海陆过渡相泥页岩储层特征研究——以沁水盆地为例

通过扫描电镜、X射线衍射、压汞实验及等温吸附实验等对沁水盆地太原组泥页岩进行了实验分析,从地球化学特征、岩石学特征、物性与储集空间特征等方面对泥页岩储层特征进行了研究。结果表明,研究区太原组页岩气储层泥页岩厚50~70 m,储层有利层段为太原组上段,最大连续厚度为10.7~25.13 m;有机碳质量分数为0.12%~22.78%,平均为2.5%以上;成熟度为1.72%~3.6%,总体偏高,处于高-过成熟阶段;矿物成分以黏土矿物和石英为主,脆性矿物平均为32.12%~45.25%;微孔裂隙发育,类型多样。孔隙结构以微孔、小孔和超大孔为主,孔隙间连通性比较好。沁水盆地太原组泥页岩具有储层埋藏深度适中,泥页岩累计厚度大,有机碳含量高,脆性矿物含量高,微孔裂隙发育,孔隙间连通性好等特征,是页岩气的有利储集层。其不利条件主要表现在单层厚度小,黏土矿物含量高,成熟度较高等。     

湘中涟源凹陷上二叠统龙潭组和大隆组海陆过渡相泥页岩孔隙结构特征及对比

以湘中坳陷涟源凹陷上二叠统龙潭组和大隆组海陆过渡相泥页岩为研究对象,重点选取12块典型泥页岩钻井岩心样品开展有机碳含量、岩石热解、X射线衍射、密度法孔隙度、高压压汞、二氧化碳和氮气吸附等测试分析,利用氩离子抛光-场发射扫描电镜（FE-SEM）观察了泥页岩孔隙特征,通过定性描述和定量测定相结合的方法研究了海陆过渡相泥页岩纳-微米级孔隙结构特征及孔隙发育影响因素.研究结果表明:龙潭组和大隆组泥页岩有机碳含量均较高,热演化程度处在凝析油和湿气生成阶段早期,对应R_o为1.22%~1.43%;泥页岩孔隙类型主要为粒间孔、粒内孔、有机孔和微纳米缝.龙潭组与大隆组样品在孔隙形态、孔隙大小和影响因素上均有差异:龙潭组样品氮气吸附滞回环开口宽,有机孔形态多为圆形和椭圆形,孔径较大;大隆组样品氮气吸附滞回环开口窄,有机孔形态多为不规则状,孔径较小;龙潭组泥岩和大隆组泥页岩样品有机碳含量与黏土矿物含量呈正相关关系,2套样品的微孔孔隙积体与有机碳和黏土矿物含量均呈正相关性;龙潭组样品介孔+宏孔的孔隙体积与有机碳和黏土矿物含量呈正相关性,与石英+长石含量呈负相关性;大隆组样品中的碳酸盐矿物对其孔隙性有明显影响,大隆组样品介孔+宏孔孔隙体积与有机碳、黏土矿物和石英+长石含量相关性不明显.      

页岩储层孔隙结构多尺度定性-定量综合表征:以上扬子海相龙马溪组为例

为了深入研究下古生界海相页岩储层微观孔隙特征及其发育控制因素,本文采用多种孔隙表征及基础地化参数研究手段,实现了对孔隙特征从电镜下直观的形貌观察到对孔隙结构的宏孔-微孔全尺度定量测试,并结合样品地球化学参数和矿物组成探讨了页岩孔隙发育的控制因素。研究结果表明:海相龙马溪组页岩普遍发育有机质孔、粒间孔、粒内孔以及微裂缝等4种微观孔隙类型。其中以有机质孔和黏土矿物集合体粒间孔最为发育;联合高压压汞、低温液氮和二氧化碳吸附实验表明孔径分布曲线呈多峰态,总体孔径以小于50nm为主,表现为介孔和微孔为主,形态多为细颈广体的墨水瓶孔和四周开放的平行板状的狭缝型孔,页岩孔隙孔体积主要有微孔和宏孔贡献,而比表面积主要由小于5nm孔径的微孔-介孔贡献;泥页岩总有机碳(TOC)含量和主要矿物是控制孔隙大小的关键因素,其中TOC含量控制着页岩微孔与宏孔的发育,而黏土矿物与脆性矿物分别对介孔和宏孔有着积极的影响。     

