栉江珧解剖卵的体外促熟研究

本研究探讨了在不同浓度或不同处理时间下氨海水、5-羟色胺、多巴胺和维生素对栉江珧(Atrina pectinata)解剖卵的促熟作用。通过体外浸泡的方法处理栉江珧卵母细胞使其成熟,并完成人工授精。研究表明:浓度0.008%~0.014%的氨海水处理40~60min可显著提高栉江珧解剖卵的生发泡破裂率和受精率(P0.05),且胚胎的畸形率较低,栉江珧解剖卵的促熟效果最好;而5-羟色胺、多巴胺和维生素对栉江珧解剖卵的体外促熟的效果不明显。通过人工授精、早期胚胎发育观察,本研究阐明了栉江珧卵子的最佳促熟条件,得到了育苗生产所需的幼虫量,为确立栉江珧人工育苗技术提供了基础资料。     

6-DMAP诱导太平洋牡蛎三倍体 5.孵化率和D幼畸形率与三倍体诱导率的关系

１９９６～１９９７年,在进行６－ＤＭＡＰ（６－二甲基氨基嘌呤）诱导太平洋牡蛎三倍体实验的同时,进行胚胎孵化率和Ｄ形幼虫畸形率与三倍体诱导率关系的研究。解剖法获取精卵,人工授精。三因素三水平Ｌ９（３４）正交试验、分组的实验结果表明：胚胎孵化率与三倍体诱导率间呈不显著的负相关（ｒ＝－０．０７４）,ｙ＝６４．９２５－０．０５６ｘ;Ｄ形幼虫畸形率与三倍体诱导率间呈显著的正相关（ｒ＝０．３８５,Ｐ＜０．０５）,ｙ＝１２．１３５＋０．２７２ｘ。三因素四水平Ｌ１６（４５）正交试验、分组的实验结果表明：胚胎孵化率与三倍体诱导率间呈不显著的负相关（ｒ＝－０．２１０）,ｙ＝７６．６１８－０．４７１ｘ;Ｄ形幼虫畸形率与三倍体诱导率间呈不显著的负相关（ｒ＝－０．０２２）,ｙ＝２３．１１５－０．０２９ｘ。讨论提出：在保证一定的三倍体诱导率的前提下,对获取的精卵进行离体促熟和必要的洗卵、缩短诱导持续时间,是提高胚胎孵化率和降低Ｄ形幼虫畸形率的重要措施。     

中国蛤蜊繁殖生物学的初步研究

结合土池育苗的试验,对中国蛤蜊的繁殖习性和胚胎发育过程进行了研究。中国蛤蜊在山东省海阳市丁字湾海区的繁殖期为6~8月,7月下旬至8月上旬为产卵盛期。鲜出肉率的变化与性腺发育具有明显的相关性,产卵前达到最大,为45.3%。水温在20℃以上时性腺发育速度明显加快,23~24℃肥满度最大。可用阴干、流水或降低盐度等方法诱导其排放精卵,也可进行解剖受精。中国蛤蜊雌雄异体,个别雌雄同体。胚胎发育可在盐度18~30,温度20~28℃条件下进行,超过30℃则引起幼虫大量死亡。     

旗江珧不同组织中酯酶和过氧化物歧化酶同工酶的表达

旗江珧 (ＡｔｒｉｎａｖｅｘｉｌｕｍＢｏｒｎ )是一种经济价值极高的海珍品 ,个体壳长可达５０ｃｍ,而其肥满的后闭壳肌约占体长的四分之一 ,是最有发展潜力的贝类养殖新品种之一。国内外有关旗江珧的研究报道极少［１,２］,目前尚无其生化特性及同工酶表达相关研究的报道。本文研究了旗江珧的消化盲囊、肾、鳃、后闭壳肌和外套膜５种组织的酯酶 (ＥＳＴ)和过氧化物歧化酶 (ＳＯＤ)两种同工酶 ,并对其酶谱表型及表达位点进行了分析。１材料和方法１．１材料采集及样品制备实验贝为采自广东湛江覃斗海区的天然贝 ,贝龄１～２龄 ,体重１５…     

