平江万古金矿床地球化学研究

平江万古金矿床，成矿物质来源于容矿地层中元古界冷家溪群坪原组，矿床继承了容矿地层富Ａｓ、Ｓｂ、Ｗ等微量元素的特点，成矿流体为与区域浅变质作用有关的ＨＣＯ＿３－－Ｃｌ－－Ｎａ￣＋－Ｃａ￣（２＋）型建造水热液，成矿过程中Ａｕ主要以ＡｕＡｓＳ＿２、ＡｕＡｓＳ＿３￣（２－）络合物形式迁移，矿床形成于中一低温，弱碱性、还原环境。     

四川省石棉县大水沟碲矿床地质,矿物学和地球化学

位于杨子地台西缘的大水沟碲矿床是世界迄今唯一一例独立碲矿床。成矿围岩为一层３０一５０ｍ厚的三叠纪变基性火山岩及厚层状大理岩。矿体呈脉状平行排列，走向ＮＮＥ。成矿作用可以分为磁黄铁矿黄铁矿阶段、辉碲铋矿阶段和黄铜矿黄铁矿（自然金）阶段，其中第二阶段是主要碲矿化阶段。该阶段矿石的碲品位一般为０．２％一５％，富矿石达１５％一２５％。在矿脉两侧围岩蚀变十分发育，于磁黄铁矿黄铁矿阶段矿脉和辉碲铋矿阶段矿脉两侧分别形成以黑云母为主和以白云母为主的两套蚀变组合及分带。岩石地球化学研究表明，从矿脉边侧向外，Ｋ、Ｎａ和Ｃａ组分降低，Ｆｅ和Ｍｇ组分增高。矿脉中白云母的Ｋ－Ａｒ年龄测定为１４９．８６±２．７２Ｍａ。黄铁矿的Ｃｏ／Ｎｉ比值为５６一６５２。成因矿物学和地球化学特征反映出大水沟碲矿床的成矿物质来自深源，其成矿作用可能与区域上燕山期碱性岩浆或碱质花岗岩活动有关。成矿时磁黄铁矿黄铁矿阶段的硫逸度（ｆｓ＿２）为１０￣（－１６．７），碲逸度（ｆＴｅ＿２）为１０￣（－１５）一１０￣（－１４）；辉碲铋矿阶段的ｆｓ＿２１０￣（－１４）一１０￣（－１１．５）和ｆＴｅ＿２１０￣（－１１．２）一１０￣（－１０．５）。     

一种尚未定名的Ni—As—S—Se矿物相

Ｎｉ－Ａｓ－Ｓ－Ｓｅ矿物相首次发现于西秦岭南亚带拉尔玛－邛莫金－铜－铀建造矿床中。与其共生的矿物有：硒汞矿、硒铅矿、硒梯矿、硒硫锑矿、硒硫锑铜矿、自然金、重晶石、石英等。该矿物颗粒细小，粒度小于１０μｍ。在反光显微镜下呈白色，无内反射现象，为一均质矿物。两个点的电子探针分析结果（ＷＢ％）：Ｎｉ２４．１２３￣２９．３７８，Ａｓ２７．５７４￣３３．８９５，Ｈｇ７．５９１￣５．３５９，Ｓ１３．９３９￣１     

佛子冲含银铅锌矿床银的赋存状态及分布规律的研究

佛子冲中温热液型含银铅锌矿床银主要来源于燕山期岩浆，部分来源于围岩。矿床的形成明显受岩浆、构造和围岩性质的控制；铅锌矿床中的伴生银含量为３５×１０￣（－６）—５９×１０￣（－６），具有综合利用价值；矿石中的银以均匀分散态存在，少量以显微的独立银矿物形式存在，主要富集于方钻矿中；矿石中银矿物的出现和富集与矿石的结构构造和方铅矿含银量高低有关；银在矿床空间上具有明显的正向分布规律。     

我国首次发现的Cu6SnWS8矿

Ｃｕ６ＳｎＷＳ８矿是一种罕见矿物，在我国属首次发现，该矿物平均化学成分为：Ｃｕ４０．１９％，Ｓ ２６．２３％，Ｗ ２０．０２％，Ｓｎ １３．４９。本文就目前所获得的成果，介绍一下它的地质产状，伴生矿物及矿物的物理、化学特征。     

对碘偶氮氯膦与铅显色反应及其应用

研究了对碘偶氮氯膦（ＣＰＡ－ｐＩ）与Ｐｂ￣２＋的显色反应。在ｐＨ５．８的（ＣＨ＿２）＿６Ｎ。－ＮＯ＿３缓冲介质中，Ｐｂ￣２＋与ＣＰＡ－ｐｌ形成１：２的蓝绿色配合物，在６７５ｎｍ处测定配合物的吸光度，其表现摩尔吸光系数为２．４７×１０￣４Ｌ．ｍｏｌ￣－１·ｃｍ￣－１Ｐｂ￣２＋浓度在０～１．１６×１０￣－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ即０～２．４μｍｌ）符合比尔定律。试验了２０余种共存离子的影响，经共沉淀结合巯基棉分离预处理试样溶液后，测定了硫精砂中微量Ｐｂ的含量。     

朝鲜人民共和国Wolyu Au－Ag－Ge脉状矿床的形成环境

Ｗｏｌｙｕ矿床是Ｙｏｕｎｇｄｏｎｇ地区最大的脉状低温热液Ａｕ－Ａｇ矿床之一，也是朝鲜第一个赋存于硫银锗矿物之中的富锗Ａｕ－Ａｇ矿床。穿切晚石炭纪凝灰岩和石英斑岩（８１．５±１．８Ｍａ）的矿脉（７８．９±１．２Ｍａ）由分属三个矿化阶段的石英和碳酸盐组成。第一矿化阶段的石英和碳酸盐中含有黄铁矿、贱金属和金银矿。第Ｉ矿化阶段的Ａｇ－Ａｕ－Ｇｅ矿脉的矿物组合随着时间演化发生系统的变化：①石英＋黄铁矿；②石英十黄铁矿＋银金矿十辉银矿＋闪锌矿；③碳酸盐十石英＋闪锌矿＋银金矿十辉银矿；④碳酸盐＋自然金＋辉银矿＋银硫矿＋硫银锗矿＋闪锌矿。温度和硫离子活度的计算值为：组合①３６０～２８０℃，１０￣（－７）～１０￣（－１０）；组合②２８０～２１０℃，１０￣（－１０）～１０￣（－１４）；组合③２１０～１８０℃，１０￣（－１４）～１０￣（－１６）；组合④１８８～１５５℃，１０￣（－１７）～１０￣（－１８）。上述数据、金与硫化物紧密共生以及蚀变带中黄铁矿的大量存在都说明了硫离子活度降低和冷却在金的沉淀中起了重要的作用。随着时间演化成矿流体中氢、氧同位素均显示出系统的变化。在主要的Ａｇ－Ａｕ－Ｇｅ成矿过程中，随着石英向碳酸盐的转变δＤ     

杂多酸体系极谱波测定钢中微量磷

在０．１３ｍｏ１／ＬＮ＿２ＳＯ＿４及８％丙酮介质中，ｐ（Ⅴ）－Ｓｂ（Ⅲ）－Ｗ（Ⅵ）三元杂多酸在示波极谱仪上产生一良好的吸附还原波。峰电位为一０．５２Ｖ（υｓ．ＳＣＥ），峰电流（导数波高）与Ｐ浓度在８．０×１０￣（－７）～２．０×１０￣（－５）ｍｏｌ／Ｌ范围内呈线性关系，检测下限为２．０×１０￣（－７）ｍｏｌ／Ｌ。对极谱波的性质进行了探讨，用该法测定了钢标样中的微量Ｐ，结果与推荐值相符。     

甲基异丁基甲酮萃取－石墨炉平台原子吸收法测定地质样品中痕量硒和碲

样品经ＨＮＯ＿３－ＨＦ－ＨＣｌＯ＿４分解，在５．４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＨＣｌ介质中，以抗坏血酸为还原剂用甲基异丁基甲酮同时萃取样品中的Ｓｅ、Ｔｅ。以Ｐｄ和Ｎｉ作混合基体改进剂，使用自制的涂锆石墨平台直接测定有机相中的Ｓｅ、Ｔｅ。方法的检出限分别为０．２１×１０￣（－９）ｇＳｅ，０．１３×１０￣（－９）ｇＴｅ；测定０．０６ｇＳｅ、０．０３ｇＴｅ的ＲＳＤ（ｎ＝１１）分别为７．０％和８．９％。     

白银厂铜多金属矿田微量元素和稀土元素地球化学研究

与日本黑矿及现代海底火山岩为主岩矿床相比，白银厂矿田各类矿石，尤其是块状Ｚｎ－Ｐｂ－Ｃｕ矿石具有最高的Ａｓ和Ｂｉ含量，比较高的Ｇａ、Ｃｄ和Ａｕ含量，以及较高的Ａｕ／Ａｇ和Ｃｏ／Ｎｉ比值。该矿田矿石的Ａｕ含量与闪锌矿中铁含量呈负相关关系。小铁山矿床闪锌矿与日本黑矿的闪锌矿微量元素特征很相似。矿田各类矿石ＲＥＥ型式与细碧角斑岩类岩石基体相似，这说明矿石与岩石的物质来源基本一致。研究和对比表明，火山成因     

Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites

Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.     

硅酸盐类样品中硅、铁、铝、钛、锰、钙、镁、钾、钠和磷的x射线荧光光谱测定

本文拟定了一种以熔融法制备样片,用X射线荧光光谱测定硅酸盐类样品中Si、Fe、Al、Tj、Mn、Ca、Mg、K、Na、P等元素的分析方法。在对不同靶材X光管和分光晶体实验对比的基础上,选择了最佳的测量条件。该法具有快速、准确,测量范围广,检测限低,价格便宜等优点。经过近百个各种类型标样或管理样品的分析对比表明,本法不仅适用于硅酸盐类岩石样品的分析,还适用于铁矿、铝土矿、碳酸盐类岩矿样品以及水泥、耐火材料等样品的分析。     

高压微波消解法测定醋酸纤维过滤器采集的微尘粒子中的砷镉钴铬铜铁锰镍铅钒锌

最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

Viscous, cohesive, non-Newtonian, depositing, radial slurry flow

Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance.     

硅酸盐中铁、锰、钛、钙、钾、磷、硅、铝、镁、钠、锶、铷、钡的X-射线荧光光谱定量测定

本文介绍样品经四硼酸锂熔融制成玻璃小饼。采用Lachance模式和理论a系数来校正元素间的效应,由3080E型X-射线荧光谱仪和DF-350B数据处理系统完成硅酸盐中十三个项目的测定。     

岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率

在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。     

Bellechester,Minnesota, USA,lagoon collapses

Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×10⁶ 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m³ of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes.     

Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA

The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources.     

滇东南花岗岩与锡、银、铜、铅、锌多金属矿床的成因关系

滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床.