黔西北地区上二叠统龙潭组泥页岩储层特征

贵州省发育多套含气页岩层系,近年来对于寒武系和志留系黑色页岩进行了较为深入的研究,但是对于上二叠统龙潭组黑色页岩储层研究较为缺乏。文中通过对黔西北地区上二叠统龙潭组黑色页岩进行全岩X衍射矿物分析、TOC含量和Ro、比表面和孔径等测试,特别是场发射扫描电镜实验,分析了龙潭组页岩孔隙类型及储层特征。结果表明：黔西北地区上二叠统龙潭组页岩主要矿物组成是黏土矿物(41.4%)和石英(47.8%)。从空间上看页岩中黏土矿物含量从北向南先减少后增加,石英含量在大方县中部和南部较高。龙潭组黑色页岩的孔隙以中孔为主,空间上从北向南呈现周期性的变化规律。龙潭组泥页岩孔隙分为3类,即粒间孔、粒内孔和有机孔。其中有机孔主要为纳米级,数量丰富,一般呈不规则的圆形,是吸附态赋存的天然气的主要储集空间,具有重要的研究价值。龙潭组页岩孔隙特征受TOC含量和黏土矿物影响明显。有机碳含量高,则微孔越丰富。黏土矿物含量高,则中孔较丰富。石英则对宏孔体积贡献较大。这样定量实验的结果很好的对应了扫描电镜中定性观察的结果。     

滇东曲靖地区下寒武统筇竹寺组泥页岩储层特征研究

下寒武统筇竹寺组页岩是南方页岩气勘查开发重点关注的层位之一,但滇东地区下寒武统筇竹寺组黑色页岩储层研究程度较低。样品采自2014年新钻的曲页1井,对下寒武统筇竹寺组黑色泥页岩进行全岩和粘土矿物X衍射分析、TOC、岩石物性、比表面积等测试和扫描电镜实验,综合分析了滇东曲靖地区筇竹寺组泥页岩储层特征及孔隙类型。结果表明:滇东曲靖地区下寒武统筇竹寺组泥页岩矿物组成主要是石英(44.75%)、粘土矿物(25.47%)、长石(16.44%);发育粒间孔、粒内孔和有机孔3种类型孔隙;有机质孔隙发育,以中孔为主,具有一定的页岩气勘探开发潜力;页岩储层自上而下孔隙体积有逐渐变小的趋势,但在井深400 m~500 m发育高孔隙体积;泥页岩储集性能的重要指标——孔隙度主要受有机质含量及发育程度的制约。     

沁水盆地榆社-武乡区块煤系页岩气储层特征评价

通过对沁水盆地榆社-武乡区块石炭-二叠系山西组-太原组富有机质泥页岩展布特征、地球化学特征以及储层特征进行分析认为,研究区富有机质泥页岩十分发育,连续性较好。TOC含量集中分布于1.5%~2.5%,干酪根以III型为主,热演化程度为高成熟—过成熟阶段,为好-优质的烃源岩。泥页岩矿物成分以黏土矿物和石英为主,黏土矿物主要为高岭石和伊蒙混层。页岩孔隙类型以黏土矿物粒间孔和有机质孔最为发育。泥页岩具有良好的吸附性能,页岩比表面积和孔隙体积有很好的正相关关系,表明研究区页岩具有较好的储集性能。优选的山西组-太原组页岩气有利区分布于研究区的北部及中部偏南一带,有利区内泥页岩累计厚度均在50m以上,TOC含量大于2%,构造较为简单,埋深适中,有利于页岩气的勘探与开发。     

黔西北骑龙村剖面五峰-龙马溪组黑色页岩孔隙结构特征

页岩的孔隙类型、结构对于页岩气资源评价与开采具有重要意义,为了进一步认识页岩孔隙结构特征及其演化规律,利用场发射扫描电镜、氮气吸附实验对黔西北骑龙村剖面五峰—龙马溪组黑色页岩微观孔隙类型、结构进行了研究,结果表明,研究区五峰—龙马溪组页岩气储层的储集空间类型多样,主要包含粒内孔、粒间孔、有机质孔和微裂缝。页岩孔隙以介孔为主,介孔是页岩气的主要储集空间;孔隙结构以墨水瓶状孔和平行板状孔为主。探讨了影响页岩孔隙发育的主要因素,有机碳含量、热演化程度和矿物成分含量均对页岩孔隙的发育有影响,而且并非单相性的,是相互制约的。研究剖面石英含量与微孔、中孔的发育程度呈良好的正相关关系,而与宏孔发育程度的相关性不明显;黏土矿物含量与微孔、中孔的发育程度的相关性不明显,而与宏孔的发育程度呈负相关关系;有机质孔隙正处在其发育高峰期,对于页岩孔隙具有重要贡献,且随成熟度增加而增加。     

