地面气象观测资料电子档案的安全性

为了加强地面气象观测资料的电子档案安全管理,适应信息时代气象现代化业务建设的需要,以确保电子文件的真实性、完整性和有效性,提高气象电子档案的利用率,论述了电子档案安全性问题的特点,以及其与电子文件格式类型的关系.合适的电子文件格式对电子档案安全有重要意义,分析了纯文本文件和数据库文件这两种典型文件格式类型的特点,提出了通过建立纯文本文件和数据库文件相互备份机制,不仅可以最大程度地提高电子档案资料的安全性,而且可以提高档案资料的管理、服务及开发利用能力.     

浅谈气象记录电子档案的有效管理

从档案数字化的角度,对气象记录电子档案组织的成套性、内容及软件的专业性、数据修改的动态性、信息载体的可分离性、气象信息的可操作性、寿命不如纸质档案几个方面的特点和气象记录电子文件的归档和保管进行了探讨和分析、并对气象记录电子档案的管理提出建议。     

浅谈气象记录电子档案的特点及管理

从档案数字化的角度，对气象记录电子档案组织的成套性、内容及软件的专业性、数据修改的动态性、信息载体的可分离性、气象信息的可操作性、寿命不如纸质档案7个方面的特点和气象记录电子文件的归档和保管进行了探讨和分析，并对气象记录电子档案的管理提出建议。     

气象科技档案信息化建设发展与思考

如今是信息化社会,电子文件在工作和学习中经常使用,并由此形成大量新的档案载体存储形式-电子档案。档案信息化是档案工作科技创新的客观要求和必然发展趋势,是档案工作的一场革命,是传统档案管理走向现代化管理的标志。气象科技档案信息化,就是气象科技档案管理模式从以面向纸质档案实体保管为重点,向以档案实体的数字化信息这种主要形式为保管和服务为重心的转变过程。主要包括：基础设施建设、气象科技档案信息资源建设、应用系统建设等方面。     

档案文件数字化带来的问题初探

本文对档案数字化文件的保管利用特点、安全性、真实性等方面存在的问题加以分析，并提出相应的对策，以便将来更好的保存、管理和利用信息化电子文档。     

浅谈内蒙古气象电子档案管理现状与改进办法

文章介绍了内蒙古气象电子档案的产生、管理现状及管理改进办法,提出了信息化管理是档案工作适应社会信息化发展的必然趋势,是全面提升档案工作为社会服务能力的不可缺少的手段。做好气象电子档案的管理工作对于服务气象现代化建设具有重要意义。     

气象电子文档管理系统设计与应用

随着计算机技术的飞速发展和办公自动化系统在气象部门的普及应用,在特定的环境下独立运行的电子文件向传统的文档管理提出了全面挑战。由于电子文件的方便再利用,不受孤本影响,远程传输,检索速度,存储成本上等都远远优于纸质文件,电子文档管理正面临着一个快速发展的时期。首先分析气象部门当前纸质文档管理现状,随后介绍一款独立于局域网环境下的电子文档管理系统的结构框架、模块功能特性。该系统在运行中能明显提升气象文档管理的效率。     

加强气象科技档案的集中统一管理

一、引言气象科技档案是我国科技档案的重要组成部分,它是记述和反映气象部门业务技术,科学研究等活动中形成的,具有保存价值,并且按照归档制度作为真实的历史记录保管起来的科技文件材料,包括:气象科技管理档案,气象记录档案、气象业务技术和服务档案、气象科学研究档案、气象仪器设备档案、气象教育档案、气象基本建设档案,共七大类。我国档案工作的基本原则是:“集中统一地管理国家档案,维护档案     

文书工作是档案的基础工作

物质世界的联系方式是力。人类社会的联系方式是什么呢 ?是信息。而文件 ,则是信息的记录、载体和传播工具。实践证明 ,没有文件 ,就没有社会的普遍联系 ,也就没有人类发展的历史记录。档案形成史表明 ,一切档案的形成都是以各种文件为基础的 ,各色各样的文件集合体经加工整理 ,按其形成的各自的规律性即内在联系排列组合 ,并经加工处理成为一个整体保存起来 ,文件即转化为档案。从此意义上讲 ,档案即文件的化身 ,没有完整齐全的文件 ,就不可能有完整齐全的档案。因此 ,文件是档案之源 ,是一切档案工作的基础。加强档案的基础工作 ,应首先加…     

信息与气象科技档案管理浅谈

当今社会已进入信息时代,它对社会及人类生活的影响也越来越大,及时迅速地得到信息,将给工作、科研带来极大效益。 气象科技档案是一种技术信息,它是气象部门在各项气象业务、技术和科研等活动中形成的,并按照一定归档制度集中管理起来的科技文件,具有保存价值。按其形成规律共分七类,即;气象科技管理档案、气象探测记录档案、气象科研档案、气象业务技术和服务档案、气象仪器设备档案、气象教     

加强业务管理提高测报质量

我局从1999～2003年,测报工作连续4年未出现错情,在此期间共有1个250个班,9个百班无错通过上级业务部门验收.在仪器保管、使用、维护上符合要求,对外报送的各种表、簿都能做好出门合格.     

Comparing the theoretical versions of the Beaufort scale, the T-Scale and the Fujita scale

2005 is the bicentenary of the Beaufort Scale and its wind-speed codes: the marine version in 1805 and the land version later. In the 1920s when anemometers had come into general use, the Beaufort Scale was quantified by a formula based on experiment. In the early 1970s two tornado wind-speed scales were proposed: (1) an International T-Scale based on the Beaufort Scale; and (2) Fujita's damage scale developed for North America. The International Beaufort Scale and the T-Scale share a common root in having an integral theoretical relationship with an established scientific basis, whereas Fujita's Scale introduces criteria that make its intensities non-integral with Beaufort. Forces on the T-Scale, where T stands for Tornado force, span the range 0 to 10 which is highly useful world wide. The shorter range of Fujita's Scale (0 to 5) is acceptable for American use but less convenient elsewhere. To illustrate the simplicity of the decimal T-Scale, mean hurricane wind speed of Beaufort 12 is T2 on the T-Scale but F1.121 on the F-Scale; while a tornado wind speed of T9 (= B26) becomes F4.761. However, the three wind scales can be uni-fied by either making F-Scale numbers exactly half the magnitude of T-Scale numbers [i.e. F′half = T / 2 = (B / 4) − 4] or by doubling the numbers of this revised version to give integral equivalence with the T-Scale. The result is a decimal formula F′double = T = (B / 2) − 4 named the TF-Scale where TF stands for Tornado Force. This harmonious 10-digit scale has all the criteria needed for world-wide practical effectiveness.     

准两年振荡对大气中微量气体分布的影响

NCAR的包含化学、辐射、动力相互作用的两维模式（SOCRATES）移植回国后进行了初步的模拟试验,用以研究某些对环境问题重要的微量气体的化学、辐射、动力传输过程。在不考虑极地平流层云和气溶胶表面非均相化学等情况下,模式积分多年,计算结果稳定,模拟的风场、温度场显示出正常的季节变化,模拟的微量气体分布与卫星实测资料对照,结果也比较一致。为了探讨热带平流层风场的准两年周期振荡（QBO）对平流层微量气体分布的影响,我们做了QBO强迫的数值试验,即在模式中加入QBO强迫,并与不考虑QBO强迫的模拟结果对比。结果表明,QBO与其相关的次级环流所引起动力输送的变化,使平流层微量气体分布发生变化。     

Quantifying the uncertainty of the annular mode time scale and the role of the stratosphere

