enhanced with LIDAR-based DTM, compared with the other data sources: slope, aspect, intensity or near-infrared band. The addition of the DTM, to the three visible bands, produced gains of between 10% and 27% in the agreement measures, between the mapped and validation data (i.e. mean producer's and user's accuracy) for the two test sites. Raw LIDAR intensity images are only of limited value here, since they appeared heterogeneous and speckled. However, the enhanced Lee smoothing filter, applied to the LIDAR intensity, improved the overall accuracy measurements of the habitat classification, especially in the wetland zone; here, there were gains up to 7.9% in mean producer's and 11.6% in mean user's accuracy. This suggests that LIDAR can be useful for habitat mapping, when few data sources are available. The synergy between the LIDAR data, with multi-spectral bands, produced high accurate classifications (mean producer's accuracy: 92% for the 16 rocky habitats and 88% for the 11 wetland habitats). Fusion of the data enabled discrimination of intertidal communities, such as Corallina elongata, barnacles (Chthamalus spp.), and stands of Spartina alterniflora and Phragmites australis, which presented misclassification when conventional visible bands were used alone. All of these results were corroborated by the kappa coefficient of agreement. The high classification accuracy found here, selecting data sources, highlights the value of integrating LIDAR data with multi-spectral imagery for habitat mapping in the intertidal complex fringe.  相似文献   

15.
The adsorption and desorption of proteins and polyamino acids on illite, montmorillonite, goethite, and marine sediments was investigated. Three 14C-labeled hydrophilic proteins, Rubisco from C. reinhardtii, and GroEL and GroES from genetically modified Escherichia coli, were synthesized and purified for this study. The proteins were strongly and rapidly adsorbed by the clay minerals and marine sediments, and much of the adsorbed protein was not readily desorbed. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) extraction and separation by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and sucrose density gradients showed that Rubisco and GroEL were adsorbed on illite and sediments in their original forms. The apparent adsorption partition coefficients of the proteins were on the order of 102 l/kg on illite, 103–104 l/kg on goethite and montmorillonite, and 200 and 75 l/kg on Skan Bay and Resurrection Bay (Alaska) sediments, respectively. These partition coefficients are sufficiently large to permit sedimentary protein preservation via an adsorptive mechanism. Generally, basic polyamino acids had greater adsorption partition coefficients than acidic polyamino acids. Molecular size did not affect the electrostatic interaction between polyamino acids and mineral surfaces. Adsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and negatively charged polyamino acids inhibited Rubisco adsorption, while positively charged cytochrome c and polyamino acids increased Rubisco adsorption. These results indicate that electrostatic interactions dominated in protein adsorption.  相似文献   

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