鄂尔多斯盆地延长探区延长组页岩气储层孔隙结构特征

为了评价陆相页岩气储层的储集空间和储气能力,以鄂尔多斯盆地延长探区上三叠统延长组长7段、长9段页岩为研究对象,运用电子扫描显微镜、高压压汞、低温CO2和N2气体吸附等实验方法,对陆相页岩气储层孔隙类型特征、孔隙结构及其影响因素进行研究。结果表明：(1)延长探区上三叠统延长组陆相页岩发育多种类型微观孔隙,以粒间孔和粒内孔为主,少量晶间孔和溶蚀孔,有机质孔发育较少,为陆相页岩气赋存提供了储集空间;(2)延长组页岩中介孔(2～50 nm)贡献了其主要的孔容和比表面积,占总孔容的7437%,占总比表面积的6440%,且长9段页岩的总孔容和总比表面积均大于长7段页岩;(3)延长组页岩孔隙结构以狭缝型孔和板状孔为主,孔径主要分布在04～09 nm、3～25 nm和5～200 μm区间段内,延长组页岩平均孔径为853 nm,且长7段页岩平均孔径大于长9段页岩;(4)页岩有机碳含量、有机质成熟度及矿物成分含量共同影响着延长组页岩孔隙的发育,其中矿物成分含量是以介孔孔隙为主的延长组页岩孔隙发育的主控因素,有机碳含量及成熟度的增加主要对页岩中微孔孔隙的发育起到积极作用。     

新疆阜康地区八道湾组煤系页岩气储层孔隙结构特征

为了评价煤系页岩气的储层性质,运用扫描电子显微镜、高压压汞、低压N_2和CO_2气体吸附等实验方法,对新疆阜康地区侏罗系八道湾组煤系页岩气储层孔隙的发育情况、结构特征进行了研究,并分析了八道湾组页岩孔隙发育的主要影响因素。结果表明,八道湾组页岩发育多种类型孔隙,以粒内孔、粒间孔为主,有机质孔次之,溶蚀孔发育较少,为煤系页岩气赋存提供储集空间。八道湾组页岩纳米级孔隙以微孔和介孔为主,占孔隙总孔容的77.30%,占总比表面积的89.80%,是页岩气赋存的主要载体;页岩孔隙结构类型以狭缝型孔和板状孔为主,孔隙主要分布在0.4～1.3 nm、3～30 nm和50～200 nm之间。八道湾组页岩孔隙的发育受页岩有机碳含量、成熟度和矿物成分含量影响较大,其中有机碳含量对微孔发育的促进作用明显,成熟度的增加主要对页岩中介孔和宏孔的发育产生重要影响,黏土矿物含量与页岩的介孔孔容及总孔容呈一定的正相关关系,脆性矿物则相反。     

鄂西利川地区二叠系吴家坪组富有机质硅质页岩储层特征

通过岩石薄片、X衍射、有机岩石学、氩离子抛光扫描电子显微镜、氮气吸附、气测孔隙度等手段,对鄂西利川地区上二叠统吴家坪组硅质页岩的矿物组成、有机地球化学特征、物性特征等进行了分析研究。结果表明:吴家坪组硅质页岩TOC含量高,为3.07%~11.29%,成熟度适中,干酪根为Ⅱ型,有机质主要由腐泥组分和固体沥青组成;矿物组成以石英为主,占57%~93%,其次为黏土矿物、长石,含少量的碳酸盐矿物和黄铁矿等。吴家坪组页岩微观孔隙类型以有机孔为主,其次为草莓体黄铁矿晶间孔和石英颗粒边缘孔,溶蚀孔和微裂缝发育较差。页岩的比表面积和孔体积分别为6.63~33.12 m2/g和0.015~0.047 m L/g,且与TOC之间具有很好的正相关性,而与长石和黏土矿物之间存在弱负相关性;孔隙度为2.81%~17.40%,整体与石英含量具有较好的正相关性。利川地区吴家坪组页岩的物性特征与涪陵地区下志留统龙马溪组页岩具有很好的可对比性,故推断具有较好的页岩气勘探潜力。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

NONMETALS DEPOSITS

正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.)     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology,     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.)     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

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