6-DMAP诱导太平洋牡蛎三倍体——4.四倍体现象的研究

１９９６～１９９７年,在进行６－二甲基氨基嘌呤（６－ＤＭＡＰ）诱导太平洋牡蛎产生三倍体的实验过程中,发现一定数量的四倍体。解剖法获取精卵,人工授精。染色体倍性鉴别采用染色体计数法。（１）三因素四水平Ｌ１６（４５）正交设计。试验平行重复２次。最高四倍体诱导率为４０．０±０．０％。太平洋牡蛎四倍体各诱导因素的最优水平组合：当精卵混合２０ｍｉｎ时,将受精卵浸泡在含６－ＤＭＡＰ４５０μｍｏｌＬ－１的海水中１０ｍｉｎ;决定四倍体产生的三因素的主次顺序：６－ＤＭＡＰ浓度→诱导时机→诱导持续时间。（２）三因素三水平Ｌ９（３４）正交设计。试验平行重复３次。最高四倍体诱导率为９．６±４．９％。诱导太平洋牡蛎四倍体各因素的最优水平组合：当５０％受精卵出现第一极体时,将受精卵浸泡在含６－ＤＭＡＰ４５０μｍｏｌＬ－１的海水中１５ｍｉｎ;决定四倍体产生的三因素的主次顺序：诱导时机→６－ＤＭＡＰ浓度→诱导持续时间。     

栉江珧亲贝室内升温促熟培育技术的研究

研究了栉江珧种贝在繁殖期之前提早入池培育,通过逐渐升温和强化营养等技术措施,促使栉江珧种贝提早成熟产卵排精。实验证表明,可以根据室内培养期间的肥满度变化,来决定诱导产卵排精时间,当肥满度达到50%以上时,即可进行诱导产卵排精,其个体平均产卵量为800万粒。闭壳肌指数的变化情况跟肥满度变化情况正好相反,但不如肥满度明显。     

栉江珧第1卵裂抑制型雌核发育二倍体人工诱导的研究

利用6-二甲基氨基嘌呤(60 mg/L;6-DMAP)抑制第一卵裂,成功诱导出栉江珧(Atrina pectinata)雌核发育二倍体.研究结果表明在培养温度为24℃的条件下,受精后60 min用质量浓度为60 mg/L的6-DMAP处理栉江珧受精卵15 min进行雌核发育二倍体的诱导效果理想,D形幼虫发生率和诱导率分别为14.7%和22.7%.细胞学观察显示,6-DMAP阻止了纺锤体的形成和染色体的移动,导致一个融合的二倍性雌性原核的形成.本研究结果首次提供了栉江珧雌核发育二倍体的细胞学证据.     

光棘球海胆育苗技术的初步研究

作者摸清了光棘球海胆的繁殖季节、胚胎发育及幼体生长时序,掌握了诱导产卵和人工授精技术,对浮游幼体及稚海胆的培育提出了一系列的技术措施.     

重组酵母菌对牙鲆非特异性免疫能力的影响

于１９９９年１０－１１月间在荣成市寻山养殖场实验了饲喂含有大麻哈鱼生长激素基因的重组酵母对１龄牙鲆非特异性免疫能力的影响。实验分为对照组和３个实验组,对照组的饵料中不含重酵母菌,实验组我饵料中分别含有重组酵母菌０．２５‰、０．５０‰、０．７５‰（Ｗ／Ｗ）。实验表明,通过投喂重组酵母菌,可以增加牙鲆血清蛋白的含量,增强牙鲆血清中深菌酶及抗蛋白酶物质的活性,这种影响与重组酵母菌的含量成正相关。     

重组酵母菌对牙鲆生长及血清激素含量的影响

于１９９８年１０－１１月间在荣成市寻山养殖场实验了饲喂具有大麻哈鱼生长激素基因的酵母菌对牙鲆的生长及其血清激素的影响。实验分为对照组和三组实验组,其中对照组的铒料中不含重组酵菌,实验组的铒料中分别含有重组酵母菌０．２５‰、０．５０‰、０．７５‰（Ｗ／Ｗ）。实验表明,通过投喂重组酵母菌,可以增加牙 血清生长激素的含量,牙促进牙鲆的生长。重组酵母菌的含量不同,对牙鲆血清甲状腺素和三碘甲状腺原氨酸的影响     

Microbial Biomass and Organic Nutrients in the Deep-Sea Sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin

In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance.     

Assessing the Validity of Seismo-Acoustic Predictor Equations for Obtaining Seabed and Sub-Surface Sediment Physical Properties

The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths.     

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中桩周土强度弱化研究

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。     

Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification

An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm.     

Interannual Sea Level Variations and Annual Tides in the Northwestern Pacific

Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone.     

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Coastal Lagoon Bacterioplankton and Picophytoplankton: Fixation and Storage Effects

The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics.     

INFORMATION FOR AUTHORS

<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology,     

Deep-Sea Sediment Compression Curves: Some Controlling Factors, Spurious Overconsolidation, Predictions, and Geophysical Reproduction

Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations.