不同时频分析方法的精度比较及应用

在传统的地震资料分析、处理和属性分析提取等研究中,基于平稳信号分析处理理论的傅里叶变换是核心技术之一。地震信号往往是非线性、非平稳信号,传统傅里叶变换是一种整体变换,难于反映非平稳信号的局部特征,而时频分析技术能同时展示信号在时间域和频率域的局部化特征。在介绍几种地震常用的时频分析方法基础上,进一步深入研究自适应时频分析方法。理论分析和试验表明,自适应最优核时频分布在抑制交叉项的同时,时频聚集性也较好,因此,更有利于地震勘探信号的分析和地震属性的提取、频谱分解等。     

水声信号时频分析方法比较及应用研究

浅海中的宽带水声信号传播呈现出频散的特点,通过高分辨率的时频分析方法可以刻画频散曲线。通过数值仿真和实验数据处理,对比分析几类常用的时频分析方法在提取宽带声信号频散曲线方面的性能。结果表明:STFT时频局部化精度不够高;在较强频散的情况下,DSTFT时频分辨率较高。WVD时频聚集性最好,但是有严重的交叉项干扰;固定核函数的CWD较好地抑制交叉项,时频分辨率虽优于STFT,但弱化了时频聚集性;AOK时频分布采用自适应高斯核函数,在抑制交叉项的同时,时频聚集性较好,有望较好地用于提取信号频散曲线。     

时频分析技术在储层分析中的应用

时频分析是对地震信号进行分解,可以在不同频带上显示不同级别的地质现象。采用连续小渡变换方法,对地震资料进行储层时频分析和分频属性提取,时频主极值频率曲线与伽马曲线有较好对应关系,尤其是其低频趋势线。对A区块周边的两口井井旁道进行了时频分析,揭示出该区15Hz低频数据体与储层及含油气相关性较好。针对这一特征,对该区三维地震体进行了运算及属性提取,描述其储层展布。     

多子波地震道分解技术在平湖油气田的应用

多子波地震道分解是一种新的地震道分解技术,它是以分解算法将地震道分解成不同形状,不同频率的子波。利用多子波地震道分解等技术,对东海平湖油气田花港组油藏地震数据体进行多子波地震道分解与重构、频谱衰减和数据体波形分解等应用研究,找出了与钻井资料吻合,并含有地质意义的属性,勾画出该地区主要油藏的含油气范围和有利目标,取得了较好的应用效果。     

基于小波分频的Q值补偿技术在东海中深层油气勘探中的应用

东海陆架盆地是中国近海最大的边缘海盆地,其地下地质结构较为复杂,地震剖面的中深层地震资料品质较差,常规的地震波能量补偿技术很难获得有效的地层信息,从而制约了东海陆架盆地中深层构造结构研究及中深层油气勘探。基于此,本文利用基于小波分频的地层Q值补偿技术,该技术针对东海陆架盆地中深层地震资料的频率特点,逐点进行小波分频处理,得到目标频率信息的地震数据,在此数据基础上利用小波域谱比法计算地层Q值,避免了其他频率信息对提取Q值的影响,提高了Q值提取的稳定性,最后进行地层Q值的振幅和相位补偿。模型和实例分析表明,该方法有效地补偿了东海陆架盆地中深层地震资料的振幅和相位,提高了主频,展宽了频带,从而提高了中深层地震资料的质量,有利于后期地震资料的反演。     

基于三参数S变换的多级重心频率衰减梯度属性分析

本文提出一种基于三参数S变换的多级重心频率衰减梯度属性并将其用于储层预测。首先,利用三参数S变换计算地震信号目的层的时频谱;然后利用信号的多级重心选定拟合频段并计算每个时刻振幅谱的高频段频率衰减梯度,得到属性值;最后利用频率衰减梯度属性值的变化进行含油气储层预测。理论模型和实际数据应用结果表明,与常规频率衰减梯度属性对比,基于三参数S变换提取的多级重心频率衰减梯度属性更加稳定,能更好地刻画储层的边界和识别油气。     