The impact of high resolution modern vegetation cover on the West African climate is examined using the International Centre for Theoretical Physics Regional Climate Model implementing the NCAR Community Land Model. Two high resolution 25 km long-term simulations driven by the output from a coarser 50-km resolution simulation are performed for the period 1998–2010. One high resolution simulation uses an earlier and coarser-resolution version of plant functional type distribution and leaf area index, while the other uses a more recent, higher-quality, and finer-resolution version of the data. The results indicate that the new land cover distribution substantially alters the distribution of temperature with warming in Central Nigeria, northern Gulf of Guinea and part of the Sahel due to the replacement of C4 grass with corn; and cooling along the coastlines of the Gulf of Guinea and in Central Africa due to the replacement of C4 grass with tropical broadleaf evergreen trees. Changes in latent heat flux appear to be largely responsible for these temperature changes with a net decrease (increase) in regions of warming (cooling). The improved land cover distribution also results in a wetter monsoon season. The presence of corn tends to favor larger precipitation amounts via more intense events, while the presence of tropical broadleaf evergreen trees tends to favor the occurrence of both more intense and more frequent events. The wetter conditions appear to be sustained via (1) an enhanced soil moisture feedback; and (2) elevated moisture transport due to increased low-level convergence in regions south of 10N where the most substantial land cover differences are present. Overall the changes induced by the improved vegetation cover improve, to some extent, the performance of the high resolution regional climate model in simulating the main West African summer monsoon features.     

由中国历史气候记录对季风导致唐朝灭亡说的质疑

2007年1月4日杂志发表了Yancheva等10人的题为"Influence of the intertropical convergence zone on the East-Asian monsoon"(热带辐合带对东亚季风的影响)的论文[1],这是德国波兹坦地学研究中心气候动力与沉积学科的主管豪格(G.H.Haug)率领的科研小组的一项成果,认为是季风的变化引起的长期干旱导致了唐朝的灭亡.     

流场配置及地形对西南低涡形成的动力作用

本文采用定常二层模式讨论较小地形及高、低层流场配置对西南低涡形成的动力作用。指出了西南低涡的形成是与盆地、河谷以及其上气流分层有关的一种定常态.在上、下为西风分层时期,低层的浅薄暖湿西风有利于西南低涡的形成.在上、下为东、西风分层时期,上层浅薄东风亦有利于西南低涡的形成.小型的凸起山脉对西南低涡的形成没有作用.     

On the forecast of the onset and end of the convective season in the Amazon

Summary ?Some features of the climate system that can be considered predictors of the onset and end of the convective season over the Amazon were identified using one-month lag correlations and field composites. The fields analyzed were sea surface temperature (SST), outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR), vertical velocity and upper tropospheric winds. Warm (cold) anomalies in the SST in the tropical North Atlantic and the Caribbean Sea tend to be associated with delayed (early) onsets. Likewise, there is a tendency towards a delayed (early) end of the convective season with cold (warm) anomalies in these ocean regions. In addition, the SST in the cold tongue region of the equatorial Pacific is negatively, though weakly correlated with the onset date. The signal of this SST is more evident in the case of the end date, which is earlier with respect to its mean date in most of El Ni?o cases. The convective activity intensity itself conditions the onset and the end of the convective season, as it is evidenced by the behavior of the OLR and the vertical velocity fields. The more (less) intense the convective activity over South America during the preceding month, the earlier the onset and the later the end of the convective season on the Amazon region. The prediction of the onset and end dates of the convective season in the Amazon region was explored using a simple multiple regression technique based on the variables that have shown precursor signals with respect to these dates. The correlation coefficient between the predicted and the observed onset date is 0.81, and in the case of the end date, it is 0.76. The skill to predict early, delayed and normal categories was high, since in more than two thirds of the cases the category was successfully predicted, and there were no predictions of categories opposed to those observed. Received July 23, 2001; revised February 22, 2002; accepted April 26, 2002     

Analysis of the Characteristics of the Low-level Jets in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River during the Mei-yu Season

Here, we analyze the characteristics and the formation mechanisms of low-level jets(LLJs) in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River during the 2010 mei-yu season using Wuhan station radiosonde data and the fifth generation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ERA5) reanalysis dataset. Our results show that the vertical structure of LLJs is characterized by a predominance of boundary layer jets(BLJs) concentrated at heights of 900–1200 m.The BLJs occur most frequently at 230...