时频分析在北黄海东部坳陷中生界储层的应用

北黄海东部坳陷有利勘探区块为发育在斜坡上的扇三角洲沉积相,砂岩储层薄,横向变化大,利用常规的地震属性难以圈闭有利储集层,时频分析技术是寻找薄储层最有利的手段。通过研究短时窗傅里叶变换、连续小波变换、时频连续小波变换和S变换等几种经典时频分析方法的特点,分别从时间分辨率、频率分辨率总结了各自的优缺点和适应性,最后优选出S变换对北黄海东部坳陷地震资料进行频谱分解。结果表明,该项技术提高了地震分辨率,对地层细节的刻画更清晰,有效地识别了断层边界,并且能够预测储集层的沉积环境变化及沉积相划分,频谱分解方法是该研究区进行储层预测的新方法和新手段。     

基于同步挤压变换的水合物储层地震信号时频分析

同步挤压变换是一种新的时频分析方法,通过对信号进行小波变换,并重排(挤压)所得到的小波系数谱,得到比小波变换等常用时频变换更高的时频分辨率。使用同步挤压变换对含水合物储集层的合成地震数据以及南海神狐海域的实测地震资料进行了处理,并与小波变换结果进行了对比。结果表明,同步挤压变换对地震数据的处理结果具有更高的时频分辨率,能够反映地震信号频率的精细变化,用于识别和圈定水合物储层。     

频谱分解技术在南黄海崂山隆起的应用

频谱分解技术是将地震信号从时间域转换到频率域,分析振幅、相位在频率域的变化。频谱分解能够得到高于常规地震剖面分辨率的成像效果,提高不同地质体对信号的响应能力。针对南黄海崂山隆起碳酸盐岩,通过对比短时傅里叶变换、连续小波变换和S变换等不同算法的频谱分解方法,探讨了各自的适用特点,最后优选出S变换对南黄海崂山隆起地震资料进行频谱分解。结果表明,该项技术提高了地震分辨率,为研究区储层和断层识别奠定了基础。     

基于图像处理的回声定位信号检测方法

鲸豚类海洋哺乳动物发出的回声定位信号是一种频率较高的短时脉冲信号,研究回声定位信号检测方法有助于快速、准确地检测海洋哺乳动物发声,进而更好地保护海洋哺乳动物.本文提出了一种基于图像处理的鲸豚类动物回声定位信号检测方法.该方法首先对收集到的数据进行分帧,计算每帧信号的时频图;使用Frangi滤波器对时频图进行滤波,以降低...     

Processing irregular wave measurements to enhance point absorber power capture performance

The paper aims at introducing practical methods for power capture performance enhancement of a heaving wave energy converter in irregular seas. The optimum control solution requires tuning to wave frequency based on wave force information. However, identification of the wave frequency in irregular seas is considered to be a complex and difficult task. This is partly due to technical difficulties in determination of the wave force. Besides, there are no clear guidelines for identification of wave frequency from an irregular sea state based wave force information. In a typical application, one of the available sources of information about the wave properties is the wave elevation record. The proposed approach presents a method for estimation of the wave frequency information from the wave elevation data by using signal processing and filtering techniques. The proposed method uses filters to generate an estimation of wave force information, which is used to identify the local wave frequency by method of a time-series analysis of the data. This wave frequency information is then used in tuning the device. The details of the proposed techniques, the model of the wave energy converter, the simulated sea states and the related simulation results are also presented.     

基于HHT方法的地层Q值补偿方法研究

常规的基于叠后地震资料的地层Q值补偿方法受数据平均效应的影响,Q值估算精度较低,导致保真性差,而HHT时频分析可以反映出信号的局部信息,基于以上原因,提出一种基于HHT方法的地层Q值补偿方法。首先应用HHT分频技术将浅层、中深层地震数据分成不同的频率范围,得到不同目标层频率尺度的地震数据;然后在HHT时频域内通过谱比法提取Q值;最后分别进行地层Q值振幅补偿和相位补偿。该方法针对不同的目标地层将地震数据分解成不同的频率尺度,避免了不同频率成分之间的干扰,而且可针对性处理目标层的频率信息,提高了地层Q值提取的稳定性。模型试算和实际资料应用表明,该方法能够有效地对振幅和相位进行补偿,使中深层反射波形得到恢复,主频提高,频带展宽,地震资料的品质得到提升。     

EMD方法和Hilbert谱分析法的应用与探讨

利用EMD方法对海浪观测资料进行处理 ,通过在数据两端的“平衡位置”处分别附加平行直线段的方法进行端点抑制 ,分解出 1 0个内在模函数和 1个剩余趋势项 ,再对各内在模函数进行Hilbert变换 ,得到波浪的Hilbert谱。对所得结果的分析表明 ,各模态在Hilbert谱中的分布趋势和Fourier谱中谱线的变化趋势是一致的 ,第一模态的中心频率与Fourier谱的谱峰频率相对应 ;EMD方法是对非线性、非平稳过程数据进行距平化的好方法 ,距平化的过程和消除趋势项的处理是统一的。     

Modeling the generation and gravity-capillary waves using an underwater sound source

This is an experimental study of the acoustic method of surface-wave excitation using an underwater source of high-frequency (950 kHz) sound. The surface waves are excited at the sound-beam modulation frequency (3–55 Hz). For a normal fall onto the free surface, the modulated sound beam efficiently generates waves in the gravity-capillary range. This provides flexible electronic control of the main wave parameters (frequency and amplitude) in the packet and continuous modes. The amplitude-frequency characteristics of the process of surface-wave generation were obtained by numerical calculations (based on equations for the rate of acoustic flux and propagation of gravity-capillary surface waves) and by experiments (based on surface wave measurements by optical and contact methods). Both values are very consistent: on the background of a similar monotonic attenuation with frequency, they have a local dip near the minimum of the phase velocity and oscillation in the frequency range above 20 Hz. The experiments on the excitation of wave packets by single acoustic messages with varying lengths and powers, as well as by falling water drops, indicated that, in all cases, the phase characteristics are satisfactorily consistent with one another and the time needed for the signal to arrive at the measurement point is determined by the group velocity.     

Methods to Improve the Long Distance Time-Varying Channel Transmission Performance of Expendable Profiler

To improve the transmission performance of XCTD channel, this paper proposes a method to measure directly and fit the channel transmission characteristics by using frequency sweeping method. Sinusoidal signals with a frequency range of 100 Hz to 10 k Hz and an interval of 100 Hz are used to measure transmission characteristics of channels with lengths of 300 m, 800 m, 1300 m, and 1800 m. The correctness of the fitted channel characteristics by transmitting square wave, composite waves of different frequencies, and ASK modulation are verified. The results show that when the frequency of the signal is below 1500 Hz, the channel has very little effect on the signal. The signal compensated for amplitude and phase at the receiver is not as good as the uncompensated signal.Alternatively, when the signal frequency is above 1500 Hz, the channel distorts the signal. The quality of signal compensated for amplitude and phase at receiver is better than that of the uncompensated signal. Thus, we can select the appropriate frequency for XCTD system and the appropriate way to process the received signals. Signals below1500 Hz can be directly used at the receiving end. Signals above 1500 Hz are used after amplitude and phase compensation at the receiving end.     

高阶边界元方法求解规则波在三维局部渗透海床上的传播

基于线性势流理论,利用高阶边界元法研究了规则波在三维局部渗透海床上的传播。根据Darcy渗透定律推导出渗透海床的控制方程,利用渗透海床顶部和海底处法向速度和压强连续条件得到渗透海床顶部满足的边界条件。根据绕射理论,利用满足自由水面条件的格林函数建立了求解渗透海床绕射势的边界积分方程,采用高阶边界元方法求解边界积分方程进而得到自由水面的绕射势和波浪在局部渗透海床上传播过程中幅值的变化情况。通过与已发表的波浪对圆柱形暗礁的时域全绕射结果对比,证明了本文建立的频域方法计算波幅的正确性和有效性。利用这一模型研究了三维矩形渗透海床区域上波浪的传播特性,并分析了入射波波长、海床渗透特性系数等参数对波浪传播的影响。     

经验模态与小波分解在光学遥感内波参数提取中的应用

内波遥感参数提取是利用遥感影像研究海洋内波的重要手段,通过提取内波的基本参数可以对海洋内波的生成与传播机制进行进一步的研究。提出了利用经验模态分解、小波分解与高阶多项式拟合从光学影像中提取内波半波宽度的方法。经验模态分解与小波分解对内波剖面数据进行尺度分解,根据归一化方差最大来提取内波分量;多项式拟合基于内波剖面的亮暗条纹变化完全由内波调制的假设,对数据进行拟合,并根据一阶导数来提取半波宽度。用南海北部东沙岛附近2004年7月10日的中-巴资源卫星(China-Brazil Earth Resources Satellite,CBERS)影像对方法进行了验证。结果表明,3种方法能较好地提取所需参数,获取的内波半波宽度具有较好的一致性;上述方法在处理非平稳及非线性遥感数据上,具有非常明显的优势。基于一维非线性内波理论,通过提取的内波半波宽度,辅以水深和混合层深度数据,反演了内波的振幅。     

A time reversal damage imaging method for structure health monitoring using Lamb waves

This paper investigates the Lamb wave imaging method combining time reversal for health monitoring of a metallic plate structure. The temporal focusing effect of the time reversal Lamb waves is investigated theoretically. It demonstrates that the focusing effect is related to the frequency dependency of the time reversal operation. Numerical simulations are conducted to study the time reversal behaviour of Lamb wave modes under broadband and narrowband excitations. The results show that the reconstructed time reversed wave exhibits close similarity to the reversed narrowband tone burst signal validating the theoretical model. To enhance the similarity, the cycle number of the excited signal should be increased. Experiments combining finite element model are then conducted to study the imaging method in the presence of damage like hole in the plate structure. In this work, the time reversal technique is used for the recompression of Lamb wave signals. Damage imaging results with time reversal using broadband and narrowband excitations are compared to those without time reversal. It suggests that the narrowband excitation combined time reversal can locate and determine the size of structural damage more precisely, but the cycle number of the excited signal should be chosen reasonably.     

Ambient noise in the natural surf zone: wave-breaking frequencies

Ambient noise in the surf zone, in the frequency range 120 Hz to 5 kHz, was recorded using a broad-band hydrophone, located approximately 1 m above bottom and 1-2 m below the mean sea surface. The predominant source of this noise is breaking waves. Analysis of simultaneous land-based video observations of the sea surface in the region of the hydrophone, along with wave height data, reveals quantitative correlation between wave-breaking events and the hydrophone signal. In energetic surf, locally breaking waves appear as discrete events in the ambient noise spectra. Distant breaking events do not appear to be detected, as distinct events above the ambient background noise, by the hydrophone. The noise events associated with local breakers are characterized by an asymmetry in the time envelope: low frequencies (less than 500 Hz) are observed leading the breaking crest, followed by a broader range of frequencies peaking in intensity with the passage of the wave crest above the hydrophone, and then decreasing abruptly at all frequencies. Low frequencies are generally not observed trailing the breaking wave. The detection by the hydrophone of breaking waves in the immediate vicinity implies that ambient noise in heavy surf provides a means of studying breaking-wave statistics in the surf zone in situ: in particular, the frequency of occurrence of local breaking     

Extreme Wave Simulation with Iterative Adaptive Approach in Numerical Wave Flume

Extreme wave is highly nonlinear and may occur due to diverse reasons unexpectedly.The simulated results of extreme wave based on wave focusing,which were generated using high order spectrum method,are presented.The influences of the steepness,frequency bandwidth as well as frequency spectrum on focusing position shift were examined,showing that they can affect the wave focusing significantly.Hence,controlled accurate generation of extreme wave at a predefined position in wave flume is a difficult but important task.In this paper,an iterative adaptive approach is applied using linear dispersion theory to optimize the control signal of the wavemaker.The performance of the proposed approach is numerically investigated for a wide variety of scenarios.The results demonstrate that this approach can reproduce accurate wave focusing effectively.